Psychiatric Diagnosis Challenges and Prospects Editors Ihsan M. Salloum ProfessorofPsychiatryandDirector,DivisionofAlcoholandSubstanceAbuse: TreatmentandResearch,UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine,FL,USA SectiononClassification,DiagnosticAssessmentandNomenclature, WorldPsychiatricAssociation Juan E. Mezzich ProfessorofPsychiatryandDirector,InternationalCenterforMentalHealthand DivisionofPsychiatricEpidemiology,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine, NewYorkUniversity,NY,USA PastPresident,WorldPsychiatricAssociation AJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Psychiatric Diagnosis: Challenges and Prospects Psychiatric Diagnosis Challenges and Prospects Editors Ihsan M. Salloum ProfessorofPsychiatryandDirector,DivisionofAlcoholandSubstanceAbuse: TreatmentandResearch,UniversityofMiamiMillerSchoolofMedicine,FL,USA SectiononClassification,DiagnosticAssessmentandNomenclature, WorldPsychiatricAssociation Juan E. Mezzich ProfessorofPsychiatryandDirector,InternationalCenterforMentalHealthand DivisionofPsychiatricEpidemiology,MountSinaiSchoolofMedicine, NewYorkUniversity,NY,USA PastPresident,WorldPsychiatricAssociation AJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2009 (cid:2)2009JohnWiley&SonsLtd. Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific,Technical andMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. Registeredoffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK OtherEditorialOffices 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,in anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedby theUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnames andproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir respectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.This publicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.It issoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessional adviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. Thecontentsofthisworkareintendedtofurthergeneralscientificresearch,understanding,anddiscussiononly andarenotintendedandshouldnotberelieduponasrecommendingorpromotingaspecificmethod,diagnosis,or treatmentbyphysiciansforanyparticularpatient.Thepublisherandtheauthormakenorepresentationsor warrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecificallydisclaimall warranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesoffitnessforaparticularpurpose.Inviewof ongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowof informationrelatingtotheuseofmedicines,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewandevaluatethe informationprovidedinthepackageinsertorinstructionsforeachmedicine,equipment,ordevicefor,among otherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsorindicationofusageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions. Readersshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.ThefactthatanorganizationorWebsiteisreferredto inthisworkasacitationand/orapotentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthattheauthororthe publisherendorsestheinformationtheorganizationorWebsitemayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake. Further,readersshouldbeawarethatInternetWebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappeared betweenwhenthisworkwaswrittenandwhenitisread.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbyany promotionalstatementsforthiswork.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliableforanydamagesarising herefrom. LibraryofCongressCataloguing-in-PublicationData Psychiatricdiagnosis:challengesandprospects/editors,IhsanM.Salloum,JuanE.Mezzich. p. ; cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-72569-6 1. Mentalillness—Classification. 2. Psychodiagnostics. I. Salloum,IhsanM. II. Mezzich,JuanE. [DNLM:1. MentalDisorders—classification. 2. MentalDisorders—diagnosis. 3. Comorbidity. 4. Models,Psychological. WM141P973572009] RC455.2.C4.P782009 616.890075 —dc22 2008051201 ISBN:978-0-470-72569-6 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin10/12ptTimesbyIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd,Pondicherry,India. PrintedinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire. FirstImpression 2009 Contents Listofcontributors ix Preface xv SECTIONI CONCEPTSOFMENTALILLNESSANDHEALTH ACROSSTHEWORLD 1 1 HistoricalRootsoftheConceptofMentalIllness 3 PaulHoff 2 PhilosophicalPerspectivesonHealth,IllnessandClinical JudgementinPsychiatryandMedicine 15 TimThornton,KWM(Bill)FulfordandGeorgeChristodoulou 3 CultureandMentalIllness:SocialContextand ExplanatoryModels 29 LaurenceJ.KirmayerandDineshBhugra 4 QualityofLifeinIllnessandHealth 41 HeinzKatschnig,RalucaSfetcuandNormanSartorius 5 RecoveryandResilience 49 MichaelaAmeringandMargitSchmolke 6 PositiveHealthandHealthPromotion:TheWPAInstitutional ProgrammeofPsychiatryforthePersoninaEuropeanPublic HealthPerspective 61 WolfgangRutz SECTIONII PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 69 7 Dementia 71 OlusegunBaiyewu 8 SchizophreniaandRelatedDisorders 85 WolfgangGaebelandJu¨rgenZielasek 9 MoodDisorders 95 MarnaS.BarrettandMichaelE.Thase vi CONTENTS 10 AnxietyandObsessive-CompulsiveDisorders 103 JuanJ.Lo´pez-Ibor,JrandMar´ıaIne´sLo´pez-Ibor 11 Substance-UseDisorders 119 ChristianHaasen,Nadyel-GuebalyandIhsanM.Salloum 12 AdvancesinDiagnosisandClassificationofSexualDisorders 129 Rube´nHerna´ndezSerrano,AntonioPachecoPalha, SaidAbdelAzim,ChiaraSimonelli,FelipeNavarroCremades andAmintaParra 13 PersonalityDisorders 135 GilesNewton-HowesandPeterTyrer 14 IntellectualDisabilities 141 Sally-AnnCooperandLuisSalvador-Carulla 15 SpecificitiesofDiagnosisandClassificationinChild andAdolescentPsychiatry 147 MichelBotbolandCarlosE.Berganza 16 ClassificationinInfantandChildPsychiatry 155 SamTyanoandLiorSchapir 17 Peri-NatalMentalDisorders 171 IanBrockington,JohnCox,NicoleGarret-GloanecandGise`leApterDenon 18 Suicide 179 Zolta´nRihmer SECTIONIII COMORBIDITYINMENTALAND GENERALHEALTH 187 19 ConceptualandMethodologicalConsiderationsin Comorbidity 189 IhsanM.Salloum,JuanE.MezzichandSandraE.Cordoba 20 MentalandGeneralHealthComorbiditiesinPersons PresentinginPrimaryCare 197 MichaelS.KlinkmanandLindaGask 21 Comorbidity,PositiveHealth,andIntegrationofServices 213 JuanE.MezzichandIhsanM.Salloum SECTIONIV DIAGNOSTICMODELS 219 22 TheValidityofPsychiatricDiagnosis:Etiopathogenic andClinicalApproaches 221 KennethF.Schaffner 23 TheOverallDevelopmentofICD-11 233 T.BedirhanU¨stu¨nandRobertJakob CONTENTS vii 24 TheRevisionofICDClassificationofMentalandBehavioural Disorders 247 ShekharSaxenaandBenedettoSaraceno 25 ExperiencewiththeDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMental DisordersandPreparationsfortheFuture 255 MichaelB.First 26 ExperienceandImplicationsoftheLatinAmerican GuideforPsychiatricDiagnosis 263 A´ngelOtero-OjedaandCarlosE.Berganza 27 ChineseClassificationanditsFuturePerspectives 273 YanfangChenandZhongChen 28 MultiaxialSchemasforPsychiatricDiagnosis 279 ClaudioE.M.Banzato,MiguelRobertoJorgeandMarianneKastrup 29 TheScienceofWell-BeingandComprehensiveDiagnosis 289 C.RobertCloninger 30 TowardsaPerson-centredIntegrativeDiagnosis 297 JuanE.MezzichandIhsanM.Salloum Index 303