Psychoneuroendocrine Dysfunction PDF
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Psychoneuroendocrine Dysfunction Psychoneuroendocrine Dysfunction Edited by NANDKUMAR S. SHAH, Ph.D.t Director, Ensor Foundation Research Laboratory William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Research Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina and ALEXANDER G. DONALD, M.D. Director, William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute Professor and Chairman, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, South Carolina PLENUM MEDICAL BOOK COMPANY New York and London Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Mental illness - Physiological aspects - Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Neuro endocrinology - Addresses, essays, lectures. 3. Neuropsychiatry - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Shah, Nandkumar S. II. Donald, Alexander G., 1928- . [DNLM: 1. Mental disorders - Physiopathology .2. Neuroregulators - Physiology. 3. Psychophar macology. 4. Mental disorders-Chemically induced. 5. Hypothalamic hormones Physiology. 6. Pituitary hormones-Physiology. WM 100 P98925] RC455.4.B5P78 1983 616.89'07 83-19202 ISBN-13:978-1-4684-4531-2 e-ISBN-13 :978-1-4684-4529-9 DOl: 10 .1 007/978-1-4684-4529-9 © 1984 Plenum Publishing Corporation Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 Plenum Medical Book Company is an imprint of Plenum Publishing Corporation All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher In Memoriam Nandkumar S. Shah (1928-1983) N andkumar S. Shah died on May 23, 1983, at the age of 55. Dr. Shah was Chief of Research Services and Director of the Ensor Research Laboratory at the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute and Research Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine. He had completed the majority of the work involved in the publication of this volume at the time of his death. Dr. Shah, a son of the late Shankarbhai and Parvati Shah, was born in Nandurbar, India. He received his B.S. and M.S. in biochemistry from Poona University, India. He completed his Ph.D. in pharmacology at the University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, in 1965. Dr. Shah was the epitome ofa scholar and an excellent teacher. In addition, he was a superb researcher. He made significant contributions to the medical community of Columbia, South Carolina, through his research and teaching. v vi IN MEMORIAM Through his many publications and presentations at national and international symposia, his work became known worldwide. Dr. Shah's professional career began in 1955 at Poona University and at the Gandhi Memorial Hospital, where he conducted studies on lathyrism. He was later selected by the Atomic Energy Commission to continue his research in clinical biochemistry. He came to the United States in 1961 and studied at the College of Medicine at the University of Florida. On completion of his studies, he joined the staff at the Thudichum Psychiatric Research Laboratory in Galesburg, Illinois, working with the late Dr. Harold Himwich. He subse quently became Chief of the Psychopharmacology Radioisotope Laboratory, conducting studies on biogenic amines and hallucinogens: uptake, distribution, metabolism, and excretions under various conditions. From 1970 to the time of his death, Dr. Shah directed research programs including projects in psychopharmacology, biochemical mechanisms, neuro chemical aspects of developing brain, fetal growth, and drug metabolism at the Hall Institute. At the University of South Carolina School of Medicine he became a Research Professor in Neuropsychiatry in 1975 and an Adjunct Pro fessor in Pharmacology in 1978. He was Adjunct Distinguished Professor in the College of Pharmacy of the University. Through formal lectures, he taught residents and medical students in psychiatry and pharmacology. He directed graduate programs in the Department of Psychology and in the School of Phar macy. Dr. Shah served as a consultant to the Neuroscience Laboratory at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Columbia, South Carolina, and to the Biomedical Research Program at Voorhees College in Denmark, South Carolina. Dr. Shah published over 140 papers related to psychopharmacology and the biological basis of psychiatry in national and international journals. In ad dition, he co-edited two major books entitled Endorphins and Opiate Antag onists in Psychiatric Research: Clinical Implications and GABA Neurotrans mission: Current Developments in Physiology and Neurochemistry. For the last 13 years, Dr. Shah conducted an annual research symposium of international significance on topics of pharmacological interest, under the auspices ofthe William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute. These symposia, over the years, have brought scientists of international stature to Columbia, providing the local scientific, medical, and psychiatric communities with a unique op portunity to personally exchange ideas with these outstanding men. Dr. Shah earned several awards from national and international scientific and pharmaceutical associations: (1) from the American Society for Pharma cology and Experimental Therapeutics (1975-1976); (2) from the National In stitute for General Medical Sciences (1980); (3) from the Deutscher Akadem ischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service) to work at Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, West Germany, in psychoneuroen docrinology (1983); and (4) the Director's Award, from the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute. He was listed in The Marquis Who's Who, Who's Who in the Biomedical Sciences, and the International Directory of Investigators in IN MEMORIAM vii Psychopharmacology published by the World Health Organization and the Na tional Institute of Mental Health. He was also a member of the Ad Hoc Com mittee of the NASA Biochemical Research Program in space and an editor/ advisor for several professional journals. Dr. Shah was strongly attached to his family. He had affection for his brothers, nephews, and nieces, helping to guide and shape their careers and financing their education when needed. Neeta, his wife of 22 years, is a re markable person who shared his experiences, successes, and disappointments. His daughter shares her father's love of science and is pursuing a career in medicine. Dr. Shah was an excellent teacher, an internationally known researcher, a humane colleague, and a gentleman who is missed by all. In June, 1983, when he was selected as the first recipient (posthumously) of the Director's Award of the William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute for the most significant contribution to its mission and purpose during the preceding year, Dr. Shah was described as "always interested in and willing to help students ... the epitome of the scholar and the teacher-an extremely diligent and hard-working faculty mem ber who set a high standard of excellence for students in all disciplines." This volume is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Dr. Nandkumar S. Shah in appreciation of his accomplishments and his compassion for his fellow man. Alexander G. Donald Contributors ALESSANDRO AGNOLI • I Clinica Neurologica, University of Rome, Rome, Italy SYED I. ALI • Department of Research, Illinois State Psychiatric Institute, Chicago, Illinois ARNOLD E. ANDERSEN • Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland MASSIMO BALDASSARRE • Clinica Neurologica, University of L'Aquila, L'A quila, Italy TOMMASO BARRECA • Istituto Scientifico di Medicina Interna, Cattedra di Pa tologia Medica, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy MATHIAS BERGER • Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie, Munich, FRG LLOYD A. BING • Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Health Re search, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. FRANCESCA BRAMBILLA • Ospedale Psichiatrico Paolo Pini, Milano Affori, Italy GREGORY M. BROWN • Department of Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada WALTER ARMIN BROWN • Neuroendocrine Research Program, Providence Vet erans Administration Medical Center, and Department of Psychiatry, Brown U ni versity, Providence, Rhode Island SHIRLEY L. BUCHANAN • Neuroscience Laboratory, Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans' Hospital, and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina EARL A. BURCH • William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, and Department of Neu ropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Med icine, Columbia, South Carolina REGINA CASPER • Department of Research, Illinois State Psychiatric Institute, Chicago, Illinois, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illnois ix x CONTRIBUTORS DANIELA COCCHI • Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy DAVID H. COY • Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana PIER GIORGIO CROSIGNANI • II Department of Medicine, Fatebenefretelli Hos pital, and IV Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy JOHN M. DAVIS • Department of Research, Illinois State Psychiatric Institute, Chi cago, Illinois, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Med icine, Chicago, Illinois GIACOMO D'ELIA • Department of Psychiatry, University of Linkoping, Link6p ing, Sweden ALESSANDRO DENARO • Department of Neurology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy PETER DOERR • Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie, Munich, FRG ALEXANDER G. DONALD • William S. Hall Psychiatric Institute and Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina RAYMON DURSO • Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Med icine, Boston, Massachusetts ROSARIA D'URSO • V Clinic a Medica, University of Rome, Rome, Italy H. M. EMRICH • Max-Planck-Institut fUr Psychiatrie, Munich, FRG IRL EXTEIN • Falkirk Hospital, Central Valley, New York FABIO FACCHINETTI • Cattedra di Patologia Ostetrica-Ginecologica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy PAOLO FALASCHI • V Clinica Medica, University of Rome, Rome, Italy CARLO FERRARI • II Department of Medicine, Fatebenefretelli Hospital, and IV Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy SVEND-ono FREDERIKSEN • Department of Psychiatry, University of Link6p ing, Link6ping, Sweden WILLIAM J. FREED • Adult Psychiatry Branch, Division of Special Mental Health Research, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. ANDREA GENAZZANI • Cattedra di Patologia Ostetrica-Ginecologica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy ROBERT H. GERNER • University of California, Irvine, California, and Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital, Long Beach, California G. L. GESSA • Institute of Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy CONTRIBUTORS xi MARK S. GOLD • Research Facilities, and Psychiatric Diagnostic Laboratories of America, Fair Oaks Hospital, Summit, New Jersey, and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut EVA GROF • Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada PAUL GROF • Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, and Hamilton Psy chiatric Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada HARRY E. GWIRTSMAN • National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland NOBORU HATOTANI • Department of Psychiatry, Mie University School of Med icine, Tsu, Mie, Japan ABBA J. KASTIN • Veterans Administration Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana STANLEY R. KAY • Bronx Psychiatric Center and Albert Einstein College of Med icine, New York, New York ISAO KITAYAMA • Department of Psychiatry, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan IRWIN J. KOPIN • Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland N. M. KURTZ • Clinical Investigation Unit, Sepulveda Veterans Administration Hos pital, and Department of Psychiatry, University of California at Los Angeles, Se pulveda, California S. LAL • Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Montreal General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada IOANA LANCRANJAN • Department of Clinical Research, Sandoz Ltd., Basel, Switzerland J. J. LEGROS • Neuroendocrinology Section, CHU University of Liege, Liege, Belgium VITTORIO LOCATELLI • Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Uni versity of Milan, Milan, Italy PETER T. LOOSEN • Clinical Research Unit, Dorothea Dix Hospital, Raleigh, North Carolina JOSEPH B. MARTIN • Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts NICOLA MARTUCCI • Clinic a Neurologica, University of L' Aquila, L' Aquila, Italy ANNA MARIA MATTEI • II Department of Medicine, Fatebenefretelli Hospital, and IV Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy JULIEN MENDLEWICZ • Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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