Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Plant Systematics

411 Pages·1983·26.47 MB·English

by  F. Ehrendorfer (auth.)

Proceedings in Life Sdences
Proteins and Nucleic Acids
in Plant Systematics
Edited by
u.
Jensen and D. E. Fairbrothers
With 148 Figures
Springer~erlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1983
Prof. Dr. U. JENSEN
Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenökologie
und Systematik
Universität Bayreuth
8580 Bayreuth
FRG
Prof. Dr. D. E. FAIRBROTHERS
Department of Biological Sciences (Botany)
Rutgers University
Piscataway, N.J. 08854
USA
ISBN -13 :9 78-3-642-69289-5 e-ISBN -13 : 978-3-642-69287-1
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69287-1·
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1983
Softcover reprint of the hardcover Ist edition 1983
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2131/3130-543210
Preface
The continued rapid expansion of molecular biology, genetics, and
macromolecular biochemistry has provided significant data for ana
lyses, interpretations, and incorporation into plant phylogenetic re
search and plant classification. These disciplines have produced techni
ques and methods which enable the evolutionary biologists to obtain
new and provocative information, especially about those substances
which are coupled with the genetic material. In July, 1982 these im
portant biochemical substances extracted from living plant organs, tis
sues or cells were the subject of an International Symposium held at
the University of Bayreuth, Federal Republic of Germany, entitled
Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Plant Systematics. At this Symposium
German scientists communicated with leading scientists from eleven
other countries. The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft generously
supported this symposium and thus enabled the exchange of data,
ideas, and new scientific proposals. This book contains 26 contribu
tions delivered at the Symposium, which review the present status of
Plant Macromolecular Systematics. The two editors acknowledge the
effort of the Springer Verlag and their indispensable help with the
preparation of this publication.
Bayreuth, FRG and U. JENSEN and
New Brunswick, NJ, USA D.E. FAIRBROTHERS
November 1983
Contents
Nucleic Acids
Quantitative and Qualitative Differentiation ofNuclear DNA
in Relation to Plant Systematics and Evolution
F. EHRENDORFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Phylogenetic Significance of Nucleotide Sequence Analysis
H. KÖSSEL, K. EDWARDS, E. FRITZSCHE, W. KOCH, and
Zs. SCHWARZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 36
Comparative Oligonucleotide Cataloguing of 18 S Ribosomal
RNA in Phylogenetic Studies of Eukaryotes
L. STÖCKLEIN, W. LUDWlG, K.H. SCHLEIFER, and
E. STACKEBRANDT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58
Phylogenetic Information Derived from tRNA Sequence Data
M. SPRINZL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63
Proteins: Structural Properties
From Genes to Pro teins Genotypic and Phenotypic Analysis of
DNA Sequences by Protein Sequencing
K. BEYREUTHER, K. STÜBER, B. BIESELER, J. BOVENS,
R. DILDROP, T. GESKE, I. TRIESCH, K. TRINKS, S. ZAISS,
and R. EHRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85
Protein Characters and their Systematic Value
P. v. SENGBUSCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 105
Plant Pro tein Sequence Data Revisited
D. BOULTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 119
Discrimination among Infraspecific Taxa using Electrophoretic
Data
H. STEGEMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124
Monoclonal Antibodies: Scope, and Limitations in Phylogenetic
Studies
S.FAZEKASdeST.GROTH ....................... 129
VIII Contents
Particular Pro teins Contributing to Phylogeny and Taxonomy
Phycobiliproteins and Phyeobiliprotein Organization in the
Photosynthetie Apparatus of Cyanobaeteria, Red Algae, and
Cryptophytes
W. WEHRMEYER ............................... 143
Phylogenetic Consideration of Ferredoxin Sequences in PIants,
Partieularly Algae
H. MATSUBARA and T. HASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168
Polypeptide Composition of Rubiseo as an Aid in Studies of
Plant Phylogeny
S.G. WILDMAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 182
Rubisco in the Brassicaeeae
M.P. ROBBINS and J.G. VAUGHAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191
Rubiseo as a Taxonomie Tool in the Genus Erysimum (Bras
sicaeeae)
K. BOSBACH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205
Isozyme Number and Phylogeny
L.D. GOTTLlEB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 209
Enzyme Promes in the Genus Capsella
H. HURKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 222
Seed Storage Proteins
U. JENSEN and B. GRUMPE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 238
Pollen Proteins
F.P. PETERSEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 255
Serological Protein Properties Contributing to Phylogeny and
Taxonomy
Analysis of Immunotaxonomie Data Obtained from Spur
Identifieation and Absorption Techniques
R.N. LESTER, P.A. ROBERTS, and C. LESTER. . . . . . . . . .. 275
Serological Investigation of the Annoniflorae (Magnoliiflorae,
Magnolidae)
D.E. FAIRBROTHERS and F.P. PETERSEN .............. 301
Proteins, Mimiery, and Mieroevolution in Grasses
P .M. SMITH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 311
Immunochemistry and Phylogeny of Seleeted Leguminosae
Tribes
G. CRISTOFOLINI and P. PERl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
Contents IX
Seed Protein Characters in the Study of Inter-and Intraspecific
Relationships within the Phaseoleae (Fabaceae)
E. KLOZovA, V. TURKOVA, and J. SVACHULOvA ....... 341
Serological Investigation of a Hybrid Swarm Population of
Pinus sylvestris L. x Pinus mugo Turra, and the Antigenic
Differentiation of Pinus sylvestris L. in Sweden
W. PRUS-GLOWACKI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 352
Preliminary Immuno-Electrophoretic Comparison of Selected
Korean Quercus Species
Y.S. LEE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 362
Serological Data and Current Plant Classifications
The Importance of Modern Serological Research for Angio
sperm Classification
R. DAHLGREN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 371
Symposium Statements and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 395
Subject Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 401
Contributors
Yo u will find the addresses at the beginning of the respective contribution
Beyreuther; K. 85 Lester, R.N. 275
Bieseler, B. 85 Ludwig, W. 58
Bosbach, K. 205 Matsubara, H. 168
BouIter, D. 119,395 Peri, P. 324
Bovens, J. 85 Petersen, F.P. 255,301
CristofoIini, G. 324 Prus-Glowacki, W. 352
Dahlgren, R. 371 Robbins, M.P. 191
Dildrop, R. 85 Roberts, P.A. 275
Edwards, K. 36 Schleifer, K.H. 58
Ehrendorfer, F. 3 Schwarz, Z. 36
Ehring, R. 85 Sengbusch, P.v. 105
Fairbrothers, D.E. 301,395 Smith, P.M. 311
Fazekas de S1. Groth, S. 129 Sprinzl, M. 63
Fritzsche, E. 36 Stackebrandt, E. 58
Geske, T. 85 Stegemann, H. 124
GottIieb, L.D. 209 Stöcklein, L. 58
Grumpe, B. 238 Stüber, K. 85
Hase, T. 168 Svachulova, J. 341
Hurka, H. 222 Triesch, I. 85
Jensen, U. 238,395 Trinks, K. 85
Klozova, E. 341 Turkova, V. 341
Koch, W. 36 Vaughan, J.G. 191
Kössel, H. 36 Wehrmeyer, W. 143
Lee, Y.S. 362 WiIdman, S.G. 182
Lester, C. 275 Zaiss, S. 85
Nucleic Acids
Quantitative and Qualitative Differentiation
of Nuclear DNA in Relation
to Plant Systematics and Evolution
F. EHRENDORFER 1)
Abstract. The present state of contributions from biochemistry, karyology, and eukaryote cyto
genetics to the phylogenetic differentiation of nuclear DNA, chromatin, and nucleotype in plants
is surveyed. Major methodologies include cytophotometry, CsCI-ultracentrifugation, HAP-chro
matography, DNA denaturation and reassociation kinetics, DNA/DNA and DNA/RNA hybridiza
tion, restrietion endonuclease digestion, DNA cloning etc.; their applicability and results are brief
ly considered.
Amounts of nuclear DNA usually are specific to species or even larger taxa, but extremes may
diverge by as much as 1: 10 and 1: 50 within certain genera and families, and 1: 500 within the
angiosperms as a whole. Both DNA increase and decrease occur, and these quantitative changes
partly influence the (ultra)structure of interphase nuclei and chromatin. Giemsa, fluoro chromes
and other stains demonstrate eu-and heterochromatin differentiation as chromosome banding.
Up to 99% and even more of nuclear DNA in eukaryotic plants is not transcribed, is more or less
redundant and often highly repetitive (particularly in the heterochromatin). Changes in non-re
petitive, repetitive, and total DNA are correlated but follow different ratios in different species
groups, genera or families of plants and in animals. Examples from Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae,
Fabaceae, Asteraceae-Anthemideae and -Microseridinae, Liliaceae, Poaceae etc. illustrate the
systematic relevance of these nucleotype parameters and their correlations with cell cycles, life
forms, karyotypic stability etc.
Differences in DNA base composition are important systematic indicators in lower plants only.
More detailed comparisons of DNA from different species as revealed by bulk or nonrepetitive
DNA/DNA hybridization are available for a few plant groups (e.g. Chlorella, Osmunda, cereal
grasses, and Atriplex), but still difficult to interpret. Hybridizing cRNA from particular satellite
or cloned repetitive DNA sequences in situ onto denatured chromosomal DNA (and partly also
onto endonuclease digested DNA tracks) gives remarkably precise' informations on their loeation
within the karyotype and on their homologies within and between species of Scilla, Secale, Tri
ticum, and Aegilops. These data complement information from reassociation experiments on
characteristic interspersion patterns of unique and medium to highly repeated sequences for sev
eral angiosperms. Even the physical mapping of several cloned repeats and subrepeats recently has
become possible in rye. The genomes of cereal grasses (oats, barley, rye, and wheat) thus are
shown to exhibit a hierarchical structure reflecting their evolutionary differentiation. The repeat
ed DNA families are simple or interspersed in a more and more complex way, and they are either
species-specific or common to smaller or larger groups of common descent. All this suggests cycles
of amplifications, interspersions, and re placements of relatively "movable" DNA sequences as
decisive mechanisms of speciation and evolutionary divergence.
Institut flir Botanik und Botanischer Garten der Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, A-I030 Vienna,
Austria
Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Plant Systematics
(ed. by U. Jensen and D.E. Fairbrothers)
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1983