Psychology of Health and Fitness: Applications for Behavior Change PDF
Preview Psychology of Health and Fitness: Applications for Behavior Change
2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page i Psychology of Health and Fitness Barbara A. Brehm, EdD Professor Department of Exercise and Sport Studies Smith College Northampton, MA 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page ii F.A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2014 by F.A. Davis Company Copyright © 2014 by F.A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This product is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher:Quincy McDonald Manager of Content Development: George Lang Developmental Editor:Joanna Cain Art and Design Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brehm, Barbara A. Psychology of health and fitness / Barbara A. Brehm, EdD, professor, Department of Exercise and Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8036-2827-4 1.Clinical health psychology. 2. Health attitudes. 3. Physical fitness—Psychological aspects. 4.Behavior modification. I. Title. R726.7.B74 2014 613.7—dc23 2013045758 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F.A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is: 978-0-8036-2827-4/14 0 + $.25. 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page iii For my parents, Lois Williams Brehm and Carl T. Brehm, in memoriam, with gratitude for encouraging me to follow a path with a heart. On ne voit bien qu’avec le cœur. L’essentiel est invisible pour les yeux. (It is only with the heart that one can see rightly; what is essential is invisible to the eye.) Antoine de Saint-Exupéry Le Petit Prince iii 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page iv . . . 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Unbound Medicine® Access hundreds of detailed monographs. www.fADavis.com 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page v Preface The influence of lifestyle behaviors on health is inter- hundreds of students and professionals who have esting and relevant for every individual, whether one sought to better understand exercise adherence and takes a public-health perspective focused on the pre- other applications of health and exercise psychology vention of chronic illness for the majority of citizens or and behavior change theory. As a group exercise in- a personal perspective while pondering what to have structor, personal trainer, lifestyle coach, and fitness for lunch. It has become clear over the past 50 years program director, I have coached hundreds of clients that behavior and health are inseparably entwined. Re- to adopt new behaviors and resolutions and been in- search supports the notion that the way people live spired by the effort and strategies they bring to the their lives, including their activity levels, eating habits, behavior-change process. stress-management practices, and substance-use habits, Many students in the allied health sciences and in strongly influences their likelihood of developing many exercise science fields study health and exercise psy- of the most-common health problems. Scientists have chology for their degrees and for their work. The more discovered which lifestyle behaviors generally serve to we learn about health, the more experts agree that an prevent chronic illness and injury, as well as to opti- interdisciplinary approach yields the best understand- mize quality of life on a daily basis. In fact, most people ing about topics in health and health behavior. Health have a rough idea of what they should eat and how psychology helps clinicians figure out what makes much they should exercise, and they know they should their patients sick and clients tick. Exercise psychology drink less alcohol or quit smoking. What is the final provides fascinating knowledge about the psychophys- frontier in public health and medical care? Motivating iological benefits of physical activity and the many fac- and guiding people to do what they already know they tors related to exercise adherence. This text draws from should do. both fields to create an applied psychology perspective I have been fascinated with health and exercise psy- most helpful for understanding health behavior. chology since I designed my first health behavior Health and fitness professionals recommend lifestyle course in the Department of Exercise and Sport Studies change to prevent and treat illness and injury. Profes- at Smith College in 1985. In that same year, I started sionals need to know not only which lifestyle changes writing articles featuring concepts in applied exercise to recommend but also how to communicate these science for health and fitness professionals, translating recommendations to patients in ways that are under- scientific research into more-accessible language. Since standable and that motivate patients to follow them. that time, I have had the pleasure of working with For example, exercise science students hoping to work v 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page vi vi as health and fitness professionals need more than variables are more difficult to “see” than physical knowledge of exercise physiology to help their clients characteristics such as muscle strength, blood pressure, design effective lifestyle interventions for disease pre- or body composition. Psychologists must go to great vention and the promotion of optimal health. Students lengths to define and manipulate variables to establish studying athletic training or physical therapy must relationships among the many intangible factors that acquire not only knowledge and skills in the assess- explain behavior. Many students have a hard time ment and treatment of injury and illness but also the visualizing the complex psychological models of behavioral-counseling skills that enable them to con- behavior. They respond more readily to an instruc- nect with their patients. This connection is essential to tional approach that links theory and application. Stu- better understand the patient’s medical needs and then dents learn more from textbooks that stimulate their design and deliver treatment recommendations in interest while presenting theoretical explanations. ways most likely to lead to successful engagement This applied health and fitness psychology textbook in the rehabilitation program. Coaching education stu- not only teaches students about the current theories dents must be masters not only of their sport in terms in health psychology and exercise psychology, but it of teaching motor skills and playing strategy and struc- also anchors this learning in real-life application. This turing effective conditioning and training programs link to application engages students more deeply in but also of motivating their athletes to train for peak learning and increases the depth of their understand- performance. ing, as well as their effectiveness in their future lives Psychology texts can be difficult reading for some and work. students whose primary interests are the physical Barbara A. Brehm sciences. Such students often find that psychological 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page vii Contributors Elizabeth Yasser Barnett, MS Kelly Coffey Doctoral student Personal Trainer Harvard School of Public Health Strong Coffey Personal Training Boston, MA Northampton, MA Kristina Bell Mike Durham, BSSW, LSW, LICDC Research Assistant, Department of Psychology Substance Abuse Counselor and Educator Fort Lewis College Kenyon College Durango, CO Gambier, OH Brent Bode, MS, CSCS Sarah Keyes, MSW Head Coach, Youth Competitive Rowing Post-Graduate Fellow Community Rowing Inc., Boston Cambridge Health Alliance Brighton, MA Cambridge, MA Brian Burke, PhD Ashley Niles, MAT Associate Professor of Psychology Wilderness Therapy Guide Fort Lewis College Pacific Quest Durango, CO Big Island, HI Abigail Clarke, CYT 500 John O’Sullivan, PT, OCS, ATC Certified Embodyoga®Teacher Physical Therapist Yoga Center Amherst Valley Medical Group Amherst, MA Florence, MA vii 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page viii viii Helene M. Parker, ACSM-CPT Tom Stabile, MA, CSCS Personal Trainer and Research Assistant ACE Certified Personal Trainer Smith College ACSM Certified Clinical Exercise Specialist Northampton, MA Stability Fitness Mount Vernon, OH Rosalie Peri, RN NSCA Certified Personal Trainer Fluid Motion Pilates and Yoga Studio Haydenville, MA Sharon R. Sears, PhD Associate Professor of Psychology Licensed Clinical Psychologist Fort Lewis College Durango, CO 2827_FM_i-xx 09/01/14 4:55 PM Page ix Health Psychology at Work Contributors CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 4 Elizabeth Yasser Barnett, MS Brian L. Burke, PhD Doctoral student Associate Professor of Psychology Harvard School of Public Health Fort Lewis College Boston, MA Durango, CO CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 5 Tom Stabile, MA, CSCS Sarah Keyes, MSW ACE Certified Personal Trainer Post-Graduate Fellow ACSM Certified Clinical Exercise Specialist Cambridge Health Alliance Stability Fitness Cambridge, MA Mount Vernon, OH CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 3 Abigail Clarke, CYT 500 Rosalie Peri, RN Certified Embodyoga®Teacher NSCA Certified Personal Trainer Yoga Center Amherst Fluid Motion Pilates and Yoga Studio Amherst, MA Haydenville, MA ix
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