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Nityisia l4(3):385-392(2002) 385 Psammomoya (Celastraceae), a taxonomic review G.J. Keighery DepartmentofConservationandLand Management, WesternAustralian Wildlife Research Centre, POBox 51,Wanneroo, WesternAustralia,6065 Abstract Keighery,G.J.,Psammomoya(Celastraceae),ataxonomicreview. Niiytsia 14(3):385-392(2002). Thesouth-westernAustraliangenusPsammomoyaDiels& Loes. isreviewedandshowntoconsistol four species, two of them previously named as P. choretroides (F. Muell.) Diels & Loes. and P. ephedroides Diels & Loes. Two new species, Psammomoya grandifloni Keighery and P. implexa Keighery, are described. All species are illustrated and akey is provided. Introduction Psammomoya isthesole genusoftheCelastraceaeoccurringintemperateWestern Australiaand is endemic to this region. The genus is closely related to Apatophyllum McGillivray (McGillivray 1971),onespeciesofwhich occurs inthearidzoneofWesternAu.stralia(Cranlield& Lander 1992). Apatophyllum can be distinguished in having leafy stems, the leaves spirally arranged and well developed (opposite-decussate and reduced to cataphylls in Psammomoya), bracteoles triangular (ovate in Psammomoya), andthe floral disc erect and free(broad and fused in Psammomoya). Onlytwospeciesa)'Psammomoyawererecognisedwhen thegenuswastreated by.lessup( 1984) inthe“FloraofAustralia”. Thecurrentstudywaseominenccdaftersortingthecontentsotaloldertor unnamedMacarllmria luegelexFndl.(Molluginaceae)colleetionsshowedthatsexeralolthemwere 1 Psammomoya specimens that did not easily Fit the accepted taxonomy ol the genus. Additional collectionsofthenewtaxarecognisedherewerefoundamongthespecimensdetenninedasPsammomoya choretroides and P. ephedroides. Methods All herbarium collections oi'Psammomoyaat FERTI1, MEL, SYD, andAD havebeen examined forthis study. F’opulationsofthreeofthe fourtaxahavebeen examined in thewild. Taxonomy Psammomoya Diels & Loes. in L. Diels & E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrh. Syst. 35 : 339 (1904). Type: Psammomoyachoretroides(F. Muell.) Diels & Loes. 1 386 NuytsiaVol. 14.No, 3 (2002) Shrubsusuallyfromacorky-barkedwoodyrootstock.Leavesopposite-decussate,reducedtodark brown cataphylls. Inflorescence ofsolitarv tlowers or2—1-flowered fascicles in axils ofcataphylls. Flowershennaphrodite.actlnomorphic,onashortpedicelwithpersistentscariousbracteolesatbase. Sepals5,imbricate,broadlyovatetodebate;apexthickened,acute,brownorblack. Petals5,imbricate, white, apex acute. Stamens 5. opposite sepals and insertedon orbelowtherim ofthe disc. Anthers cordate,longitudinallydehiscent,introrse,yellow. DiscHat,pentagonal. Ovaiyscarcelyorpartially immersedindisc,2-or3-locular,eachloculewith2basalanatropousovules. Fruitaloculicidalcapsule, erectordecurved. Seeds 1-3,usually 1,erect,ellipsoidornarrowlyellipsoid,withawhite fleshyaril atbase; seed coatribbed, crustaceous,brown orblack; endosperm copious. Agenusoffourspecies endemic inthe south-westofWesternAustralia. Key to Psammomoya species mm 1. Ovary'2-locular. Pedicels 0.5-1.2 long. 2. Branchlets4-anglcdand4-sulcate, usuallyciscid; apexobtuse. hiddenbynumerousbracts 1. P. choretroides 2. Branchlets6-ribbed,notviscid;apexpungent, exposed 2. P implexa mm 1. Ovary'3-locular. Pedicels 1.5-5 long. 3. Branchletswithapungentapex. Flowerssmall,thepetals mm 2.5-3.5 long 3. p. ephedroides 3. Branchletswithasoftacute apex. Flowers large, thepetals 6-7 mm long 4. p. grandiflora 1.Psammomoyachoretroides(F.Muell.)Diels&Loes.,inL.Diels&E.Pritzel,Bot.Jahbr. Syst. 35: 340,fig. 1 {\904).—LoganiachoretroidesF.MueW., VictorianNaturalist6: 1 18(1889). eastern sourcesofthe Swan Rrver, WesternAustralia, MrsHeal(holo: MEL 100676; iso: MEL 100675). Illustrations. Diels & Pritzel (1904: fig. 41A-H); Morley & Toelken (1983: fig. 132D-F); Jessup (1984: fig. 42G,H); McGillivray(1971: 404, fig. 3). Rigidsrectshrub,to45 cmtall,with2-5 erectbranchesfromacorkyrootstock. Branchletserect, many, 4-angled and4-su!cate, usuallyviscid alongthe angles; apex short, obtuse, black, coveredby mm cataphylls. Cataphylls 1-3 long, darkbrownorblack, thepairsofcataphylls separatedby 7—1 mm intemodes on main branches below branchlets. Flowers single or in fascicles of2—4, often a2.p0p-e2a.r4inmgmseslsoinlge.,tShteapmeednisceilns0e.r5t—e1d.b2emlmowlmoangr.giSnepoafldsisdce;baftiel,am0e.n9t—01..46-m0.m7mlomng.loPnegt;aalnstohveartce.-d0.e5bamtem, long.ZJ/xcfleshy. 1.5—2.0mmdiam. ’an'halfimmersedindisc,2-locular.Stylec.0.2mmIona;stigma obscurely2-lobed. Capsule2-lobed,broadestabovemiddle.2-val\ed, 5-9mm long. 5-8mm wide, 1- or2-seeded. Seedsnarrowly ellipsoid. 3.8-A.3 mm long; aril 3-4mm long. (Figure 1A-C) Selectedspecimens examined(57 examined). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Boorabbin. T.E.H. Aplin 1936 (PERTH); Dowering, CA. Gardner667 (PERTH); Lake King,A.S. George329 (PERTH); 13 miles [21 km] EofLakeGrace,27Sep. 1975,J.IV. Green4445 (PERTH);Quairading, G.J. Keigheiy 2260 (PERTH); MtGlasse, BremerRange, K.R. Newbey5593 (PERTH). Dist!ibution. EndemictoWesternAustralia,fromGalenasouth-easttotheBremerRangeand south to LakeKing. (Figure2A) G.L.Keigherv’,Psammomoya,ataxonomicreview 387 Figure I.A-C.Psammomoyachorelroides. A-wholeplant(scalehar=20mm),B-llowcringbranch,C-apexofbranchlet. D F, Psammomoyaimplexa.D noweringbranch(scalebar=25mm),E-apexorbranchlet,F-tlower. Drawnfrom./IF. Green4445 (A-C)andC.A. Gardner 12031 (D-F). Habitat. Known from various vegetation types including Eucalyptus salmonophloia woodland, Allocasuarinaspp.shrubland,heathwithemergentmalicesorlowheath.Soilswherethisspeciesgrows includegreysand,yellowsandy clay, lateritic sandorbrownclayey sand. Floweringtime. AugusttoOctober. Conservation.status. Widespread andwell conserved. Notes. Psammomoyachoretroides is closelyrelated to P. implexa. See notes underthe latterspecies. 388 NuytsiaVol. 14,No. 3(2002) 2.PsammomoyaimplexaKeighery,sp. nov. Frutex usque ad 1 m altus, ramis principalibus intricate ramosis, 6-costatis, non viscidis; apex mm atrobrunneusvel niger,pungens, 5-7 longus. Typus: nearWilroy,WesternAustralia,29August]945,C.A.Gan/ner7547{holo:PERTH 02791501; iso: PERTH 02792532, 02793415, 02793423, 02793431). Shrubto 1 mtall,intricatelybranched;mainbranches6-ribbed,notviscid.Branchlets6-ribbed,not viscid;apexpungent,5-7mmlong,darkbrownorblack. Cataphyllsc. 1 mmlong,darkbrownorblack, the pairs ofcataphylls separated by 17-22 mm intemodes on main branches. Flowers single or in fasciclesof2-4,oftenappearingsessilebutonapedicel0.5-1.1 mm long. Sepalsbroadlytriangular, 0.6-0.9mm. Pe/aTvovate-deltate, 1.8-2.2mmlong, insertedbelowmarginofdisc; lllament mm mm mm lessthan 0.6 long;antherc. 0.5 long.Disc fleshy, 1.5-2.0 diam. Ovaryhalfimmersedin mm disc, 2-locular.Stylec. 0.2 long; stigmaobscurely2-lobed. Capsulen.v. (Figure ID-F) Otherspecimensexamined. WESTERNAUSTRALIA: 36.8kmNofWubin,25Aug. 1998,R.Davis 6480 (PERTH);nearWilroy, 29 Aug. 1945, C.A. Gardner7547 (PERTH); Ninghamto Whitew'ells, C.A. Gardner 12031 (PERTH);0.4 kmS ofMorris Rdon McWhirterRd. c. 35 kmNofMorawa,27 July 1996,B..J.Lepschi2738& T.R. 7,o//v(PERTH); 1 kmWofLittlesBore,GabyonStation, 15Aug. 1993,S. Van Vreeswyk3766 (PERTH); Wilroy,J.Z. Weber 5140 (AD, PERTH). Distribution. EndemictoWesternAustralia,recordedfromWilroyandGabyonStationsouth-eastto nearWubinandnearNingham Station. (Figure2B) Habitat. This speciesisrecorded as occurringon stonyridges. Floweringtime. AugusttoOctober. Conservation status. Conservation Codes for Western Australian Flora: Priority Three. Probably presentin WilroyNatureReserveand in unallocated Crown land. Etymology. TheepithetisfromtheGreekw'ordtorintricatelybranched,referringtothemuchbranched habitofthe species. Notes. ApoorlyknownspeciespreviouslyhousedatPERTHasPsammomoyapetraeaKeigheryms. Collectionsofthisspecies infruitareneeded. Psammomoyaimplexaw'aspreviouslyconfusedwithP.choretroides.However,thetwospeciesare disjunctindistributionandthereareconstantdiflercncesinhabitat,morphologyandhabitatpreference. Psammomoyachoretroidesisasmallcompacterectshrubw'hiehhas4-angled,usuallyviscid,stemsand erectbranchletsvvithanobtuseapexcoveredbycataphylls.Psammomoyaimplexaisalargespreading much-bianchedshtaib,whichhasrigidnon-viscid6-ribbed stemsandnumerousspreadingbranchlets endingin alongblackpungentpoint. 3.PsammomoyaephedroidesDiels&Loes.inL.Diels&E.Pritzel,Bot.Jahbr.Syst. 35 :340(1904). Type, .^toward King George Sound, Western Australia, 1892, collector unknown, (holo: B n.v., ?destroyed; iso: MEL 100678). G.J. Keigher>',Psummomoya,ataxonomicreview 389 Figure2. Distribution maps. A-Psummomoyachorctroidcs'. B-P. ephedroides andP. implexa A;C P. grundiflora. 390 NuytsiaVol. 14,No.3 (2002) Illustrations. Diels& Pritzel (1904: fig. 41J-L);Jessup (1984: fig. 42H,J). m Much-branched tangled spreading shrub, to 1.5 x 1.5 m; main stems spreading to erect, with mm numerous short side branchlets. Branchlets rigid, 15-35 long, 4-angled and 4-sulcate; apex pungent,2-5mmlong,black. Cafaphyllslinear,0.5-0.7mmlong,darkbrownorblack. F/ovver^mostly mm mm solitaiy;pedicel 1.5-2.0 long. Sepalsbroadlyovate,0.8-1.0 long.Petalsovate-oblong,2.7- mm mm mm 3.5 long. Stamensinsertedonmarginol'disc;filamentr. 1.5 long;antherc. 0.7 long.D/.vc mm mm thin, 1.0-1.5 diam.Ovaryscarcelyimmersed,3-locular. Style1.3-1.5 long;stigmaobscurely mm 3-lobed. Capsule without persistent corolla, 3-valved, ellipsoid, 5-6 long. Seeds narrowly mm mm ellipsoid,3.5-4.5 long,c. 2.5 wide,nearlyhalfimmersed inthearil. (Figure3A.B) Otherspecimensexamined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Murgoo Station,A.M. Ashby3298B (AD, PERTH); Toolonga,A.A. Burbidge33 (PERTH);N ofMurchison RiverBridge, C.A. Gardner2539 (PERTH); Murchison River, C.A. Gardner 13199 (PERTH); Murchison River, Aug. 1931, C.A. Gardner& W.E.Blackalls.n. (PERTH);Galena,Gittens 1579(PERTH);35kmNofMurchisonRiver Bridge,R.V. Smith 66/307 (PERTH, MEL). Distribution.EndemictoWesternAustralia,extendingfromToolongaStationeasttoMurgooStation. (Figure2B) Habitat.Psammomoyaephedroidesoccursinheathsandshrublandsondeepyellowmrredsandyloams. Floweringtime. Julyto September. Conservationstatus. Notconsidered to be at risk. Psammomoya ephedroides is present in Kalbarri National Park and ToolongaNature Reserve. Itis also known from several stations and is probably presentonunallocatedCrown landbetweentheseareas. Notes. PreciouslyconfusedwithP. grandiflora(seenotesunderthatspecies). ThetypecollectioncouldnothavebeenmadeclosetoKingGeorgeSound orthe StirlingRange assuggestedtentativelybyDielsandLoesener(/«Diels&Pritzel 1904),asthisspeciesisknownonly fromnorthofGeraldton. 4. PsammomoyagrandifloraKeigheiy,sp. nov. Frutex erectus. Ramuli non spinescentes, apicibus acutis. Cataphylla circa 2 mm longa. Pedicelli 3—5 mmlongi. Petalaovato-oblongaadtriangulares,6—7mmlonga.Filamenta2.5-3.5 mm longa. Capsulaincorollapersistent! circumdata, 3 valvata, 6-8mmlonga. Typus: MtGibson, 29°36’ S, 117°11’ E, WesternAustralia,3 October \9iA,B.H. SmithASA{holo: PERTH 02791498; iso: MEL, CANB, AD, HO, MO). Illustration. Jessup (1984: fig. 421). SpreadingqxqcXshrubto80cmhighand 1 mw'ide;brancheserectorspreading,moreorlessterete. Branchletserect,4-anglcdand4-sulcate;apexveryshort,soft,acute,coveredbycataphylls.Cataphylls G.L.Keigher)',Psammomoya,ataxonomicreview 391 ligurc3. AM.J\sainfiiomo\(tephedroichs. A How'eringbranch(scalebar=5mm).B -apcxolbranchlct. C-l:. I'sLWunomoya yrumliflora. C llowcringbranch(scalebar 30mm),I)-apexolbranchlet,E bracts. DrawnIrom.(..)/..I.v/7M'.'2986(A.B) and IromB.H. Smith2085(C'-E). linear-lanceolate, c. 2 mm long,darkbrownorblack,thepairsofcataphyllsseparated by 17-24mm mm intemodesonthemainbranches. Flowersmostlysolitary;pedicel3-5 long. Sepalsbroadlyovate, 1.5-2.0 mm long. Petals ovate-oblong to triangular, 6-7 mm long, white. Stamens inserted below marginsofdisc;niamcnt2.5-3.5mmlong;antherc. 0.7mm long.Discthin.2.5-3.2mmdiam.Ovaiy scarcelyimmersedindisc,3-celled. Stylec. 2 mm long;stigmaobscurely 3-lobed. Capsuleenclosed mm byapersistenteorolla.3-valvcd(orrarely2-valvedbyabortion),ellipsoid,6-8 long, 1-3-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid, v. 3 mm long, black, hairimmersed in the aril. (I'igure3C-li) Otherspecimensexamined. WESTERNAUSTRALIA:betweenDalgarangaand Mtbanner,27°44 S, 1 17°t3’ E, J.S. Beard 7184 (PERTH); East Yuna Reserve, A.C. Burns 1 (PERTH); East Yuna 392 XuytsiaVoi. 14.No. 3 (2002) Reserve,/!.C. Burns3(PERTH);EastYunaReserve,H.C. Burns22(PERTH);MtGibson,Nov. 1968, C.A. Gardners.n. (PERTH);No.2RabbitProofFenee,30°13’ S, 1 17°12’ E,B.H. Smith2085(PERTH). Distribution. EndemietoWesternAustralia,knownonlyfromseatteredloealitiesfromEastYunaeast to Mt Farmerand south-easttothe Mt Gibson area. (Figure 2C) Habitat. On MtGibsonPsammomoyagrandifioraoeeurs in.illocasiiarinaJGrevilleaand Melaleuca thieketonredloamoverjasperlite.AtEastYunatherecordedhabitatis“rocky”, andnearMt Fanner thespeciesoccurs in sandplain with bowgadaand spinifex. Floweringtime. Augustto October. Conservation status. Not considered to be at risk. Psammomoyagrandifiora, while poorly known, occurs in naturereservesatEastYunaand MtGibson. There isconsiderable uncleared landbetween thesetwo locationsthatcould includeadditional populations. Etymology. The specificname denotes the large flowers ofthisspecies. Notes. Psammomoya grandifiora is related to P. ephedroides and was pre\iously included in this species,butdiffersinha\ingnon-pungentbranchlets,largercataphylls,longerpedicels,largerflowers andthe capsuleenclosed by apersistentcorolla. Discussion Thegenushasdiversifiedonthenorthernand north-eastern marginsofthe South West Botanical Province ot Western Australia. The lourspecies tall intotwogroups ofclosely related species, one comprised ot Psammomoya choretroides and P. implexa, and the other of P. ephedroides and P. grandifiora. In both cases, these groups have one species occurring on deep sandy soils and the second onrocky outcrops. Acknowledgements AgrantfromtheAustralianBiologicalResourcesStudyenabledtheauthortochecktypecollections heldintheNational Herbariumot Victoria,Melbourne.Accesstothecollectionswasprovidedbythe curatorand staffofMEL. References Crantield. R.,1.&Lander,N.S.(1992). .ipcitophyllummucgHtivniyi(Celastaraceae),anewspeciesfromsoiilh-wesl Western Au.stralia. Xiiyi.'i/u8: 191-194. Diels, L. & Pntzel, H. (1904). Iragnienta plntograpliie Auslraliae occidenlalis. BoUmhehe Jahrhiicher fiir Sv.aeimitik. Pthinzengeschidve unciPflanzeiigeographie 35: 55-662. Jessup.1..W.(1984). Celastraceac.I,i:floraofAustralia."Vol.22.pp. 150-180. (AustralianGovernmentPuhlishinuSer\ice: Canberra.) McGillivra\. D..1.(1971). .Ipcnophyllum:an interestingnewAustraliangenusinthelamilvCelastraceac. KewBulletin25: 401-406. Morley. B.D.&Toelken.1l.R.(1983). "FloweringPlantsinAu.stralia." (Rigby Publishers: Adelaide.)