Psychology and the Legal System

483 Pages·2019·15.579 MB·English

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
70879_end02_ptg01_hires.indd 1 23/01/18 5:22 PM
NINTH EdITIoN
WrIgHTSmaN’S
PSycHology
aNd THE lEgal SySTEm
EDIE GREENE
University of Colorado Colorado Springs
KIRK HEILBRUN
Drexel University
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Wrightsman’s Psychology and The Legal © 2019, 2014 Cengage Learning, Inc.
System, Ninth Edition
Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
Edie Greene and Kirk Heilbrun
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Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2018
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Dedications
To my siblings
Richard, Nancy, and Jim
How fortunate we are
-EG
To Olivia Marian Catizone
Long may you run
-KH
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
70879_fm_ptg01_i-xviii.indd 3 31/01/18 6:01 PM
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Brief contents
Preface xiii
about the authors xvii
1 Psychology and the law: choices and roles 1
2 The legal System: Issues, Structure, and Players 25
3 Psychology of crime 45
4 Psychology of Police 71
5 Eyewitnesses to crimes and accidents 98
6 Psychology of Victims of crime and Violence 123
7 Evaluating criminal Suspects 153
8 Traditional Prosecutions: arrest, Bail, Plea Bargain and Settlement,
and Trial 180
9 alternatives to Traditional Prosecution 204
10 Forensic assessment in Juvenile and criminal cases 220
11 Forensic assessment in civil cases 248
12 Preparing for Trials 274
13 Jurors and Juries 301
14 Punishment and Sentencing 326
15 Juvenile and adult corrections 353
glossary 379
references 389
Name Index 430
Subject Index 444
v
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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contents
Preface xiii CHaptER 2
about the authors xvii the Legal System: Issues, Structure,
and players 25
CHaptER 1
The adversarial System 26
psychology and the Law:
legality versus morality 27
Choices and Roles 1
Citizens’ Sense of Legality and Morality 28
The Importance of laws 2 BOX 2.1: The Case of a Duped Would-Be Offender 29
Laws as Human Creations 2 What Is Justice? 30
Laws Help Resolve Conflict and Protect the
Distributive and Procedural Justice 30
Public 3
Commonsense Justice: Everyday Intuitions about
The Changing of Laws 3
Fairness 32
The Psychological Study of law 4
courts 33
Basic choices in the Psychological Study of the law 5
State Courts 34
The First Choice: Rights of Individuals versus the Federal Courts 34
Common Good 5 The U.S. Supreme Court 34
BOX 1.1: The “Unite the Right” Rally in Charlottesville and BOX 2.2: The Case of Violent Video Games and Minors’
the Speech Rights of White Supremacists 7 Free Speech Rights 35
The Second Choice: Equality versus Discretion 8 Players in the legal System: Judges 35
BOX 1.2: The Case of Evan Miller: Life Sentences for How Are Judges Selected? 35
Juvenile Offenders Are Excessive Punishment 11
Influences on Judicial Judgments 36
BOX 1.3: The Case of Troy Davis and a Parole Board’s How Do Judges Decide? 37
Discretion 12 Players in the legal System: lawyers 38
The Third Choice: To Discover the Truth or to Lawyers’ Work Settings 38
Resolve Conflicts 13
BOX 2.3: The Case of Clarence Gideon, His Famous
The Fourth Choice: Science versus the Law as a
Pauper’s Plea, and the Right to an Attorney 39
Source of Decisions 15
Law Schools and Legal Education 40
Psychologists’ roles in the law 17
Professional Satisfaction among Lawyers 41
BOX 1.4: The Case of Tatiana Tarasoff: The Duty to How Do Lawyers Make Professional Decisions? 42
Protect 18
Summary 43
The Psychologist as a Basic Scientist of the Law 19
Key Terms 44
The Psychologist as an Applied Scientist in the
Law 19
The Psychologist as a Policy Evaluator in the CHaptER 3
Law 21 psychology of Crime 45
The Psychologist as a Forensic Evaluator in
Litigation 21 offending in the United States 46
The Psychologist as a Consultant in Litigation 22
Serious Offending 46
Summary 23
School Violence 47
Key Terms 24 Mass Killings in Public Places 49
vii
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203
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