Pt Platinum: Platinum-Group Metals: Isotopes, Atoms, Molecules, Clusters

366 Pages·1988·6.371 MB·English

by  Esther Belin, Yvette Cauchois, Christiane Sénémaud, Jean Blaise, Jean-François Wyart, Helmut Münzel, Joachim Wagner (auth.), Dieter Koschel, Joachim Wagner (eds.)

1
2 Hel 10 Ne I 18 Ar 1 36 Kr I 54 Xe I 86 Rn 1 H13
;
2 6 6 7 8 a I
I H 9 F 17 CI 35 8r 53 I 85 AI8
8 o 3 16 S 9 34 Se 10 52 Te 11 84 Po /2 71 , Lu 103 Lr 71 ----
7 N 4 15 P 16 33 As 17 51 Sb 18 83 Bi 19 70 Vb 102 No 7/
6 C /4 14 Si 15 32 45 Ge 50 Sn 46 82 Pb 47 69 Tm 101 Md 7/
bers 5 8 13 13 AI 35 31 Ga 36 49 In 37 81 TI 38 68 Er 100 Fm 71
m
m Nu 30 Zn 32 48 Cd 33 80 Hg 34 67 Ho 99 Es 71
e I
yst 60 61 62 7/
melin S I I I I 29 57 Cu 47 Ag 65 79 68 Au 66 Dy 98 Cf 71
e G 28 Ni 46 Pd 78 Pt 65 Tb 97 Bk
with th 27 Co 58 45 64 Rh 77 Ir 67 64 Gd 96 71 Cm
the T able of Elements I I I I I I I I I I ! ! 24 25 26 Mn 56 Cr 52 Fe 59 42 44 43 M53 Tc 69 Ru 63 o 76 74 75 W 54 Re 70 Os 66 61 62 63 Sm Pm Eu 93 94 95 Np 71 Pu 7/ 71 Am
Periodie I . i i ! i I 23 V 48 41 49 Nb 73 Ta 50 105 71 60 Nd 92 U 55
I I I I , I ! I I I I I 22 21 Sc 39 Ti 41 40 39 V 39 Zr 42 72 57** Hf 43 La 39 104 89*** 71 40 Ac 58 59 Pr Ce 90 91 Th44 Pa 51
! 1 I
4 26 8e 12 M27 g 20 Ca 28 38 Sr 29 56 Ba 30 88 31 Ra n ides 39 des
a ni
/ H 2 3 Li 20 11 21 Na 19 * K 22 37 24 Rb 55 Cs 25 87 25a Fr I**Lanth 1***Acti

po I Ci if a i. s' ICA' 1~ if [ i' i n I
Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemislry
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbook
of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie
Achte, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage
Prepared Gmelin-Institut tür Anorganische Chemie
and issued by der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
Director: Ekkehard Fluck
Founded by Leopold GmeLin
8th Edition 8th Edition begun under the auspices of the
Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft by R. J. Meyer
Continued by E.H.E. Pietsch and A. Kotowski, and by
Margot Becke-Goehring
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1989
Gmelin-Institut für Anorganische Chemie
der Max-PLanck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. G. BreiL, Chairman (Ruhrchemie AG, Oberhausen-Holten), Prof. Dr. K. Dehnicke (Philipps
Universität, Marburg), Prof. Dr. N. N. Greenwood (University of Leeds), Prof. Dr. H. Grünewald
(Bayer AG, Leverkusen), Prof. Dr. H. Harnisch (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main-Höchst), Prof. Dr.
H. Nöth (Universität München), Prof. Dr. H. Offermanns (Degussa AG, FrankfurtlMain), Prof.
Dr. G. zu PutLitz (Universität HeideLberg), Prof. Dr. A. Rabenau (Max-PLanck-Institut für Fest
körperforschung, Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. A. Simon (Max-PLanck-Institut für Festkörperforschung,
Stuttgart), Prof. Dr. Dr. A. H. Staab (Präsident der Max-PLanck-Gesellschaft, München), Prof.
Dr. Dr. h.c. muLt. G. WiLke (Max-PLanck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, MüLheim/Ruhr)
DIRECTOR DEPUTY DIRECTOR
Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard FLuck Dr. W. Lippert
CHIEF EDITORS
Dr. K.-C. Buschbeck - Dr. H. Bergmann, J. FüsseL, H. Hartwig, Dr. H. Katseher, Dr. R. Keim,
Dr. E. Koch, Dipl.-Phys. D. Koschel, Dr. U. Krüerke, Dr. P. MerLet, Dr. E. SchLeitzer-Rust,
Dr. F. A. Schröder, Dr. A. SLawisch, Dr. W. Töpper
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF Dr. B. Baker, Dr. P. L. BayLess,
Dr. V. Haase, Dr. E. F. Hockings,
Dipl.-Ing. G. Kirschstein,
Dr. W. F. McNamara, Dr. K. Rumpf
EMERITUS MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Dr. E.h. Margot Becke
CORRESPONDENT MEMBERS OF THE INSTITUTE Prof. Dr. Hans Bock
Prof. Dr. Dr. ALois Haas, Sc. D. (Cantab.)
STAFF GMELIN HANDBOOK
Dr. G. Bär, Dr. R. Baier, D. BartheL, Dr. N. Baumann, Dr. B. Becker, Dr. W. Behrendt,
D. Benzaid, Dr. L. Berg, Dipl.-Chem. E. Best, Dr. R. Bohrer, K. D. Bonn, P. Born-Heck,
DipL.-Phys. R. Bost, Dr. A. BrandL, Dr. R. Braun, DipL.-lng. V. A. Chavizon, E. CLoos, DipL.
Phys. G. Czack, I. Deim, DipL.-Chem. H. Demmer, U. Dietz, DipL.-GeoL. R. Ditz, R. Dowideit,
DipL.-Chem. M. Drößmar, U. Duggen, DipL.-Chem. R. Durban, Dr. H.-J. Fachmann, Dr. J.
Faust, B. Fischer, G. Funk, Dipl.-Ing. N. GageL, Dr. D. Germeshausen, Dr. U. W. Gerwarth,
Dipl.-Phys. D. Gras, Dipl.-BibL. W. Grieser, Dr. I. Haas, Dr. R. HauboLd, B. HeibeL, Dipl.-Min.
H. Hein, A. Heise-Schuster, H.-P. Hente, H. W. HeroLd, U. Hettwer, Dr. R. HeumüLLer, Dr.
G. Hönes, Dr. W. Hoffmann, Dr. W. HuisL, B. Jaeger, Dr. R. Jotter, Dr. J. von Jouanne,
Dr. B. Kalbskopf, Dipl.-Chem. W. KarL, H.-G. Karrenberg, Dipl.-Phys. H. KeLLer-Rudek, B.
Kirchner, P. KLauck, Dipl.-Chem. C. KoeppeL, Dipl.-Chem. H. KötteLwesch, R. KoLb, Dr. M.
Kotowski, E. Kranz, DipL.-Chem. I. KreuzbichLer, Dr. A. Kubny, Dr. M. Kunz, Dr. W. Kurtz,
M. Langer, Dr. U. Lanzendörfer, Dr. B. Ledüc, Dr. A. Leonard, H. Mathis, E. Meinhard,
M. Meßer, C. Metz, K. Meyer, Dr. M. Mirbach, Dipl.-Chem. B. Mohsin, Dr. U. Neu-Becker,
K. Nöring, Dipl.-Chem. R. NohL, Dipl.-Min. U. NohL, Dr. U. Ohms-Bredemann, Dr. W. Petz,
I. Rangnow, Dr. B. Rempfer, Dipl.-Phys. H.-J. Richter-Ditten, E. Rieth, E. RudoLph, G. Ru
doLph, Dipl.-Chem. S. Ruprecht, Dr. B. Sarbas, Dr. H. Schäfer, Dr. D. SChiöberg, V. Schlicht,
Dipl.-Chem. D. Schneider, Dipl.-Min. P. Schubert, Dr. K. Schücke, A. SchwärzeL, Dr. B.
Schwager, Dipl.-Ing. H. M. Somer, G. Strauss, Dr. G. Swoboda, Dr. U. Taubald, M. Teich
mann, Dr. D. TiLLe, Dipl.-Ing. H. Vanecek, Dipl.-Chem. P. VeLi<:, Dipl.-Ing. U. Vetter, H.-M.
Wagner, Dipl.-Phys. J. Wagner, R. Wagner, Dr. E. Warkentin, Dr. C. Weber, Dr. A. WieteL
mann, Dr. M. Winter, Dr. B. Wöbke, K. WoLff
STAFF GMELIN ONLINE DATA SYSTEM
Dr. R. DepLanque, Dr. P. Kuhn, Dr. G. OLbrich
VoLumes pubLished on PLatinum-Group Metals
Ir • Iridium Main VoLume - 1939
• Iridium Suppl. Vol. 1 (Metal, ALLoys) - 1978
o Iridium Suppl. Vol. 2 (Compounds) - 1978
Os • Osmium Main VoLume - 1939
Osmium Suppl. Vol. 1 - 1980
Pd • Palladium 1 (ELement) - 1941
• Palladium 2 (Compounds) - 1942
Pt • PLatinum A 1 (History, Occurrence) - 1938
• PLatinum A 2 (Occurrence) - 1939
• PLatinum A 3 (Preparation of PLatinum Metals) - 1939
• PLatinum A 4 (Detection and Determination of the PLatinum Metals) - 1940
• PLatinum A 5 (ALLoys of PLatinum Metals: Ru, Rh, Pd) - 1949
• PLatinum A 6 (ALLoys of PLatinum Metals : Os, Ir, Pt) - 1951
• PLatinum B 1 (PhysicaL Properties of the Metal) - 1939
• PLatinum B 2 (PhysicaL Properties of the Metal) - 1939
• PLatinum B 3 (ELectrochemicaL Behavior of the Metal) - 1939
• PLatinum B 4 (ELectrochemicaL Behavior and ChemicaL Reactions of the Metal) -
1942
• PLatinum C 1 (Compounds up to PLatinum and Bismuth) - 1939
• PLatinum C 2 (Compounds up to PLatinum and Caesium) - 1940
• PLatinum C 3 (Compounds up to PLatinum and Iridium) - 1940
• PLatinum D (CompLex Compounds of PLatinum with NeutraL Ligands) - 1957
• PLatinum Suppl. Vol. A 1 (TechnoLogy of PLatinum-Group Metals) - 1986
PLatinum SuppL VoL A 2
Rh • Rhodium Main VoLume - 1938
Rhodium SuppL VoL B 1 (Compounds) - 1982
Rhodium Suppl. Vol. B 2 (Coordination Compounds) - 1984
Rhodium SuppL VoL B 3 (Coordination Compounds) - 1984
Ru • Ruthenium Main VoLume - 1938
• Ruthenium SuppL VoL - 1970
• CompLeteLy or 0 partiaLLy in German
Gmelin Handbook
of Inorganic Chemistry
8th Edition
Pt
Platinum
SuppLement VoLume A 2
Platinum-Group Metals :
Isotopes, Atoms, Molecules, Clusters
With 34 illustrations
AUTHORS Esther Selin, Yvette Cauchois, Christiane Senemaud,
Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Universite Pierre et Marie
Curie, Paris
Jean Slaise, Jean-Fran90is Wyart, Laboratoire Aime
Cotton, Centre National de la Recherche SCientifique, Orsay
Helmut Münzel, Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt
Joachim Wagner, Gmelin-Institut, Frankfurt am Main
EDITORS Dieter Koschel, Joachim Wagner, Gmelin-Institut,
Frankfurt am Main
CHIEF EDITOR Dieter Koschel, Gmelin-Institut, Frankfurt am Main
System Number 68
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH 1989
External Authors:
H. Miinzel, Chapter 1, pp. 1/152
J. Blaise, J.-F. Wyart, Chapter 2.1.1, pp. 153/201
2.1.3, pp. 250/4
2.2.2.1, pp. 261/316
E. Betin, Y. Cauchois, C. Senemaud, Chapter 2.1.2, pp. 202/49
LlTERATURE ClOSING DATE: 1986
IN MANY CASES MORE RECENT DATA HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED
library of Congress Catalog Card Number: Agr 25-1383
ISBN 978-3-662-09379-5 ISBN 978-3-662-09377-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-09377-1
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988
Originally published by Springer-Verlag. Berlin· Heidelberg . New York· london . Paris· Tokyo in 1988
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 8th edition 1988
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that such names are exempt Irom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therelore Iree lor general use.
Preface
This volume describes the isotopes, atoms, atomic ions, molecules, and clusters of the
six platinum group elements Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt.
It starts with a compilation of the properties of the isotopes, followed by the description
of the formation and separation of the radioactive isotopes. The chapters on the atoms
and atomic ions deal with the configuration of the outer-shell electrons, manifested by
optical terms and spectra, ionization energy, and electron affinity, as weil as with the energy
levels of the inner-shell electrons, manifested by X-ray spectra and Auger electron spectra.
The last section gives information on the formation and the physical properties of the plati
num group molecules and clusters.
Most of the contributions are written by extern al experts (for details, see the back of
the titte page). One of the authors (Prof. Y. Cauchois) thanks Dr. M. Othmane for his constant
and efficient cooperation in the treatment of the drafts and the checking of the proofs.
Frankfurt am Main, January 1989 Dieter Koschel
XI
0'
Table Contents
Page
1 Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt Isotopes
1.1 Introductory Remarks . . . . .
1.2 Nuclear and Decay Properties 6
1.2.1 General Survey on Masses and Decay Data. 6
Mass and Mass Excess. . . . 6
a Decay. . . . . . . . . . . 8
ß Decay and Electron Capture . 11
Y Rays and X-Rays. . . . . . 16
1.2.2 Chart of Nuclides. . . . . 22
1.2.3 Properties 01 the Nuclides . 29
Introductory Remarks. . . . 29
Properties 01 the Ru Isotopes 32
Properties of Rh Isotopes 44
Properties of Pd Isotopes 63
Properties of Os Isotopes 75
Properties of Ir Isotopes 92
Properties 01 Pt Isotopes 110
1.3 Production and Separation 01 Radioactive Isotopes 01 the Pt Metal Group Ele-
ments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
1.3.1 Nuclear Reactions Used for Isotope Production 126
1.3.2 Separation of Short-Lived Isotopes. 134
Separation by Chemical Methods 136
Separation of Ru Isotopes. 139
Separation of Rh Isotopes. 141
Separation 01 Pd Isotopes. 142
Separation of Os Isotopes. 144
Separation of Ir Isotopes 144
Separation 01 Pt Isotopes . 145
2 Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt Atoms and Atomic Ions 153
2.1 Atoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2.1.1 Ground State, lonization Energy, Optical Spectrum. 153
The Ru Atom . . . . . . . . . 153
Ground State, lonization Energy 153
Optical Spectrum. . . . . . . 154
The Rh Atom . . . . . . . . . 157
Ground State, lonization Energy 157
Optical Spectrum . 157
Levels . . . 157
Spectral Lines . 159
The Pd Atom. . . . 165
Ground State, lonization Energy 165
Optical Spectrum . 165
Levels . . . 165
Spectral Lines . 170