Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners PDF
Preview Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine: A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners
Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners Michal Lew-Starowicz Annamaria Giraldi Tillmann H. C. Krüger Editors 123 Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine Michal Lew-Starowicz Annamaria Giraldi • Tillmann H. C. Krüger Editors Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine A Comprehensive Guide for Clinical Practitioners Editors Michal Lew-Starowicz Annamaria Giraldi Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Center Copenhagen Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Sexological Clinic, Rigshospitalet Warsaw Department of Clinical Medicine Poland University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Tillmann H. C. Krüger Denmark Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany ISBN 978-3-030-52297-1 ISBN 978-3-030-52298-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52298-8 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Mental disorders are brain disorders and the brain is also the most important sexual organ where sexual desire, pleasure and orgasm, and also satisfaction are generated and where the genital response may be evoked or inhibited. Consequently, all disor- ders that affect the brain may also affect sexual functioning. Sexuality has a pro- found effect on general well-being, social functioning, and the quality of life of an individual. Sexual problems are commonly associated with feelings of failure, decreased self-esteem, fear of rejection, and difficulties in forming and maintaining relationships. Decreased mood or performance anxiety is often found in individuals presenting with sexual dysfunction. So there is a clear link between mental and sexual health. Every clinician should be aware of this important interaction and be able to use this knowledge in his/her daily practice. In an analogy to psychiatry, sexual medicine and therapy uses the bio-psycho-social model approach and more- over sexuality may be a paramount example on the interplay of somatic, psycho- logical, and sociocultural factors. Patients are extremely thankful when their doctor, psychologist, or consultant is also able to address sexual- and partner-related prob- lems. These are only few examples why treating people with sexual problems can be a very rewarding activity in the field of clinical medicine. Problems related with sexual identity, sexual function, and romantic and sexual relationships are very common but highly under-recognized in people suffering from mental disorders. Mental healthcare providers will be confronted with these issues, especially when they actively ask patients about their sexual health. Thus, not only the disease-oriented but also a patient-oriented approach is particularly important when building a therapeutic alliance. Acknowledging sexual problems that may arise from the mental illness, specific socioeconomic situation, or medication-r elated side effects is crucial at every stage of clinical assessment and therapeutic intervention while ignoring these important issues may negatively affect patient’s compliance. It is our hope that this book will help mental healthcare pro- viders in addressing sexual health in their patients. The first part of this book (Chaps. 1–9) is dedicated to general topics related with sexuality as determined and affected by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. It includes also an overview of the development of modern sexual medicine and its links with psychiatry. Good practices in approaching sexuality with a focus on sexual rights, ethical issues, and physician’s attitudes are also described. v vi Preface The second part (Chaps. 10–12) gives the reader more insight into clinical sexol- ogy, especially pathophysiology, assessment, and management of sexual dysfunc- tion and related problems with the use of biological and psychological interventions. Chapters 13–23 are dedicated to various mental disorders and their interaction with all aspects of sexuality as well as disease-specific interventions. Chapter 24 deals with the impact of psychopharmacology on sexual functions and the burden of treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction. Recommendations for clinical assessment and management strategies based on current knowledge are thoroughly discussed. A separate section of the book (Chaps. 25–27) is dedicated to traumatic sexual experiences and variant sexual behaviors. These topics strongly bind psychiatry and sexual medicine as paraphilic disorders are considered mental health conditions while both the assessment of real and potential sexual offenders and helping victims of sexual abuse require a proper expertise in both disciplines. Gender incongruence (Chap. 28) is a topic specifically related with sexual iden- tity but also of a great relevance for the mental healthcare providers who may deal with the burden of gender dysphoria and social stigmatization, including increased psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality in transgender or genderqueer population. In many countries, a professional opinion on mental health is a prerequisite for a legal gender change or implementation of particular procedures of gender affirming treatment, which demands proper knowledge from psychiatrists and psychologists. The last part of the book groups special topics of interests both for psychiatry and for sexual medicine. These include a commonly neglected topic of sexuality in the elderly, broadly discussed out-of-control sexual behaviors with compulsive sexual behavior disorder being a new psychiatric diagnosis for the ICD-11, and three rela- tively rare but difficult clinical management conditions—genital dysmorphophobia, persistent genital arousal disorder, and postorgasmic illness syndrome. The book is intended to be a comprehensive and practical guide for clinical prac- titioners–specialists and trainees in sexual medicine, clinical sexology, and psychia- try, psychotherapists, and all other healthcare providers and students who want to improve their knowledge and skills to help patients suffering from problems related with sexual health. Clinical problems are illustrated with case presentations, recom- mendations for the assessment and therapeutic interventions are given based on evidence-based data and authors’ clinical experience. This interdisciplinary project would not be possible without a group of dedicated people—excellent specialists from many different countries, working in the fields of psychiatry and sexual medicine, here reviewing available evidence, sharing their knowledge and practical skills. We are very grateful for their contributions and thank them for their patience and ongoing support to the project. The project was also supported by the European Society for Sexual Medicine, our professional net- work and leading professional organization providing research and education in the field of sexual medicine. We appreciate very much the great work by Dr. Gilian Tenbergen who was not only coauthor but who also performed linguistic editing of all chapters. We also feel obliged to recall Professor Marcel Waldinger, a great researcher, clinician, and our friend who was engaged in this book at the beginning, Preface vii however who unexpectedly passed away. As a consequence we were not able to have him as an author; however, his tremendous contribution to the field of sexual medicine can be found in many references in this book. Last but not the least, we have to acknowledge our families for their loving support and our patients for shar- ing their intimate experiences that teach us things we cannot find in meta-analyses or research articles. We hope the readers will find this book useful in their daily clinical practice. Warsaw, Poland Michal Lew-Starowicz Copenhagen, Denmark Annamaria Giraldi Hannover, Germany Tillmann H. C. Krüger Gilian Tenbergen - Linguistic editor Contents 1 Historical Links Between Psychiatry and Sexual Medicine . . . . . . . . . 1 Nikolaos Vaidakis and Fotini Ferenidou 2 Sexual Diversity and Transcultural Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Antonio Ventriglio, Matthew Kelly, and Dinesh Bhugra 3 Sexual Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Kevan Wylie and Michal Lew-Starowicz 4 Ethical Issues in Clinical Sexology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Daniel N. Watter 5 Sexual Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Anıl Gündüz and Mehmet Zihni Sungur 6 The (Mental) Health Benefits of Sexual Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Woet L. Gianotten 7 The Neurobiology of Sexual Responses and Its Clinical Relevance . . . 71 Tillmann H. C. Krüger, Annamaria Giraldi, and Gilian Tenbergen 8 Physicians’ Attitude Towards Sexuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Brittany K. Sommers and Stephen B. Levine 9 Sexual Interview: Mental Health and Relationship Issues . . . . . . . . . . 93 Francesca Tripodi 10 Female Sexual Dysfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Johannes Bitzer and Paraskevi-Sofia (Evie) Kirana 11 Male Sexual Dysfunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Yacov Reisman and Pedro J. Nobre 12 Counselling and Psychotherapy in Sexual Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Francesca Tripodi 13 Cognitive Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Jannis Engel, M. Axel Wollmer, Katharina Hösl, and Tillmann H. C. Krüger ix x Contents 14 Substance-Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Jannis Engel and Tillmann H. C. Krüger 15 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Giedre Jonusiene 16 Depressive Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Ana Luísa Quinta Gomes and Pedro J. Nobre 17 Bipolar and Related Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Ana Luísa Quinta Gomes and Pedro J. Nobre 18 Anxiety and Somatoform Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Goran Arbanas 19 Eating Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Annamaria Giraldi and Birte Smidt 20 Sleep Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Justyna Holka-Pokorska, Adam Wichniak, and Michal Lew-Starowicz 21 Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Goran Arbanas 22 Intellectual Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Izabela Fornalik 23 Autism Spectrum Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Trudy Griffioen 24 Impact of Psychotropic Medications on Sexual Functioning . . . . . . . . 353 Michal Lew-Starowicz and Annamaria Giraldi 25 Sexual Violence: How to Deal with It in Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Charlotte Gibbels, Jonas Kneer, Gilian Tenbergen, and Tillmann H. C. Krüger 26 The Clinical Impact of Sexual Violence on Men and Women and Its Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Goran Arbanas 27 Paraphilias: Diagnostics, Comorbidities, and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Safiye Tozdan and Peer Briken 28 Gender Incongruence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 Els Elaut and Gunter Heylens 29 Late-Life Sexuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 Woet L. Gianotten 30 Compulsive- and Other Out-of-Control Sexual Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . 457 Michal Lew-Starowicz and Mateusz Gola Contents xi 31 Genital Dysmorphophobia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Ioana Micluţia 32 Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Farai Nyatsanza and David Goldmeier 33 Post-orgasmic Illness Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 Joanne Bassett and David Goldmeier Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
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