Public and Situated Displays: Social and Interactional Aspects of Shared Display Technologies PDF
Preview Public and Situated Displays: Social and Interactional Aspects of Shared Display Technologies
PUBLIC AND SITUATED DISPLAYS The Kluwer International series on Computer Supported Cooperative Work Volume 2 Series Editor: Richard Harper Appliance Studio & the Digital World Research Centre Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom Editorial Board Members: Frances Aldrich, University of Sussex, United Kingdom Liam Bannon, University of Limerick, Ireland Moses Boudourides, University of Patras, Greece Graham Button, Xerox Research Center Europe, Grenoble Laboratory, France Prasun Dewan,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Jonathan Grudin, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, USA Bo Helgeson, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden John Hughes,Lancaster University, United Kingdom Keiichi Nakata,International University in Germany, Bruchsal, Germany Leysia Palen,University of Colorado, Boulder, USA David Randall, Manchester Metropolitan University,United Kingdom Kjeld Schmidt,IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark Abigail Sellen, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol, United Kingdom Yvonne Rogers,University of Sussex, United Kingdom Public and Situated Displays Social and Interactional Aspects of Shared Display Technologies Edited by Kenton O’Hara The Appliance Studio, Bristol, U.K. Mark Perry Brunel University, Uxbridge, U.K. Elizabeth Churchill Fuji-Xerox Palo Alto Laboratory, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A. and Daniel Russell IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California, U.S.A. SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-6449-3 ISBN 978-94-017-2813-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-2813-3 Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved ©2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Contents Contributing authors vii Introduction to public and situated displays Kenton O’Hara, Mark Perry, Elizabeth Churchill and Daniel Russell xvii PART I: Knowledge work and collaboration 1 Large interactive public displays: Use patterns, support patterns, community patterns Daniel M. Russell and Alison Sue 3 NASA’s MERBoard Jay Trimble, Roxana Wales and Rich Gossweiler 18 Configuring spaces and surfaces to support collaborative interactions Yvonne Rogersand Tom Rodden 45 Large displays for knowledge work Elizabeth D. Mynatt, Elaine M. Huang, Stephen Voida and Blair MacIntyre 80 PART II: Awareness and coordination 103 Situated web signs and the ordering of social action Kenton O’Hara, Mark Perry and Simon Lewis 105 v vi Contents Exploring the evolution of office door displays Keith Cheverst, Dan Fitton and Alan Dix 141 The social construction of displays Andy Crabtree, Terry Hemmings and Tom Rodden 170 When a bed is not a bed Karen Clarke, John Hughes, Mark Rouncefield andTerry Hemmings 191 From conception to design Jennifer Mankoff and Anind K. Dey 210 PART III: Community and social connectedness 231 The plasma poster network Elizabeth Churchill, Les Nelson, Laurent Denoue, Paul Murphy and Jonathan Helfman 233 Supporting communities of practice with large screen displays Antonietta Grasso, Martin Muehlenbrock, Frederic Roulland, and Dave Snowdon 261 Promoting a sense of community with ubiquitous peripheral displays Joseph F. McCarthy 283 Designing displays for human connectedness Stefan Agamanolis 309 PART IV: Mobility 335 Situated mobility Trevor Pering and Michael Kozuch 337 Supporting extensible public display systems with Speakeasy Julie A. Black, W. Keith Edwards, Mark W. Newman, Jana Z. Sedivy and Trevor F. Smith 359 Ambient displays and mobile devices for the creation of social architectural spaces Norbert Streitz, Thorsten Prante, Carsten Röcker, Daniel v. Alphen, Carsten Magerkurth, Richard Stenzel and Daniela Plewe 387 Index 411 Contributing Authors Stefan Agamanolis is a principal research scientist and the director of the Human Connectedness research group at Media Lab Europe, the European research partner of the MIT Media Laboratory. In addition to investigating ways technology can support and enhance human relationships, his research interests include object-based representations for media, interactive storytelling, responsive environments, and automated video editing. He holds MS and PhD degrees in Media Arts and Sciences from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Daniel van Alphen works in the field of Product- and Interface Design. In 2002, he graduated in Industrial Design from the University of Arts in Berlin [UdK Berlin]. He earned his degree with a first version of the GossipWall and ViewPort Artefacts in collaboration with the Research Division “AMBIENTE – Workspaces of the Future” at the Fraunhofer institute IPSI in Darmstadt, Germany. Recently, he teaches at the UdK Berlin and works in close cooperation with the AMBIENTE-Team. Julie Black is currently a computer science student at Stanford University where here interests include theoretical computer science and human computer interaction. She has worked at the Palo Alto Research Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Media Lab. Her past research projects have included designing and developing a prototype for an extensible public display system atop the Speakeasy framework for recombinant computing and the analysis of different holographic imaging techniques. Keith Cheverst is a Lecturer of Computing at Lancaster University. He obtained a PhD in 1999 in the area of Mobile Computing. His current research focuses on exploring the issues that arise from the development, vii viii Contributing Authors deployment and evaluation of context-aware applications within the fields of ubiquitous and mobile computing. His experience within these evolving fields is reflected by his membership in the program committees of numerous international conferences. Elizabeth Churchill is a Senior Research Scientist at FX Palo Alto Laboratory, Inc. (FXPAL) working on the design and use of computer-based tools for communication, collaboration and coordination. She has published within the areas of artificial intelligence, cognitive science, cognitive psychology, human computer interaction and computer supported cooperative work. She co-started the ACM's conference series on Collaborative Virtual Environments, and was the co-chair for the ACM's 2002 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work. Karen Clarke is a Research Associate in the Computing Department at Lancaster University where she conducts ethnomethodologically informed studies of Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW). Her research interests include healthcare informatics, studies of IT use in work and in the 'home', human factors in system design and methods in social enquiry. My PhD is a critique of claims to a feminist methodology. Previously she worked on the 'Virtual Ethnography' project at the University of Leeds which examined the use of technology in sixteen homes using video recording techniques and conventional ethnographic methods. Andy Crabtree is a Senior Research Fellow in the School of Computer Science at the University of Nottingham with an interest in collaborative systems design. He is a sociologist who has conducted ethnographic studies in wide range of settings for purposes of IT research. His recent work includes Designing Collaborative Systems: A Practical Guide to Ethnography. Laurent Denoue is a research scientist at FX Palo Alto Laboratories in the Social Computing Group and Immersive Technology Group. His work has looked at annotation systems for electronic books and real-time note sharing applications. He has a PhD from the University of Savoie. Anind Dey is a Senior Researcher for Intel Research Berkeley. He performs research in the area of ubiquitous computing, focusing on sensor- based interactions, ambient displays and application prototyping. He received a B.ApSc (Computer Engineering) from Simon Fraser University, and two M.S. degrees (Aerospace Engineering and Computer Science) and his PhD in Computer Science at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Alan Dix is Professor of Computing at Lancaster University. Since 1985 he has worked in many areas of human-computer interaction research starting off with formal methods based on his early training in mathematics, but more recently in issues ranging from architectures for mobile applications to user experience and the relationship of interface design to the Contributing Authors ix literary arts. He is the author of Human-Computer Interaction the most widely used textbook in the field. Keith Edwards is a Senior Member of Research Staff at the Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), where he leads the Speakeasy project on evolvable interoperation in ad hoc networks. Keith's research interests sit at the intersection of distributed systems and human computer interaction--how systems concerns "show through" to the user experience and, in turn, how the requirements of the user experience manifest themselves in the system. Recently, he has been working to understand how to apply user-centered design and evaluation techniques to the creation of infrastructure technologies. Daniel Fitton is presently a research student at Lancaster University in the second year of his PhD. Having found the area of ubiquitous computing fascinating as an undergraduate at Lancaster he decided to continue his studies and explore this area further. His present interests lie in situated interactive displays and this is reflected in his recent work on both the Equator and CASCO (Investigating Context Aware Support for Cooperative Applications in Ubiquitous Computing Environments) projects. Rich Gossweiler is a principle research scientist at CSC working for NASA Ames Research Center. His background is in 3D graphics, systems and user interface research. He has worked at SGI, Xerox PARC and IBM Almaden Research Center. His recent work includes co-developing the BlueBoard project at IBM and working on the MERBoard project at NASA Ames. Antonietta Grasso is a researcher at Xerox Research Centre Europe in the Contextual Computing Group. Her work has focused on wide area inter- organizational process support systems and on usage of ubiquitous user interfaces in support of communities of practice and knowledge sharing. Prior to joining Xerox she worked at the Cooperation Technologies Laboratory at the University of Milano where she worked on open architectures for process support. Jonathan Helfman is a Senior Researcher at FX Palo Alto Laboratories. His research interests include the technical and social aspects of combining visualization, user interface design, and software engineering to create multimedia experiences to access, communicate, manipulate, and discover patterns in large amounts of data. Before joining FXPAL he studied film animation, electrical engineering, video processing, and computer science. Previously he has worked at Bell Labs and AT&T Labs. He has a PhD in Computer Science from the University of New Mexico. Terry Hemmings is a Research Fellow in the School of Computer Science at the University of Nottingham. He has conducted long-term studies of the domestic environment that has provided valuable insights into the social impact of new technologies in the home. His recent work is x Contributing Authors sponsored by the EU’s Disappearing Computer Initiative ACCORD project andfocuses on the impact of ubiquitous computing in the home. Elaine Huang is a PhD student in the College of Computing at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia. Her research focuses on understanding the interactions between members of small workgroups and how technology can support their needs, specifically as pertains to their awareness of each other. Her recent work on Semi-Public Displays addresses this issue through the use of large peripheral displays for calm information dissemination. John Hughes is a Professor in the Sociology Department at Lancaster University. In a long, interminable career, John Hughes has published in the fields of political socialization, political sociology, and research methods. His current interests, however, are in the field of Computer Supported Cooperative Work which involves ethnographic studies of work activities to inform system design and working with computer scientists at Lancaster. His other interests include Ethnomethodology and Wittgenstein. Michael Kozuch is a Senior Researcher with Intel Corporation. His interests lie in mobile computing systems, at the intersection of file systems, machine virtualization, and networking. In his current work on Seamless Mobility, he is developing a set of technologies that enable mobile users to move effortlessly between different computing environments. As part of this effort, Dr. Kozuch has built Internet Suspend/Resume, a system that allows users to suspend a complete computing session at one Internet-connected site and resume the session at another site. Simon Lewis is Technical Director at the Appliance Studio leading the engineering, design and innovation teams. He is currently developing lightweight ubiquitous display technologies and technologies for supporting local and remote collaboration. Formerly he was at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories and British Telecom Laboratories where he worked on of network management, expert systems, medical information systems, order- configuration, mobile communications, telecommunication services, and information appliances. He has a degree in Electronic Engineering and Computer Science from University College London is also the author of The Art and Science of Smalltalk. Blair MacIntyre is an Assistant Professor in the College of Computing and the GVU Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has a BMath and MMath from the University of Waterloo, and a MPhil and PhD from Columbia University. His research interests focus on supporting the creation and evaluation of augmented reality systems. He has been involved in augmented reality research for 12 years, and currently directs the Augmented Environments Lab. Carsten Magerkurth is a scientific staff member of the research division "AMBIENTE – Workspaces of the Future" at the Fraunhofer
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