Psychoanalytic Pioneers: A History of Psychoanalysis as Seen Through the Lives and the Works of its Most Eminent Teachers, Thinkers, and Clinicians PDF
Preview Psychoanalytic Pioneers: A History of Psychoanalysis as Seen Through the Lives and the Works of its Most Eminent Teachers, Thinkers, and Clinicians
Karl AbrM(ini4aVflMlKhHV(WKIaf«ai'#mt^rtliJ*151t?/Tli^(i>'«J!nWlHlir/ilt.ll7l)(f.ifiW^^ <'-;ii^*VTi'VMV^r Melanie Klein Sandor Ferenezi Franz Alexander Rank Otto Marie Bonaparte Carl Gustav Jnng Siegfried Bernfeld Alfred Adler Wilhelni Reich Paul Federn Otto Fenichel Haiins Sachs Karen Horney Georg Groddeck Heinz Hartmann Hans Zulliger Anna Freud August Aichhorn Erik H. Erikson eers A history of psychoanatysis as seen throuyh the Uves and the works of its most eminent ^ teachers^ thinkers^ and clinicians EDITED BY LliL ALEXANDER I A S M. E I,.&„E .M™S T E N U,,,Jg,,„„I. I M OX A R T I JV Ol,R H N $15.00 Psychoanalytic Pioneers is a comprehensive history ofpsychoanalysis as seen through the lives and the works of its most eminent teachers, thinkers, and clinicians. At the same time, it is a definitive portrait of the atmosphere in which psychoanalyticcreativityhasemergedandflourished. Freud's towering personality has perhaps over- shadowedtheworkandcontributionsofotherpromi- nent workers in psychoanalysis. Biographies of lead- ing figures are practically nonexistent, and only rare and fragmentary studies are available. "The history of the men and women who have made psychoanalysis what it is today ought to be written now," observe the editors, while "close enough to get first-hand impressions and reports and far enough away to avoid the danger of uncritical partisanship." Portrayed according to the chronology of their ap- pearance on the psychoanalytic stage, here are pro- files of Karl Abraham, Sandor Ferenczi, Otto Rank, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Ernest Jones, Paul Federn, Oskar Pfister, Hanns Sachs, A. A. Brill, Sandor Rado, Theodor Reik, Melanie Klein, Otto Fenichel, Karen Horney, Heinz Hartmann, Ernst Kris, and twenty-four other pioneers who have significantly influenced theory and technique. Going beyond mere biographical description, the contributors elucidate the contributions of each to the evolution ofpsychoanalytic thought and evaluate their roles in the development of psychoanalysis as a science, as a method of investigation, as a treat- ment technique, and as an organization. The book's concluding chapters, "Psychoanalysis in England" and "Psychoanalysis in the United States," review the historical development, problems of or- ganization, theoretical contributions, and current status of psychoanalysis in these two countries. In addition to the editors, contributors to the vol- ume include Rudolf Ekstein, Edward Glover, Ralph Greenson, Rudolph Loewenstein, Sandor Lorand, John A. P. Millet, Samuel Ritvo, May E. Romm, Edoardo Weiss, Hans Zulliger, and many others. PSYCHOANALYTIC PIONEERS PSYCHOANALYTIC PIONEERS EDITED BY FRANZ ALEXANDER SAMUEL EISENSTEIN MARTIN GROTJAHN BASIC BOOKS, INC. PUBLISHERS NEW YORK LONDON Copyright(g) 1966byBasicBooks,Inc. Library ofCongressCatalog CardNumber:66-11692 Manufacturedinthe UnitedStatesofAmerica DESIGNED BY VINCENT TORRE — Preface The history of psychoanalysis has recently received profound atten- tion. Most historical work has centered around the life, the personality, and the achievement of Sigmund Freud, culminating in Ernest Jones's monumental biography of the man. Other research has reconstructed the development of centers of psychoanalysis, for example. The Berlin Institute or those in Chicago, New York, and Boston. The Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, recently published, vividly describe the life of that Society and the men around Freud in the early days. These minutes have given insight into the atmosphere out of which psychoanalysis grew. However, biographies of the great men in psy- choanalysis are practically nonexistent: information has been limited to brief obituaries in the professional journals, and analytic auto- biographies are rare and fragmentary. Under these circumstances, writing a history of the pioneers in psy- choanalysisand a description of pioneering in the psychoanalytic move- ment was a temptation and a challenge, especially a history that would present a genetic picture of psychoanalysis during its development. The history of the men and women who have made psychoanalysis whatitistoday oughtto be written noiv, we felt, although much of the correspondence between Freud and his early followers still awaits pub- lication and is bound to have immediate and important impact on any such study. Freud and Ferenczi's correspondence, containing more than two thousand letters, has been read by a few trusted friends. — Freud's correspondence with Karl Abraham almost 360 letters has been published by Basic Books, Inc. The unique correspondence among Freud, Ferenczi, and Georg Groddeck is extant, but it has been PSYCHOANALYTIC PIONEERS studied incompletely. The letters exchanged between Freud and Lud- wig Binswanger and between Freud and Oskar Pfister have recently- been published. Many other letters of the untiring, letter-writing Freud are being collected by the Sigmund Freud Archives and are not avail- able at this time. The editors decided, however, not to delay publication of this book any further, despite the unavailability of important historical source material. Right now, we still have living contact with the early times, be it directly or indirectly, through many of the authors who have We contributed to this book. stand at an advantageous distance from these early times for seeing the growth of psychoanalysis and the contributions to it by the pioneers; we are close enough to get first- hand impressions and reports, and far enough away to avoid the danger of uncritical hero worship or partisanship. Many of the early pioneers are portrayed here by their former students, who themselves have reached eminence in our field. It is significant for the spirit of pioneer- ing that those who first contributed to our knowledge were also in- spired teachers and continued to keep a spirit of scientific inquiry alive in our ranks. These essays are not limited to historical descriptions of psycho- We analytic pioneers and their contributions. also give some evaluation We of their contributions to the evolution of psychoanalytic thought. have tried to describe those who developed psychoanalysis as a science, as a method of investigation, as a technique of treatment, and as an or- ganization. Psychoanalysis was created by Freud and his early followers. A pio- neer in psychoanalysis is a person who, having recognized the truth and importance of Freud's teachings, devoted his life to the advance and spread of our knowledge through research and teaching. We have dealt with the great teachers and clinicians in psychoanalysis. We are aware of the incompleteness and deficiencies of this book. Some may look in vain for their personal friends or may differ with the evaluation given by the many different authors included. Our work will not be futile if such controversial profiles should inspire further investigation. Some omissions will be obvious to all. These are due to our inability to obtain adequate biographies or to other circumstances beyond the editors' control. They neither constitute intentional omissions nor imply negative evaluation. vi
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