Psychoanalysis and politics: histories of psychoanalysis under conditions of restricted political freedom PDF
Preview Psychoanalysis and politics: histories of psychoanalysis under conditions of restricted political freedom
Psychoanalysis and Politics This page intentionally left blank Psychoanalysis and Politics Histories of Psychoanalysis under Conditions of Restricted Political Freedom EDITED BY JOY DAMOUSI MARIANO BEN PLOTKIN 1 1 Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016 United States of America Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © 2012 Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, Inc., or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, Inc., at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer _________________________________________________ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Psychoanalysis and politics : histories of psychoanalysis under conditions of restricted political freedom / edited by Joy Damousi and Mariano Plotkin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-974466-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Political psychology. 2. Political ethics. I. Damousi, Joy. II. Plotkin, Mariano Ben, 1961- JA74.5.P74 2012 150.19'5—dc23 2011035181 _________________________________________________ 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS Contributors vii Introduction: Psychoanalysis and Politics: Historical Perspectives ix Mariano Ben Plotkin and Joy Damousi PART ONE Europe 1. Origin, Rise, and Destruction of a Psychoanalytic Culture in Fascist Italy, 1922–1938 7 Mauro Pasqualini 2. Psychoanalysis under the Vichy Regime 35 Annick Ohayon (translated by Edith Nicolas) 3. Psychoanalysis in Franco’s Spain (1939–1975): Crónica de una “ agonía ” anunciada 57 Anne-Cécile Druet 4. Eff ect of Dictatorial Regimes on the Psychoanalytic Movement in Hungary before and aft er World War II 79 Judit Mészáros PART TWO Latin America 5. Psychoanalysis in Brazil during Vargas’ Time 113 C. Lucia M. Valladares de Oliveira (translated by Christine Puleo Reis) 6. Psychoanalysis in Argentina under Peronism and Anti-Peronism (1943–1963) 135 Alejandro Dagfal 7. Th e Social Diff usion of Psychoanalysis during the Brazilian Military Regime: Psychological Awareness in an Age of Political Repression 165 Jane A. Russo vi Contents 8. Th e Diff usion of Psychoanalysis under Conditions of Political Authoritarianism: Th e Case of Argentina, 1960s and 1970s 185 Mariano Ben Plotkin PART THREE Psychoanalysis in the United States during the Cold War and the 1960s 9. “Have You No Shame”—American Redbaiting of Europe’s Psychoanalysts 213 Elizabeth Ann Danto 10. Psychoanalysis, Authoritarianism, and the 1960s 233 Eli Zaretsky Select Bibliography 261 Index 269 CONTRIBUTORS Alejandro Dagfal Edith Nicolas School of Psychology Brighton, Australia University of Buenos Aires Annick Ohayon National Council of Scientifi c Centre Alexandre Koyré and Technological Research Centre de Recherches en Histoire (CONICET) des Sciences et des Techniques Buenos Aires, Argentina EHESS, MNHN, CNRS Joy Damousi Paris, France School of Historical and Mauro Pasqualini Philosophical Studies History Department Th e University of Melbourne Emory University Parkville, Melbourne, Australia Atlanta, GA Elizabeth Ann Danto Mariano Ben Plotkin Hunter College School of Instituto de Desarrollo Económico Social Work y Social/National Council of City University of New York Scientifi c and Technological New York, NY Research (CONICET) A nne-Cécile Druet National University of Tres de U niversity of Paris-Est Febrero Marne-la-Vallée Buenos Aires, Argentina Paris, France Christine Puleo Reis Judit Mészáros São Paulo, Brazil Psychology Institute Jane A. Russo Eötvös Loránd University Institute of Social Medicine and Hungarian Psychoanalytical State University of Rio de Janeiro Society Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Budapest, Hungary viii Contributors C. Lucia M. Valladares de Oliveira Eli Zaretsky Department of Psychology Clinic Th e New School for Social Research Pontifi cal Catholic University of São New York, NY Paulo São Paulo, Brazil INTRODUCTION Psychoanalysis and Politics: Historical Perspectives MARIANO BEN PLOTKIN AND JOY DAMOUSI Th e connection between psychoanalysis and politics has attracted the attention of scholars and psychoanalysts since the beginnings of the psychoanalytic move- ment. Th is volume approaches this topic from a particular perspective: it analyzes the possibilities of survival and the fate of psychoanalysis under conditions of political authoritarianism and, more generally, of restricted political freedom in Europe and the Americas. Both psychoanalysis and authoritarianism, however, are complex concepts that require some discussion. Th roughout its more than century-long existence, psychoanalysis, like any other system of thoughts or beliefs, has been the subject of transformations, appropriations, and reinterpretation. If we consider that the history of a system of ideas is inseparable from the history of its multiple receptions, then it is impossi- ble to defi ne a “true” psychoanalysis— a s it would be impossible, for instance, to defi ne a “true Marxism”— a s a yardstick against which all other versions of it should be measured. Although the establishment of a fairly rigid orthodoxy imposed by the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) standardized to some extent the practice and interpretation of psychoanalysis, local conditions introduced important nuances into the IPA standards. Moreover, the existence of dissidents within the international psychoanalytic movement has challenged the IPA-imposed orthodoxy generating alternative ones. A case in point is the emer- gence and dramatic expansion of the Lacanian movement in France and Latin America, a movement that also suff ered from fragmentation and dissidence. A t times, psychoanalytic disagreements refl ect larger political issues. Such was the case in France where, as Annik Ohayon shows in her contribution to this volume (Chapter 2), political events taking place in the highly politicized interwar
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