Public Health Microbiology: Methods and Protocols

570 Pages·2004·9.31 MB·English

by  Rustam I. Aminov

MMEETTHHOODDSS IINN MMOOLLEECCUULLAARR BBIIOOLLOOGGYYTTMM
Volume 268
PPuubblliicc HHeeaalltthh
MMiiccrroobbiioollooggyy
MMeetthhooddss aanndd PPrroottooccoollss
EEddiitteedd bbyy
JJoohhnn FF.. TT.. SSppeenncceerr
AAlliicciiaa LL.. RRaaggoouutt ddee SSppeenncceerr
Public Health Microbiology
M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R B I O L O G Y™
John M. Walker, SERIES EDITOR
293. Laser Capture Microdissection: Methods and 271. B Cell Protocols, edited by Hua Gu and Klaus
Protocols,edited by Graeme I. Murray and Rajewsky, 2004
Stephanie Curran, 2005 270. Parasite Genomics Protocols, edited by Sara
292. DNA Viruses: Methods and Protocols, edited by E. Melville, 2004
Paul M. Lieberman, 2005 269. Vaccina Virus and Poxvirology: Methods and
Protocols,edited by Stuart N. Isaacs, 2004
291. Molecular Toxicology Protocols,edited by
Phouthone Keohavong and Stephen G. Grant, 2005 268. Public Health Microbiology: Methods and
Protocols,edited by John F. T. Spencer and
290. Basic Cell Culture, Third Edition, edited by Alicia L. Ragout de Spencer, 2004
Cheryl D. Helgason and Cindy Miller, 2005
267. Recombinant Gene Expression: Reviews and
289. Epidermal Cells, Methods and Applications, Protocols, Second Edition, edited by Paulina
edited by Kursad Turksen, 2004 Balbas and Argelia Johnson, 2004
288. Oligonucleotide Synthesis, Methods and Appli- 266. Genomics, Proteomics, and Clinical
cations,edited by Piet Herdewijn, 2004 Bacteriology:Methods and Reviews, edited by
Neil Woodford and Alan Johnson, 2004
287. Epigenetics Protocols,edited by Trygve O.
Tollefsbol, 2004 265. RNA Interference, Editing, and
Modification:Methods and Protocols, edited
286. Transgenic Plants: Methods and Protocols,
edited by Leandro Peña, 2004 byJonatha M. Gott, 2004
285. Cell Cycle Control and Dysregulation 264. Protein Arrays: Methods and Protocols,
Protocols:Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, edited by Eric Fung, 2004
and Other Factors, edited by Antonio Giordano 263. Flow Cytometry, Second Edition, edited by
and Gaetano Romano, 2004 Teresa S. Hawley and Robert G. Hawley, 2004
284. Signal Transduction Protocols, Second Edition, 262. Genetic Recombination Protocols, edited by
edited by Robert C. Dickson and Michael D. Alan S. Waldman, 2004
Mendenhall, 2004
261. Protein–Protein Interactions: Methods and
283. Bioconjugation Protocols, edited by Christof Applications,edited by Haian Fu, 2004
M. Niemeyer, 2004
260. Mobile Genetic Elements: Protocols and
282. Apoptosis Methods and Protocols, edited by Genomic Applications, edited by Wolfgang J.
Hugh J. M. Brady, 2004 Miller and Pierre Capy, 2004
281. Checkpoint Controls and Cancer, Volume 2: 259. Receptor Signal Transduction Protocols,
Activation and Regulation Protocols,edited by Second Edition, edited by Gary B. Willars
Axel H. Schönthal, 2004 and R. A. John Challiss, 2004
280. Checkpoint Controls and Cancer, Volume 1: 258. Gene Expression Profiling: Methods and
Reviews and Model Systems, edited by Axel H. Protocols,edited by Richard A. Shimkets, 2004
Schönthal, 2004
257. mRNA Processing and Metabolism: Methods and
279. Nitric Oxide Protocols, Second Edition, edited Protocols,edited by Daniel R. Schoenberg, 2004
byAviv Hassid, 2004
256. Bacterial Artifical Chromosomes, Volume 2:
278. Protein NMR Techniques, Second Edition, Functional Studies, edited by Shaying Zhao
edited by A. Kristina Downing, 2004 and Marvin Stodolsky, 2004
277. Trinucleotide Repeat Protocols, edited by 255. Bacterial Artifical Chromosomes, Volume 1:
Yoshinori Kohwi, 2004 Library Construction, Physical Mapping, and
276. Capillary Electrophoresis of Proteins and Sequencing,edited by Shaying Zhao and
Peptides,edited by Mark A. Strege and Marvin Stodolsky, 2004
Avinash L. Lagu, 2004 254. Germ Cell Protocols, Volume 2: Molecular
275.Chemoinformatics,edited by Jürgen Bajorath, Embryo Analysis, Live Imaging, Transgenesis,
2004 and Cloning, edited by Heide Schatten, 2004
274. Photosynthesis Research Protocols, edited by 253. Germ Cell Protocols, Volume 1: Sperm and
Robert Carpentier, 2004 Oocyte Analysis, edited by Heide Schatten, 2004
273. Platelets and Megakaryocytes, Volume 2: 252. Ribozymes and siRNA Protocols, Second
Perspectives and Techniques, edited by Edition,edited by Mouldy Sioud, 2004
Jonathan M. Gibbins and Martyn P. Mahaut- 251. HPLC of Peptides and Proteins: Methods and
Smith, 2004 Protocols,edited by Marie-Isabel Aguilar, 2004
272. Platelets and Megakaryocytes, Volume 1: 250. MAP Kinase Signaling Protocols, edited by
Functional Assays, edited by Jonathan M. Rony Seger, 2004
Gibbins and Martyn P. Mahaut-Smith, 2004
M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R B I O L O G Y™
Public Health
Microbiology
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
John F. T. Spencer
Alicia L. Ragout de Spencer
Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos
(PROIMI)–CONICET
San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
© 2004 Humana Press Inc.
999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208
Totowa, New Jersey 07512
www.humanapress.com
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise
without written permission from the Publisher. Methods in Molecular BiologyTMis a trademark of The
Humana Press Inc.
All papers, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the publisher.
This publication is printed on acid-free paper. (cid:39)
ANSI Z39.48-1984 (American Standards Institute)
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary.
For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact
Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: [phone]; Fax: [phone];
E-mail: [email protected]; or visit our Website: www.humanapress.com
Photocopy Authorization Policy:
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific
clients, is granted by Humana Press Inc., provided that the base fee of US $25.00 per copy is paid directly
to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations
that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged
and is acceptable to Humana Press Inc. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is:
[1-58829-117-0/04 $25.00].
Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
E-ISBN 1-59259-766-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Public health microbiology : methods and protocols / edited by John F.T. Spencer, Alicia L. Ragout de
Spencer.
p. ; cm. -- (Methods in molecular biology, ISSN 1064-3745 ; v. 268)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58829-117-0 (alk. paper)
1. Diagnostic microbiology. [DNLM: 1. Environmental Microbiology. 2. Microbiological Techniques.
QW 55 P976 2004] I. Spencer, J. F. T. II. Ragout de Spencer, Alicia L. III. Methods in molecular biology
(Clifton, N.J.) ;v. 268.
QR67.P83 2004
616.9'041--dc22
2003025016
Preface
Public Health Microbiology: Methods and Protocolsis focused on microorganisms
that can present a hazard to human health in the course of everyday life. There are
chapters dealing with organisms that are directly pathogenic to humans, including
bacteria, viruses, and fungi; on organisms that produce toxins during growth in their
natural habitats; on the use of bacteriocins produced by such organisms as lactobacilli
and bifidobacteria; as well as several chapters on hazard analysis, the use of
disinfectants, microbiological analysis of cosmetics, and microbiological tests for
sanitation equipment in food factories. Additional chapters look at the use of animals
(mice) in the study of the various characteristics of milk and their relationships with
lactic acid bacteria in particular. Other chapters focus on special methods for
determining particular components of milk.
In particular, in Parts I and II, on bacterial and viral pathogens, special attention is
given to methods for PCR detection of genes with resistance to tetracycline, as well as
to Salmonella enterica; for identification and typing of Campylobacter coli; for
detection of the abundance of enteric viruses, hepatitis A virus, and rotaviruses in
sewage, and of bacteriophages infecting the O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli.
Part III offers methods for computerized analysis and typing of fungal isolates, for
isolation and enumeration of fungi in foods, and for the determination of aflatoxin and
zearalenone.
Important pathogens discussed in Part IV include Legionella, amoebae, fungal
conidia, and yeasts (by flow cytometry), Cryptosporidium parvum,andErysipelothrix
rhusopathiae. Protocols for the separation of pathogenic organisms from
environmental matrices by immunomagnetic methods are also included here.
Part V describes methods for spectrophotometric determination of histamine in fish
processing and the antimicrobial effects of flavonoids from Tagetes species in
Argentina.
The uses of animals (mice) in studies of various characteristics of lactobacilli are
covered in the six chapters of Part VI, and Part VII includes special methods of
analysis.
The final part of Public Health Microbiology: Methods and Protocolsincludes three
very important reviews, one on the microflora of the intestinal tract, another on the
relation of the spread of pathogens from livestock and poultry production by disposal
of manure and similar wastes on agricultural land, and finally, a review of the threat to
public health by the prion-based diseases, the several forms of transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies, that is, mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep, wasting
disease in elk and mule deer, and Creutzfeld-Jacob disease in humans. In actuality, all
three animal conditions may be transmissible to humans. Chapters 51 and 52, in
particular, should be required reading for all public officials, at all levels of
government, who have a responsibility for public health.
v
vi Preface
The editors wish to thank Dr. Faustino Siñeriz, Director of PROIMI and Head of
Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica (CIUNT) in Tucumán for his consideration in
providing facilities and supplies for this work; Pharm. Laura Tereschuk, and Dra.
Alejandra Martinez, for valuable assistance in the compilation of this work; Dr. Javier
Ochoa, for much useful technical assistance; and finally all the investigator/authors
who contributed chapters to our book.
John F. T. Spencer
Alicia L. Ragout de Spencer
Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................................v
Contributors ...................................................................................................xiii
PART I BACTERIA
1 Detection of Tetracycline Resistance Genes by PCR Methods
Rustam I. Aminov, Joanne C. Chee-Sanford, Natalie Garrigues,
Asma Mehboob, and Roderick I. Mackie.........................................3
2 Integron Analysis and Genetic Mapping of Antimicrobial Resistance
Genes in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium
Mairéad Daly and Séamus Fanning....................................................15
3 Molecular-Based Identification and Typing
of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli
Brigid Lucey, Fiona O’Halloran, and Séamus Fanning.......................33
4 Molecular Genotyping Methods and Computerized Analysis
for the Study of Salmonella enterica
Ana Belén Vivanco, Juan Alvarez, Idoia Laconcha,
Nuria López-Molina, Aitor Rementeria, and Javier Garaizar........49
PART II VIRUSES
5 Detection of Infectious Rotaviruses by Flow Cytometry
Albert Bosch, Rosa M. Pintó, Jaume Comas,
and Francesc-Xavier Abad..............................................................61
6 Integrated Cell Culture/PCR for Detection of Enteric Viruses
in Environmental Samples
Kelly A. Reynolds................................................................................69
7 Abundance in Sewage of Bacteriophages
Infecting Escherichia coli O157:H7
Maite Muniesa and Juan Jofre............................................................79
8 Molecular Genotyping of Irish Rotavirus Strains
Fiona O’Halloran and Séamus Fanning..............................................89
9 Hepatitis A Virus: Molecular Detection and Typing
Glòria Sánchez, Cristina Villena, Albert Bosch, and Rosa M. Pintó....103
vii
viii Contents
PART III FUNGI
10 Typing Fungal Isolates:
Molecular Methods and Computerized Analysis
Aitor Rementeria, Ana Belén Vivanco, Ainara Cadaval,
María Teresa Ruesga, Sonia Brena, José Pontón,
Guillermo Quindós, and Javier Garaizar.......................................117
11 Fungal Isolation and Enumeration in Foods
Dante Javier Bueno, Julio Oscar Silva, and Guillermo Oliver.........127
12 Determination of Aflatoxins and Zearalenone
in Different Culture Media
Dante Javier Bueno and Guillermo Oliver.......................................133
IV OTHER PATHOGENS
13 Intracellular Multiplication of Legionella Species and the Influence
of Amoebae on Their Intracellular Growth in Human Monocytes:
Mono Mac 6 Cells and Acanthamoeba castellanii as Suitable
In Vitro Models
Birgid Neumeister.............................................................................141
14 Viability of Amoebae, Fungal Conidia, and Yeasts:
Rapid Assessment by Flow Cytometry
Judith A. Noble-Wang, Shangtong Zhang, Daniel Price,
and Donald G. Ahearn.................................................................153
15 Detection and Differentiation of Cryptosporidium Oocysts
in Water by PCR-RFLP
Lihua Xiao, Altaf A. Lal, and Jianlin Jiang.........................................163
16 Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum With Microsatellite Markers
Giovanni Widmer, Xiaochuan Feng, and Sultan Tanriverdi.............177
17 Immunomagnetic Separation of Pathogenic Organisms
From Environmental Matrices
Gary P. Yakub and Kathleen L. Stadterman-Knauer.........................189
18 Detection of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in Clinical
and Environmental Samples
Silvana G. Fidalgo and Thomas V. Riley...........................................199
19 Interaction Between Lactic Acid Bacteria and Gastrointestinal
Nematodes of Caprine Origin
Diana Draksler, María Cecilia Monferran, and Silvia González......207
20 Molecular Detection of Genes Responsible
for Cyanobacterial Toxin Production in the Genera Microcystis,
Nodularia, and Cylindrospermopsis
Brendan P. Burns, Martin L. Saker, Michelle C. Moffitt,
and Brett A. Neilan.......................................................................213
Contents ix
PART V BACTERIOCINS AND OTHER INHIBITORS
21 Purification of Antilisterial Bacteriocins
Jean-Marc Berjeaud and Yves Cenatiempo......................................225
22 The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System in Food Safety
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................235
23 Testing Disinfectants in the Food Factory: Phenol Coefficient Method
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................281
24 Nontraditional Method of Evaluating Disinfectants: With Isolated
Microorganisms From the Food Factory
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................289
25 Microbiological Analysis of Cosmetics
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................293
26 Helicobacter pylori and Food Products: A Public Health Problem
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................297
27 Microbiological Test for Sanitation of Equipment in the Food Factory
Anavella Gaitan Herrera...................................................................303
28 Spectrophotometric Determination of Histamine
in Fisheries Using an Enzyme Immunoassay Method
Tânia L. P. Pessatti, José D. Fontana, and Marcos L. Pessatti..........311
29 Flavonoids From Argentine Tagetes (Asteraceae)
With Antimicrobial Activity
Maria L. Tereschuk, Mario D. Baigorí, Lucia I. C. de Figueroa,
and Lidia R. Abdala.......................................................................317
30 Purification of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Lucila Saavedra, Patricia Castellano, and Fernando Sesma.............331
31 Production of Antimicrobial Substances by Lactic Acid Bacteria I:
Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide
María Silvina Juárez Tomás, María Claudia Otero,
Virginia Ocaña, and María Elena Nader-Macías..........................337
32 Production of Antimicrobial Substances by Lactic Acid Bacteria II:
Screening Bacteriocin-Producing Strains With Probiotic Purposes
and Characterization of a Lactobacillus Bacteriocin
Virginia S. Ocaña and María Elena Nader-Macías...........................347
33 Statistical Models to Optimize Production
of Probiotic Characteristics
María Silvina Juárez Tomás, Elena Bru,
and María Elena Nader-Macías....................................................355
34 Meat-Model System Development
for Antibacterial Activity Determination
Graciela Vignolo and Patricia Castellano.........................................367