Table Of Content

Contents Contents Protective Gloves for Occupational Use This revised text discusses key aspects for protective gloves, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance. The book provides guidance on how to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment and presents hard-to-find information in one easy-to-use resource. It covers important concepts, including prevention of contact dermatitis, clinical testing of occupation-related glove sensitivity, and infection control and preventative measures for pandemics. The book • Provides update state-of-the-art information, practices, standards, and guidelines. • Covers information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects. • Explores ways to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment. • Discusses concepts, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to standardized technical methods in vivo. The text will be useful for professionals in the fields of occupational medicine, occupational health, occupational and industrial hygiene, health care, and public health. It will also help graduate students in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health. This book offers a wealth of information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects. It gives detailed discussion of parameters, including the selection and use of gloves for industrial chemicals, acrylates, and pesticides, and gloves as protection against microbial contamination. It will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, healthcare, public health, chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, occupational, and environmental health. Protective Gloves for Occupational Use Third Edition Edited by Robert N. Phalen and Howard I. Maibach Third edition published 2023 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 and by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Robert N. Phalen and Howard I. Maibach, individual chapters, the contributors First edition published by CRC Press 1994 Second edition published by CRC Press 2019 Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit- ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www .copyright .com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions @tandf .co .uk Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Phalen, Robert N., editor. | Maibach, Howard I., editor. Title: Protective gloves for occupational use / edited by Robert N. Phalen and Howard Maibach. Description: Third edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2023. | Revised edition of: Protective gloves for occupational use / edited by Anders Boman ... [et al.]. 2nd ed. c2005. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022020986 (print) | LCCN 2022020987 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367649005 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367649050 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003126874 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Contact dermatitis--Prevention. | Protective clothing. | Dermatotoxicology. | Industrial hygiene. | Occupational diseases. Classification: LCC RL244 .P76 2023 (print) | LCC RL244 (ebook) | DDC 616.5/1--dc23/eng/20220629 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022020986 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022020987 ISBN: 9780367649005 (hbk) ISBN: 9780367649050 (pbk) ISBN: 9781003126874 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003126874 Typeset in Times by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editors .......................................................................................................................xi Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii Terminology and Abbreviations ............................................................................xvii SECTION I Introduction to Prevention and Protective Gloves Chapter 1 Prevention of Contact Dermatitis .........................................................3 S. H. Dou and H. I. Maibach Chapter 2 Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use of Protective Gloves ..................................................................................7 W. Xu Chapter 3 Gloves: Types, Materials, and Manufacturing ...................................17 Marie-Noëlle Crépy and Pierre Hoerner Chapter 4 Extraction and Chemistry of Rubber Allergens .................................45 Paul D. Siegel SECTION II Regulations and Standards Chapter 5 European Standards on Protective Gloves .........................................63 K.F. Mose, R. Bach, and M-N. Crépy Chapter 6 US Rules, Regulations, and Standards for Protective Gloves for Occupational Use ..........................................................................71 N.W. Henry and R.N. Phalen v vi Contents Chapter 7 Japanese Regulations and Standards for Medical and Dental Grade Gloves ..........................................................................79 K. Matsunaga T. Ohhara, A. Takeuchi, R. Nakaoka, and Y. Haishima Chapter 8 Australian Standards for Protective Gloves .....................................107 D.L. McGeachie and R.L. Nixon Chapter 9 Regulations and Standards for Protective Gloves for Occupational Use in Croatia ............................................................113 M. Bubaš and S. Ljubojevic Hadzavdic Chapter 10 Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals ....................121 R.N. Phalen Chapter 11 Standard Quality Control Testing, Virus Penetration, and Glove Durability ........................................................................141 R.N. Phalen and Y.K. Hamidi Chapter 12 In Vivo Testing of the Protective Effect of Gloves ...........................171 N. Hamnerius, C. Svedman, M. Bruze, and O. Bergendorff SECTION III Glove Sensitivity and Effects on Skin Chapter 13 Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves: An Overview ....................................................................................185 S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach Chapter 14 Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Rubber and Plastic Gloves .........193 S. Levitt and H.I. Maibach Chapter 15 Clinical Testing of Occupational Glove Sensitivity .........................215 K.F. Mose and R. Bach Chapter 16 Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity ..........................227 A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman Contents vii Chapter 17 Allergic Responses to Powdered Natural Rubber Latex Gloves in Healthcare Workers ..........................................................247 A.M. Giménez-Arnau and A. Salman Chapter 18 Other Reactions from Gloves ...........................................................261 T. Bullock, A. Sood, and J.S. Taylor Chapter 19 Occlusion vs. Contact Dermatitis .....................................................285 T. Tran and H. I. Maibach SECTION IV Protection against Chemical and Microbial Agents Chapter 20 Gloves and Dermal Exposure to Chemicals ....................................303 K.S. Galea and J.W. Cherrie Chapter 21 Percutaneous Absorption of Chemicals from Fabric (Textile) .........339 J. L. Bormann, A. S. F. Acipayam, and H. I. Maibach Chapter 22 Practical Considerations When Selecting and Using Gloves for Chemical Protection ...................................................................355 C.L. Packham and H.E. Taylor Chapter 23 Glove Selection for Work with Acrylates Including Those Cured by Ultraviolet, Visible Light, or Electron Beam .........377 R.N. Phalen and D.M. Ceballos Chapter 24 Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves ...........................397 D.M. Ceballos and R.N. Phalen Chapter 25 The Selection and Use of Gloves against Pesticides ........................421 J.B. Nielsen and R.N. Phalen Chapter 26 Gloves as Protection against Microbial Contamination ...................439 R.N. Phalen viii Contents SECTION V Special Topics Chapter 27 Hydro-Alcoholic Gels and Glove Use ..............................................451 J.-M. Lachapelle Chapter 28 Clinical Relevance of Masks in the Operating Room ......................459 H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach Chapter 29 Are Masks Effective as Source Control in Index Influenza Patients? A Review ...........................................................................463 H.N. Mechels and H.I. Maibach Chapter 30 Extended Use and Disinfection of N95 Respirators and Exam Gloves During a Pandemic ....................................................469 R.N. Phalen, J-M. Lachapelle, and Y.K. Hamidi Index ......................................................................................................................479 Preface Twenty-eight years after the first edition of Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, the topic is still an important and widely discussed area of personal protective equip- ment. The second edition provided considerable updates on the research and devel- opment, providing state-of-the-art information on glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to standardized technical methods. This third edition provides critical updates on the changes in glove manufacturing, the evolving chemistry of rubber contact allergens in gloves, as well as changes in regulations and standardized tests used to evaluate glove performance and aid in their selection. Updates on glove sensitivity and effects on the skin are also provided. Dermatitis that results from exposure to chemicals, wet work, and even protective gloves themselves remains as common as ever before. Exposure to chemicals occurs in occupational, domestic, and leisure situations. Protective gloves help prevent new cases of dermatitis and enable patients with already established dermatitis to con- tinue to work and enjoy a high-quality life. Information on this subject provides a solid basis for the correct choice of glove materials and offers essential details that help produce guidelines for the occupational use of protective gloves. This book focuses on protection from chemical and biological agents and adverse reactions caused by protective gloves. Since the second edition was published, rubber chemical additives from both natural and synthetic rubber gloves can be quite complex and rubber accelerator contact allergy remains a problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created unique issues concerning glove availability, use, extended use, and disinfection in healthcare. This third edition draws from and builds on the material of the second edition, with the addition of eight new chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of contact dermatitis. Chapters 2 and 22 summarize basic guidelines for when and how to choose protective gloves for occupational use. Chapters 3 and 10 through 12 provide comprehensive information about glove materials, permeation testing, penetration testing, and durability. Chapters 6 through 9 document the current US, European, Japanese, and Australian standards for gloves. Chapters 13 through 19 describe the adverse effects of protective gloves. Chapters 20 and 21 describe dermal exposures to chemicals through gloves and fabrics (e.g., textiles). Chapters 22 through 26 detail selection instructions that will make it easier for workers in specific areas to choose protective gloves for chemical and biological agents. Chapter 23 provides an exten- sive review of the associated dermatological problems and selection of gloves for work with acrylates. Chapter 27 provides an important update on alcoholic gels and glove use, especially as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters 28 and 29 provide a further review of the effectiveness of masks for source control, which has become an additional consideration during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 30 provides new information on the extended use and disinfection of N95 respirators and exam gloves during the COVID-19 pandemic. ix