Psychology Applied to Work

577 Pages·2005·11.07 MB·English

by  Paul M. Muchinsky

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Eighth Edition
Psychology
to
Applied Work
An Introduction
to Industrial and
Organizational
Psychology
Paul M. Muchinsky
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Australia • Brazil • Canada • Mexico • Singapore
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Psychology Applied to Work, Eighth Edition
Paul M. Muchinsky
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herein under license. View, CA 94043 fromHandbook of Industrial and Organizational
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To my students
In gratitude for all that I learned from you
About the Author
Paul M. Muchinsky was born and raised in Connecticut. He received his B.A. degree in
psychology from Gettysburg College, his M.S. degree in psychology from Kansas State
University, and his Ph.D. degree in industrial/organizational psychology from Purdue
University. He was a faculty member of Iowa State University for twenty years. In 1993
he was appointed theJoseph M. Bryan Distinguished Professor of Business at The Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Greensboro. In 2004 Dr. Muchinsky was the inaugural
recipient of the Distinguished Teaching Contribution Award from the Society for In-
dustrial and OrganizationalPsychologyforhisoutstandingeducationalcontributionsto
thefield.Throughout his career, Dr. Muchinsky has been very active in a wide range
ofprofessional activities withinthefieldofindustrial/organizationalpsychology.Many
ofthecasesandexamples ofconceptspresentedinthisbookcomedirectlyfromhispro-
fessionalexperiences.Whennot engaged as an I/O psychologist, Dr. Muchinsky fanta-
sizes about playing baseball for the New York Yankees.
Brief Contents
1 The Historical Background of I/O Psychology 1
2 Research Methods in I/O Psychology 22
3 Criteria: Standards for Decision Making 56
4 Predictors: Psychological Assessments 90
5 Personnel Decisions 138
6 Organizational Learning 181
7 Performance Management 213
8 Organizations and Organizational Change 248
9 Teams and Teamwork 284
10 Organizational Attitudes and Behavior 312
11 Occupational Health 344
12 Work Motivation 380
13 Leadership 419
14 Union/Management Relations 448
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Contents
Chapter 1 The Historical Background of I/O Psychology 1
Industrial/Organizational Psychology 2
Fields of I/O Psychology 4
Licensing of Psychologists 5
The History of I/O Psychology 6
The Early Years (1900–1916) 6
World War I (1917–1918) 9
Between the Wars (1919–1940) 11
World War II (1941–1945) 13
Toward Specialization (1946–1963) 14
Government Intervention (1964–1993) 14
The Information Age (1994–Present) 16
Overview 17
The Changing Nature of Work: I/O Psychology and 9/11/01 18
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology 19
The Mandate of I/O Psychology 20
Chapter Summary 21
Web Resources 21
Chapter 2 Research Methods in I/O Psychology 22
The Empirical Research Process 23
Statement of the Problem 23
Design of the Research Study 25
Primary Research Methods 26
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-Cultural Research 29
Secondary Research Methods 30
Qualitative Research 32
Measurement of Variables 34
Analysis of Data 35
Conclusions from Research 45
Field Note 1: Researcher As Detective 47
Ethical Issues in Research 47
Research in Industry 49
The Changing Nature of Work: Genetic Research 50
Field Note 2: An Ethical Dilemma 51
Field Note 3: Win the Battle but Lose the War 53
Case Study
■ How Should I Study This? 54
Chapter Summary 55
Web Resources 55