Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students PDF
Preview Psycholinguistics: A Resource Book for Students
.�•..- :.'�.', PSVCHOLlNGUISTICS RoutlEendggleLi asnhg uIangter oduccotviceoornra ser eoaflsa ngusatguaedn yad r e one-srteospo ufrocsret su dents. Assumnionp gr ikonro wlebdogoeki,snt hsee roiffeesar n a ccessibloef t ohvee rview subjweicttah,c v tiitisteusqd,uy e stcioomnemsn,t aarnidke esry e adi-naglislnt he samveo luTmheie.n novaatnifldve ex i'btlweo -dimesntsriuocintbsauu lri'ael r to und fours ect-iionntsr odudcetvieolno,p ment, anedex xptleonr-sawithoiinoco nhff er se-lcfontasitnafgeoreds s t uEdayc.th o pciacan l sor ebaaedc rtohsesss eec teinoanbsl,i ng three adteobr u ild groantd hukean lolwyl egdagien ed. Psyolc nihgius:t ics o iasc ompreheinnstirvoed utcopt siyocnh oilsittnihgceu ory o covetrhcseo raer eoafps s hyoclinguliasntgiuacasasgh :eu maant trilbauntgeu,a ge antdh ber avionc,a busltaorrayan gdue s el,a nguaangmdee mortyh,feo u rs kills (writrienagd,i ng, slpikesniatg)ec,no imnpgr,e helnasnigouinam,gp ea iramnedn t deprivation o drawosna r anogfer etaelx ,dt astaan dex ampilnecsl,u adR iandgiF oo uirn ter vieawne, s swaryi tbtyae nd weraift ert,ht era annds ocfart ihpetrs aepsysa idodnr ess insgt uttering o provcildaersses aidcbi ynk gesy nianmt ehdsei sciipnlcilnueAd,ii tncgh Diesaocno,n , LogiLeev,e alntdB ishop. Thea ccoamnpyiwnegb spirtoev iwdeibnlgi annkdes x trreas oufrorcl eesc turers, teachaenrdss t udecnatnbs e f ounda th ttp://www.routledge.com/textbooks/ psycholinguistics Writbtyea nne xperiteenaccethdhe aircs,c estseixobtolbikeas n e ssenrteisaolufor r ce alslt udeonfEt nsg lliasnhg ulaigneg,u ainsdt ipcssy chology. JohFni elledc taunrwder si tonep ss ycholinwgiutsihps etcriieecafrsle, n tcole a nguage procesHsirisen sge.ia nrtcehlr ieesfi trisasn nt sd e colnadn gulaigset eHnehi anwsgo .r ked inm anpya rotfts h weo rladn dcu rretnetalcyah tKe isn Cgosl lLeogned oHnei. ts h e authoofPr s yoclghiunisTthiKece sCy:o cnep(tRso utlfeordtghec,o mainndagr )a nge ofs kiblalsse d languamgaet etreiaaclhsi.n g SerEideist Poert:Se tro ck.w ell SeriCeonss ulRtoannatCl:ad r ter I I PSVCHOLINGUISTICS ROUTLEDGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTRODUCTIONS SERIESE DITOR:P ETERS TOCKWELL PetSetro ckwiesSll e niLoerc tuirnte hrSe c hooofEl n glSitsuhd aitte hsUe n iversity A resourcbeo okf ors tudents ofN ottingUhKa,wm h,e rhei si nteriensctlsus doec iolinsgtuyilsitasintcdis c,s cogniptoievteHi icrsse .c epnutb liciantciloCunodsgei n tiPvoee tAinIc nst:dr uoction (Routl2e0d0g2Te)h,P,e o etoifc Ssc FiiecntIcineov ne,s tEinggalLtiaisnnhgg u (awgiet h HowarJda scokna)n,dC otnexatluiSzyteldi s(teiidtcewsdi tTho nBye x aMnidc hael Bur)k.e JOHN FIELD SERIESC ONSULTANT:R ONALD CARTER RonalCda rtiesr e PsrsoooffMr o deEmn glLiasnhg uiantg heSe c hooofEl n glSitsuhd ies att hUen iverosfNi ottyt ingUhKa.Hm e,i st hceo s-ereideisto oftr h feor thcoming RotuleAdpglpei Leidn gusiesrtiiecsse, d istoeofIrr in etasec rfaen,dw asc oo-ufndoefr thReo utlIendgtee sretreixets . OTHER TITLIENST HE SERIES: Sociolinguistics PeteSrt ockwell Pragmatiacnsd D iscourse JoanC utting Grammara ndV ocabulary HowarJda ckson FORTHCOMING: WorldE nglishes JennifJeern kins Phonetiacnsd P honology BeverlCeoyl li&n Isn geMre es ChilLda nguage JeanS tilwPeelclc ei Stylistics i��� o�J��n�f{�up PauSli mpson LONDOANN DN EWY ORK HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Firpsutb lis2h0e0db3 y R outledge 2 ParSkq uarMei,l tPoanr Akb,i ngdOoxno,nO ,X 144 RN Simultanepouubslliysi hnt ehdeU S Aa ndC anada byR outledge TheR outlEendggleLi asnhg uIangter oduacrt'eif olnesx it-htayetox uct asun's teo 270M adisAovne N,e wY orNkY, 1 0016 suyiotu orw ns tyolfse t udTyh.eb ooksd iavrieid netfdoou rs ections: Reprinwtietcdho rrec2t0i0o4n s Reprin2t0e0d6 A Introdu-csteiotousntt h kee cyo ncefportt hsae r eoafs tudTyh.eu nits of this Routliesad ngi em proiftn htTe a y&l oFrr anGcriosu p secttiaokyneo sut ep-btyh-rsottuehgpfeh ou ndatitoenramlsi daenpadrs o,v iydoiun g © 200J3o hFni eld witahni nitialf oytroo uoorlw knsi ttu dByyt. h een d tohsfee ctyioowuni ,l l ah ave gooodv ervoifte hwe wfhioelled . Typesien1t0 /12.M5ipnti boynG raphiLcirmaifttHe odn,gK ong Prinatneddb ounidnG reaBtr itbayiT nJI nternaPtaidosntaoClwo,,r nwall B Develop-maedndttso y oukrn owleadngede x tetnhdkese iyd eaalsr eiandtyr o Alrli ghrtess erNvoep da.r otft hibso omka yb er eprionrt ed duced. Utnhsiietscs t piironon v idiel lduasttaarn aa rteoiafin ngt ewrietshttih mnea in reproduocrue tdi liinsa endyf orm boyar n ye lectrmoencihca,n ical, topaincdu, s iett oe xpaynodu urn derstoafnt dhtieon gpa isac w holBeyt. h een d oro themre ansn,o wk nowonr h ereaifntveern tiendc,l uding photocopaynidrn egc ordoirin nag ,n yi nformasttioornao gre oft hsee ctyioouwn i,l l ahm aovriee nd -epgtrha osftp h teo paincwd i lbler eatdoy retriseyvsatlew mi,t hopuetr misisniw orni tfirnogtm h ep ublishers. underytoaukorew ne pxloraatnitdoh ni nking. BritLiisbhrC aartya loignPu uibnlgi cDaattiao n C Exploratpiroonv ifduretshd earta an d ifsorsr ueeflse catnidlo ena,yd osui nto A catalorgeuceof rodtr h ibso oiksa vailfarboltmeh eB ritLiisbhr ary - youorw ne xploroaftt hifeoi ne Tlhde. uinnit thsis se ctairomeno roep en-ended LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loignPi unbgl icDaattiao n andex ploraantydoo rwuyi ,bl ele ncourtaotg reyd yoouuitrd eaanstd o t hilnikak e ISBN0 -415-2759(9h-b7k ) psycholinguist. ISBN0 -415-276(0p0b-k4) D Exte-nosfieforynso u cthhaen tcoee x teynoduk rn owlewdigtkehe rye adiinng s thaer eTah.e sarete a kfeornm t hweo rokf i mporwtrainttie ntr hsfe i ealnddh ave beecnh osbeenc atuhseeay r aec cestsoi brlaee a dwehroi sn ewt ot hset udofy Psycholinguistics. Youc arne atdh biso olki ake tradtietxiotoobnk'a vle rtisctarlatlihygr'ho tuf orgmh begintnoie nngd . wTihlils y toautk her ouarg ahn ogfe topaic cysc lobinac sails . HowevtehrRe,o utlEendggleLi asnhg uIangter oduhcatvbieeo encnsa refudlelsyi gned sot hayto uc arne atdh eimna notdhiemre ns'ihoonr,i lzloaync'tr aothsnesu mbered uniUtnsi.t Al correspondBsI C,il n aDtnIodU,p n iict t toAUo 2n iUtnsCi 2tB s2 , andD 2. Reaforde ixnagm,p le,A 4BU,4n C,i4 ta sn d D45 wyiolul rtafrapokimed ly basciocn ceopfht osww ordasrs et ormeedn tatloal l ye veelx toefn ksniovewedl ge. Iyfo uh avaep articulairna nioynf tt hetero epscitoc vse ryeodum, a yw isthos tudy iitn t hwiasy O.ry oum ayw isthou steh e wbhooollkei tkhei asi,m ifnorgi ne-pdth coveroanag t eo pic-bbya-stAiossap .s i ucb jPescytc,h olinflagluisin stdtoii sctsi nct, cleadrelmya rcaarteesadosa ', h orizaopnptraolia'sc hc ertoapitniloyn .a n Theg lossatat rhyee n dt;o getwhietsrhu ggesftoifuror ntshr eera diinne ga ch SectDi ounn wiitlh,le ltpok eeypo uo rienEtaecdth.e x otobki nt hisse rhiaess a supporwteibnsgi te wciotmhm eenxttsaruragy g,e satdidointsim,oa ntaelra inadl s suppfoorrt te acahnedrs st udents. vi HOW TO USE THISB OOK HOW TO USE THISB OOK vii PSYCHOLlNGIUSTICS FinaSlelcytD,i o offenr rse adfrionmgs sp eciwarliritsMse.ot s atr der awfrno mb ooks; af eaw rpea pefrrosmp sychojloougrynT ahleps a.s shaagvebese eanb ridbguestdh ,o uld Psycholinhganusoi htsi tsitcloslr byie ceaanne asy taosr teuadI yth. ai st 'sl inguistic givyeo uafl avooufhr o wt heoarnydr eseaarrpcerh e seinnpt seydc lhion guiAs tics. psychoblroagnywc'hh e,rd ei scuisossf itocenln o sleilnykt eodd e taoifCl hso mskyan glospsraorvyi des ognau nicydo amnpclteee xr minoordl eongasyre g umenwthaitciho n theoArnydi. ht aist 'spy scholooflg ayn gubargaen'wc hhi csho metidmeemsa nad s maya rise. backgrionu ncdo gnitiveT hpetsnhy ecrheto hlhaeoir ggeyht .le yc hnciocnatlr ibutions Att heen d tohbfeo otkh,e arree suggfoerfus rttihorenersa dwihnigc h bmea y oft howsheow oriknA rtifIinctieallla ingiden nn ecuer olinguiwsotnidcteshr.a tS mall useftuotl h owsheo w anttou nderatnai knde-e pstthu odfya noy ft htew elcvoer e aspisrtiundges notmse tifimnedt sh emseolvvehereswl mbeyjd ra gon daentde rbrye d topciocvse rAn eads.t emrairsktksh t ei tlesa rwlehi iktceohal ffyo ragd o opdo ionft thkei nodfd ensely-pwrroirstietci,ehn cn r orseesfr-enwcheiscs,hc ienatnisdso tcsi al deparTthuerreet. h eiansb ibliogwrhaipchhy r geeifrveenstc oe ssa olulr qcueost ed scienftvaiosuwtrhs e n tahrweery i tiinsn pge cijaorluniaslts . . int hbeo owkh,e thiensr e ctAi otnoso riC nt hree adionfsg esc tDi.Fo inn atllhye,r e Thea imo ft hviosl uimtseo mpaskyec holitnhgeuoaircsyct eiscts oti hbgele en isg lao sosfaa rltylh tee chntiecraumlss e Rde.ef renacregesi vetnh sete oc twihoenr e ersatl udAeb natc.k grionbu ansdli icn guiiss taaidncv saa ngte ibnsuo tat n ecetsy;s i each tfierrsmt iisn tarnoded xupcleadi ned. nop rikonro wleodfpg sey choilsao sgsyu mTeedr.m inoilsio ngtyr odgurcaeddu ally ande xplawiintechda re. Bacpkrgirnocauirnpeedlm ebso diinec do ncrete examples andm aneys senctoinaclea prpters e seinnt 'eahd a ndsw-ayo,n 'rw eiatdhe rs invited tor efleocnwt h ahta ppeinns tohwenli arn gupaegorerf mance. Them aterfaeitaulr heedri eds r awfrno mt hpes ycholborgainoccfath lh fi ee ld. Its heldisg ohntm aneyv eryldaanyg upargoec esswees aetlnhlga atg e tienn db ut tot akfeo grr antWehdapt.r ecigsoeelsyw hoenn pwiecu kp bao oakn db egtion reaidtO ?rw hen lwies ttoet nhr ea diOorw? r iatl ee totres rp etaok f irae nHdo?w dow es towroer disno umri nds? Hwoemw a ndaotg obe u itlhdo wsoer disn to ideas? Thef ollowtionpgi acrisen trodiunSc eecdt Ai oann sdu bsequdeenvlteolpyie nd SectiBo,Cn sa nd D: 1 IntrodutcoPt siyoclnhi on guist2i Icsls a ngusapgeect iohfi ucm ans? 3 Languaangdteh ber ain 4 Vocabusltaorrya ge 5 Usivnogc abulary 6 Langupargoec essing 7 Writpirnogc esses 8 Readipnrgo cesses 9 Listepnrioncge sses 10S peakpirnogc esses 11C omprehension 12L angudaegper ivaantddii osna bility Thet opicsb eheaanrv rea nagcecdo rtdoti hnrege ladtiiffivceuo lftt hyie d eiansv odl.v e Theayr ael stoos omeex tepnrto grefsorse ixvaem:py loeun, e etdh frea mewoprrko vidbeyd' Langpuraogcee sisnoi rndgte'our n derstthameno dd eolfws r itrienagd,i ng, listeannisdnp ge akwihincgah r ien trodsuucbesde tqluye.n SectAi ionnt rodbuacsceioscn cefporet asc shu bjaerceitan n oan e-cthnwiacya.l Importtearnamtrs he i ghliignbh otletypdde ande xlpainaenddp; o intaergrei sv en toi sstuheaastr e ex ploroetdh seiernc tions. SectBioannsdt hCef noc uosn m orsep ecaisfipce ocftt hste o pTihce.dy o s ob y askiynogut oa naldyasteta oe, n gaignde i scotvaesrtkyosr ,e fleocntt h fien dinogfs researacnhde ertvsoa liudateea s.i mVpeorryty aonut laaylr,sae os kteord e fluepcotn youorw ne xperiaefntaceleryl; o, uy ourrseeglufl eamrpllymo oys otft hper ocesses whicahrf eae turSeedc.tC i eoxnt etnhdlese arenxpienrgi beynp creo poasn iunmgb er ofe xperimteanswtkhasil yc ohcu a cna roruyft or y oulrfst,eh upsu tttiotn hgte e ssotm e oft heeff ecwthsi chha vbee edne scrTihbeeardre.se u ggesftorie osnstsao yp iocnse, basedr eoandw ihnigce hn abyloeuts oa ne xplaop raer tiacsupleoacnryt o uorw n. CONTENTS Contecnrtosrs esf-erenced xii Liosftfi gures xiv Liosftt ables xv Acknloewdgements xvi A ketyo E nglpihsohn esmyimcb ols xviii A Introductionk:e y �oncepts in Psycholinguistics 1 Psycholinwghuaiitiss t t?i cs: 2 2 Langusapgeee,ac nhd communication 4 3 Languagteh bear nadi n 7 4 'Knowaiw nogr'd 10 5 Lexisctaolr aangldee xiaccacle ss 15 6 Thei nofrmatpiroonc esaspipnrgoa ch 17 7 Writing systems 21 8 Deciondignr eading 25 9 Issues in listening 30 10 Charactoerfsi pseteicchs 33 11 Long TMeermmoy r aSncdh eTmhae ory 38 12 Exceptciiorncaulm stances 42 B Development: data 47 1 DataP siyncl hion guistics 48 2 Animcaolm munication 50 3 Localliasnignugia ntg hebe r ain 53 4 Lexifcoraml 57 5 Worads sociation 60 6 Bottom-utpo dpao-nwdpn r ocessing 65 7 Writaitnw go rlde vel 70 8 Emyoev emeinnrt esa ding 72 9 Categopreirccaelp tion 75 10 Stagients hs ep eakpirnogc ess 78 11 Meanirnegp resentations 82 12 Langudaigseo rders 86 C Explorationa:n alysisa nd reflection 91 1 Thel angusatguedi inPe sdy cholinguistics 92 2 Talkaipnegs 94 x CONTENTS 3 Lateraliints habetr iaoinn 96 4 Them eanionf'g m eaning' 101 5 Modeolfls e xirceatlr ieval 105 6 Memorayn dl anguage 190 7 Thes taogfew sr iting 115 8 Skilalnedud n skirlelaedde rs 118 9 Listeinnri entagil m e 132 10 A modeolfs peaking 182 11 Inefrence 131 12 Deanfesass :m all-rsecsaelasert cudhy ·143 D Extension:P sycholinguistirce adings 139 1 Theg oaolfPs s ycholin(gGouerigAset.M i iclsl er) 140 2 The evoolfsu pteieo(cnIUh bl baek) 145 3 Localiasnadt iloant erraelviiss(aiTrtterieeodnDn c eea con) 151 4 Formilnegx iccaatle g(oJreiAaeinst chison) 165 5 Lexipcraolc es(sKeinnnge1 tF.ho rster) 161 6 WorkiMnegm orayn: ove(rRvoibeHew.r L to gie) 176 7 Factionsr ksi lwlreidt( iCanrgBl e reaintdMe arr leSncea rdamalia1)37 8 Deciondvge rs'uwsh owloer d('hPi lGiopu gahn dS ebastian Wr1e97n ) 9 Locatwionrbgdo unda(rAinenCseu tlaenrdS alBluyt terfield) 185 10 Se-lmfnoitoirnis npge ak(iWnigl Lleevme lt) 190 11 Anaphroers ol(uNtiicoYnou liaaln lJd a nOea khill) 195 12 Twov ieowfss pecliafincg uage im(pDaooirtrhBmyie snhto p) 202 Materialf ora ctivities 208 Furtherr eading 212 References 217 Glossary 227 CONTENTS CROSS-REFERENCED CONTENTS CROSS-REFERENCED Topic INTRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT EXPLORATION EXTENSION Topic Psycholinguiwshtaitci ssi: t ? Datai nP sycholinguistics Thel anguagset udieidnP sycholinguistiTchse g oalosf P sycholinguistics (GeorgAe. M iller) 2 48 92 140 Languagsep,e ecahn dc ommunication Animaclo mmunication Talkinagp es Thee volutioofns peech (lbU lbaek) 4 50 94 145 Languagaen dt heb rain Localislianngg uagient heb rain Lateralisaitnti hoenb rain Localisatainodln a teralisraetviiosni ted (TerrenDceea con) 7 53 96 151 'Knowinag 'w ord Lexicfaolr m Them eaninogf ' meaning' Forminlge xiccaalt egories (JeaAni tchison) 10 II57 101 156 �==============� Lexicsatlo ragaen dl exicaaclc ess Worda ssociation Modelso fl exicraelt rieval Lexicparlo cessing (KennetIh.F orster) 15 I60 105 161 An informatpiroonc essianpgp roach Bottom-uapn dt op-dowpnr ocessing Memorya ndl anguage Working Memoarny o:v erview (RoberHt.L ogie) 17 65 109 167 Writinsgy stems Writinagtw ordl evel Thes tageosf w riting Factorisns killwerdi ting (CarBle reitaenrd M arlenSec ardamalia) �21 �IlI70 115 173 ========= Decodinignr eading Eyem ovementisn r eading Skillaendd u nskillreeda ders Decodinvge rsu'sw holweo rd' (PhilGiopu gha ndS ebastiWarne n) 25 72 118 179 Issueisnl istening Categoripcearlc eption Listeniinnrg e atli me Locatiwnogr db oundaries (AnneC utlearn dS allByu tterfield) 30 75 123 185 Characteriosfts ipcese ch Stageisn t hes peaking process A modelo fs peakmg Self-monitoirnsi pnega king (WilleLme velt) 33 78 128 190 LongT ermM emorya ndS chemaT heory Meaninrge presentations Inference Anaphorre solution (NicoVluai laln dJ aneO akhill) 38 82 131 195 Exceptiocniarlc umstances Languagdei sorders Deafnesas s:m all-scraelsee arscthu dy Two viewso fs pecifliacn guage impairme(nDto rothByi shop) 42 86 134 202 Materifaolr Materifaolr activities activities Further Further reading reading I References References Glossary Glossary LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES A3.1T hel oboefts h ber ain 8 Keyt oE nglpihsohn emic symbols XVIIl A4.1A lexiecnatlr y 11 B3.1A comparoifBs roonc aan'Wds e rnisca kpeh'a sia 55 A4.2F oramn dm eaning 12 B5.1C ommonweosrtad s sociraetsipootnno fs oeussr t imuli 61 A6.1A three-msotdoeorlfhe u mamne mory 19 C3.1S ubjwecittnshok nowbnr adianm age 98 AlO.H1e sitaanndfltu epnhta sienss p eech 37 C3.2S ubjewcittcshl inicalo fae nve iadrlelenyftc -eh emilsepshieorne 98 A11.A1 s chefmoatr h ceo ncTeApBtL E 39 C3.3A ttic cahsei vliddreoenfncc rei tpiecrailo d 99 B3.1B rocaar'easan Wde rnicakree'as 54 C4.1C ategoarnideex se mp'lars lO2 B3.2I ncrebarsaeaidcn t iwviitithny c retaassdekid ffi culty 56 C4.2P rototyrpaitciafnlogtirsht c eya tegBoIrRyD lO3 B6.1B ottoml-euxpip craolc essing 65 B6.2P araplrloecle ssing 66 B6.3T op-dopwrno cessing 68 B8.1F ixatsieoqnu eanncdfixe ast idounr ations 73 B8.2F ixatpiooinng tosoa:dn dp oorre aders 74 B9.1T ypirceaslfru olmta c ategopreirccaelpt taisokn 76 C6.1T heB addemloedyeo lfW orkiMnegm ory 111 C6.2C owanm'osd eolfm emory 114 C7.1T hes taogfew sr iting 116 C8.1U seo fc ontbeyxs tk ilalneldde ssksi lrleeadd ers 120 C8.2U seo fc ontweixtdth e gratdeexdt 120 C10.T1h es peaaksie nrf ormpartoicoens sor 128 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GeorAg.eM illfeo'rrT hPes yclhion gufriosmtT sh'Pe ys clhooygo fC ommunication: SevEesns aHyasrm,o ndswPoerntghu1,i9 n6,C8 o.p yriBgehatcP:or ne Bsoss,t on IbU lbafeo'krT hoer iogfilna nguaangcdeo gnifrtoimoJ nR.'. 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W .N ortIonncN ,e wY ork anrye asaornue n abtloee x ertchiacstoe m maonfdl anguwahgiecm ho sotfu st ake JL..M cClellDa.nE d.R, u melhaanrtddh tPe D PR eseaGrrcohuf poF ri guBr6e.f 3r om fogrr antTehdei.yti sw hoa rteh ger eabteensetfi cifarrotimhe iesn siwghhitcsh RumelhaDr.Ed .t& , M cClellJa.Ln .(d e,d Ps)a:r aDlilsetlr iPbruotcneegds, s i psyclhion guwiosrstkops a instatkoai cnhgileyv e. 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