Public International Law

944 Pages·2010·2.75 MB·English

by  Alina Kaczorowska-Ireland

Public International Law
Fourth edition
The fourth edition of Public International Law provides a very readable, lively, detailed and
easily understood introduction to the fundamental principles and structures of inter-
national law without compromising on analysis and depth of coverage.
Whilst the traditional topics of public international law are central to this book, new
developments including the impact of Kosovo’s unilateral declaration of independence
from Serbia, the fight against terrorism, the implications of cases currently pending before
the International Court of Justice on State immunity and the exercise of universal juris-
diction by States are also detailed. In addition, new actors on the international stage such as
non-governmental organisations, multinational corporations and terrorist groups, are
identified, examined and commented upon.
The entire stance of the book allows the reader to appreciate the historic perspective
and the evolving nature of public international law. This new edition includes an enhanced
layout and student-friendly features such as advice on further reading, highlighted cases,
aides-mémoire chapter outlines and summaries.
Alina Kaczorowska is Professor of International and European Union Law at the
University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados. She is also the author of the
Routledge textbook European Union Law.

Public International Law
Fourth edition
Alina Kaczorowska
Published 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
First published 2002
Third edition 2005
© 2010 Alina Kaczorowska
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kaczorowska, Alina.
Public international law / Alina Kaczorowska. – 4th ed.
p. cm.
1. International law. I. Title.
KZ3410.K33 2010
341 – dc22 2009053403
ISBN 0-203-84847-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-56682-7 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415-56685-1 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-84847-0 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-56682-7 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-56685-8 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-84847-0 (ebk)
Outline Contents
Preface xiii
Table of Cases xv
Table of Statutes xxix
Table of Treaties xxxiii
Table of Other Documents li
List of Abbreviations lix
1 History and Nature of International Law 1
2 Sources of International Law 25
3 The Law of Treaties 76
4 International Law and Municipal Law 142
5 International Personality 175
6 Recognition of States, Governments and
Intergovernmental Organisations in International Law 221
7 Territorial Sovereignty 259
8 Jurisdiction 308
9 Immunity from National Jurisdiction 352
10 State Responsibility for Wrongful Acts 417
11 An Overview of the International Protection of Human Rights 491
12 Self-Determination of Peoples 573
13 Peaceful Settlement of Disputes between States 615
14 The Use of Force 687
15 Collective Security 745
16 International Humanitarian Law 783
Glossary of Latin and Foreign Words and Maxims 855
Index 861

Detailed Contents
Preface xiii
Table of Cases xv
Table of Statutes xxix
Table of Treaties xxxiii
Table of Other Documents li
List of Abbreviations lix
1 HISTORY AND NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1
1.1 Definition of International Law 6
1.2 A Brief History of International Law 7
1.3 The Nature of International Law 14
1.4 Enforcement of International Law 16
1.5 Situations to which International Law is Relevant 19
2 SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 25
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Treaties 33
2.3 International Custom 35
2.4 The Relationship between Treaties and International
Custom 42
2.5 Special Rules of Customary International Law: Jus Cogens
and Rules Creating Erga Omnes Obligations 48
2.6 General Principles of International Law 52
2.7 Judicial Decisions 56
2.8 The Writings of Publicists 59
2.9 Equity 60
2.10 Secondary Law of International Governmental
Organisations (IGOs) 62
2.11 Declarations – An Uncertain Source? 64
2.12 Soft Law 64
2.13 Codification of International Law: The Contribution of
the International Law Commission (ILC) 70
3 THE LAW OF TREATIES 76
3.1 Introduction 87
3.2 The Main Features of the 1969 Vienna Convention on
the Law of Treaties (VCLT) 88
viii DETAILED CONTENTS
3.3 The Fundamental Principles of the Law of Treaties 90
3.4 The Definition of a Treaty under the VCLT 92
3.5 Conclusion of Treaties 94
3.6 Reservations to Treaties 98
3.7 Interpretative and Conditional Interpretative
Declarations and their Relationship with Reservations 105
3.8 Entry into Force, Deposit, Registration and Publication of
Treaties 107
3.9 Validity of Treaties 109
3.10 Application of Treaties 116
3.11 Amendment and Modification of Treaties 120
3.12 Interpretation of Treaties 122
3.13 Termination and Suspension of Treaties 127
3.14 Settlement of Disputes 134
4 INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MUNICIPAL LAW 142
4.1 Introduction 146
4.2 The Relationship between International Law and
Municipal Law 146
4.3 Municipal Law before International Courts and Tribunals 149
4.4 International Law before UK Courts 152
4.5 European Union (EU) Law in UK Courts 170
5 INTERNATIONAL PERSONALITY 175
5.1 Introduction 182
5.2 States and the Criteria for Statehood 185
5.3 Independent States 192
5.4 Dependent States 194
5.5 Sui Generis Entities 197
5.6 Internationalised Territories 198
5.7 De Facto Regimes 200
5.8 Mandates and Trusteeship Territories 201
5.9 Insurgents, Belligerents and National Liberation
Movements 202
5.10 Territories under UN Administration 203
5.11 International Governmental Organisations (IGOs) 204
5.12 Individuals 207
5.13 Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) 214
5.14 Multinational Corporations (MNCs) 216
DETAILED CONTENTS ix
6 RECOGNITION OF STATES, GOVERNMENTS AND
INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN
INTERNATIONAL LAW 221
6.1 Introduction 224
6.2 Recognition of a State in International Law 225
6.3 Recognition of Governments 236
6.4 Recognition of States and Governments in the Municipal
Law of England 239
6.5 Recognition of IGOs in the Municipal Law of England 252
7 TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY 259
7.1 Introduction 265
7.2 Different Types of Territorial Sovereignty 266
7.3 The Principles and Rules Applicable to the Acquisition of
Title to Territory 268
7.4 The Modes of Acquisition of Title to Territory 276
7.5 Other Circumstances Relevant to the Acquisition of Territory 292
7.6 The Acquisition of Territory in Polar Regions 296
7.7 Restrictions on the Transfer of Territory 299
7.8 The Loss of Territory 299
7.9 Rights over Parts of Territory of a Foreign State:
International Leases and Servitudes 300
8 JURISDICTION 308
8.1 Introduction 312
8.2 The Territoriality Principle 315
8.3 The Nationality Principle 317
8.4 The Protective Principle 318
8.5 The Passive Personality Principle 322
8.6 The Universality Principle 324
8.7 Universal Jurisdiction in Tort 337
8.8 Concurrent Jurisdiction 338
8.9 The ‘Effects Doctrine’ 340
8.10 Jurisdiction to Adjudicate 344
8.11 Jurisdiction to Enforce 346
9 IMMUNITY FROM NATIONAL JURISDICTION 352
9.1 Introduction 357
9.2 State Immunity, Non-Justiciability and the Act of State
Doctrine 358
9.3 State Immunity and its Evolution 362