Psychology and Human Performance in Space Programs: Research at the Frontier

332 Pages·2020·8.195 MB·English

by  Lauren Blackwell Landon (editor), Kelley J. Slack (editor), Eduardo Salas (editor)

Psychology and Human
Performance in Space
Programs

Psychology and Human
Performance in Space
Programs
Research at the Frontier
Edited by
Lauren Blackwell Landon, Kelley J. Slack, and
Eduardo Salas
First edition published 2021
by CRC Press
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and by CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Landon, Lauren Blackwell, editor. | Slack, Kelley J., editor. |
Salas, Eduardo, editor.
Title: Psychology and human performance in space programs / edited by
Lauren Blackwell Landon, Kelley J. Slack, Eduardo Salas.
Description: 1st edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020. | Includes
bibliographical references and index. | Contents: volume 1. Research at
the frontier — volume 2. Extreme application.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020026901 (print) | LCCN 2020026902 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138339866 (volume 1 ; hbk) | ISBN 9781138339880 (volume 2 ; hbk) |
ISBN 9780429440854 (volume 2 ; ebk) | ISBN 9780429440878 (volume 1 ; ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: Astronautics—Human factors.
Classification: LCC TL1500 .P885 2020 (print) | LCC TL1500 (ebook) |
DDC 629.45001/9—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026901
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020026902
ISBN: 9781138339866 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780429440878 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
“For my colleagues at NASA and beyond, from whom
I am constantly learning. And always, for my family,
who supports me in doing challenging and meaningful
work.”—Lauren Blackwell Landon, PhD
“For the BHP group at Johnson Space Center, and in
particular for the women of OpPsy who work tirelessly
to support our astronauts.”—Kelley J. Slack, PhD
“To my countless ‘team science teammates’ who have
made the journey (so far) impactful, fulfilling and
fun—my gratitude and admiration!”—Eduardo Salas, PhD

Contents
Foreword ...................................................................................................................ix
Preface....................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................xxi
Editors ..................................................................................................................xxiii
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xxv
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................xxxi
Chapter 1 Physical Hazards of Space Exploration and the Biological Bases
of Behavioral Health and Performance in Extreme Environments ......1
Julia M. Schorn and Peter G. Roma
Chapter 2 Spaceflight Research on the Ground: Managing Analogs for
Behavioral Health Research ...............................................................23
Ronita L. Cromwell and Joseph Neigut
Chapter 3 Special Considerations for Conducting Research in
Mission-Simulation Analog Environments: Challenges,
Solutions, and What Is Needed ..........................................................47
Suzanne T. Bell, Peter G. Roma, and Bryan J. Caldwell
Chapter 4 Research in Extreme Real-World Environments: Challenges for
Spaceflight Operations .......................................................................67
James E. Driskell, Eduardo Salas, and Tripp Driskell
Chapter 5 Technological Advances to Understand and Improve Individual
and Team Resilience in Extreme Environments ................................87
Sadaf Kazi, Salar Khaleghzadegan, and Michael A. Rosen
Chapter 6 Computational Modeling of Long-Distance Space Exploration:
A Guide to Predictive and Prescriptive Approaches to the
Dynamics of Team Composition ......................................................107
Brennan Antone, Alina Lungeanu, Suzanne T. Bell,
Leslie A. DeChurch, and Noshir Contractor
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 7 Training Principles for Declarative and Procedural Tasks ..............131
James A. Kole, Alice F. Healy, Vivian I. Schneider, and
Immanuel Barshi
Chapter 8 Team Adaptation and Resilience: Where the Literature
Currently Stands and How It Applies to Long-Duration
Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Contexts .......................................151
M. Travis Maynard, Deanna M. Kennedy, Scott I. Tannenbaum,
John E. Mathieu, and Jamie Levy
Chapter 9 Toward an Understanding of Training Requirements for
Multicultural Teams in Long-Duration Spaceflight .........................171
C. Shawn Burke, Justine Moavero, and Jennifer Feitosa
Chapter 10 Teamwork in Space Exploration .......................................................195
Jensine Paoletti, Molly P. Kilcullen, and Eduardo Salas
Chapter 11 Extreme Roommates: Exploring Group-Living Skills as a
Unique Team Skill Area ...................................................................217
Lauren Blackwell Landon and Jensine Paoletti
Chapter 12 Supporting Spaceflight Multiteam Systems throughout
Long-Duration Exploration Missions: A Countermeasure Toolkit .......237
Jacob G. Pendergraft, Dorothy R. Carter, Hayley M. Trainer,
Justin M. Jones, Aaron Schecter, Marissa L. Shuffler,
Leslie A. DeChurch, and Noshir S. Contractor
Chapter 13 Human Interaction with Space-Based Systems ................................259
Kritina Holden, Jessica J. Marquez, Gordon Vos, and
E. Vincent Cross II
Index ......................................................................................................................295
Foreword
Psych/Human Factors Visions for Moon/Mars:
What the Future Holds for Those Embarking on a Long-Duration
Mission Far from Home
Clayton C. Anderson, retired astronaut (February 1, 2019)
In my professional lifetime, I spent 15 years as an engineer and 15 as an astronaut.
Every single year of those three decades was with NASA at the Johnson Space Center.
Having risen through “the ranks” of the center and her hierarchy from the early age
of 24 (I had a master’s degree in aerospace engineering from Iowa State University),
I would learn many lessons that would apply later in my career… e specially during
the time I spent as an astronaut. Knowing the way different organizations and their
management thought, and what they considered truly important (and maybe more
critical, what they thought was not important) became keys to my being able to
adapt in a NASA-world focused way more on technology and its capabilities than the
talented personalities who generated that technology. I would also figure out (even-
tually) there is a bit of a “game” that must be played if you wanted to be successful.
My ability to influence contentious scenarios, rife with flawed communicators and
unbending individuals, in an ever-conscious effort to produce “win-win” scenarios,
became a must for my survival and facilitated my rising to the role of a flown-in-
space astronaut. These types of skills are going to matter greatly as we move from
our low-earth orbital perspective to one that will eventually become the viewpoint
of interplanetary travelers.
To date, our country has accomplished some marvelous things. We have landed
humans on the Moon and returned them safely to Earth. We have sent probes to the
outermost reaches of our solar system, with Voyager 1 and 2 now sailing far beyond
the orbit of Pluto, our furthest planet (and it’s not a dwarf!). Only recently, NASA’s
New Horizons spacecraft returned data and photographs from a snowman-shaped
asteroid dubbed Ultima Thule (a Latin phrase meaning “a place beyond the known
world”), more than 4 billion miles from our sun. And of course, we cannot forget to
mention my home for more than 5 months (or stated more accurately 151 days, 18
hours, 23 minutes, and 14 seconds), the International Space Station. Sailing about
our planet once every 90 minutes, it has been doing so – with humans aboard –
since the year 2000. Imagine for a moment, that there are young people today, who
have never known a time when there WEREN’T humans living and working in
outer space!
I cannot believe I was a small part of those accomplishments. As a young NASA
engineer, I helped devise space shuttle trajectories that enabled us to send the Galileo
probe to Jupiter, the Magellan probe to Venus, and the Ulysses probe to visit our Sun.
I was on a team that used the space shuttles to deploy satellites into geosynchronous
orbits to monitor and protect our planet, satellites that are still performing their roles
today.
ix