Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Latin America: A Legal and Anthropological Study PDF
Preview Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Latin America: A Legal and Anthropological Study
Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition 3 Anna Friederike Busch Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Latin America A Legal and Anthropological Study Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition Volume 3 SeriesEditors JosefDrexl,Germany RetoM.Hilty,Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13275 Anna Friederike Busch Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Latin America A Legal and Anthropological Study AnnaFriederikeBusch Berlin Germany ISSN2199-7462 ISSN2199-7470 (electronic) MunichStudiesonInnovationandCompetition ISBN978-3-662-46769-5 ISBN978-3-662-46770-1 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-662-46770-1 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015939267 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) “Nothingismorethrillingorbeautifulthan the flight of Morpho butterflies, filling the dark trails of tropical forests with scintillating blue flashes from their iridescent wings. ... Ihavesatformanypleasanthourswiththe Kayapo(cid:2)watching the kilometers-long strings of ‘were- ngra˜ngra˜’ ... and their ribbons of colour as they hover, drink and flutter on the sandy beaches and river banks... ...it is predictable that insects would play an important role in cultural knowledge, material culture and belief systems of Amerinds.” Darrell AddisonPosey,in:D.A.Posey and K. Plenderleith (Eds.), 2004, Indigenous Knowledge and Ethics. A Darrell Posey Reader, Routledge New York and London “.... and ... you cannot step twice into the same stream.” Heraclitus (as quotedby Plato, Carylus, in 402, a). ThiSisaFMBlankPage Preface ThisthesiswaswrittenattheMaxPlanckInstituteforInnovationand Competition and the Faculty of Law of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich. Part of researchwasdonethroughfieldresearchinPanama,Ecuador,BrazilandArgentina. The work contributes to interdisciplinary research at the interface of law and anthropology,intheareaofintellectualproperty(IP)rightsandcustomarylaw. I would like to thank, first of all, my supervisor Prof. Dr. Josef Drexl, LL.M. (Berkeley), Director of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, andmysecondrefereeProf.Dr.Dr.h.c.WolfgangFikentscher,LL.M.(Michigan), fortheiroutstandingsupportandsupervisionofthisthesis,highlyvaluableadvice andinspiringdiscussions. I would also like to thank Sibylle Schlatter, my academic advisor, for her exceptional support and personal engagement, Adj Professor (Franklin Pierce CenterforIP,UniofNH)Dr.SilkevonLewinski,forhighlyvaluablediscussions and for inviting me to the XIII. Session of the IGC on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore of WIPO, Prof. Marie- Claire Foblets, Director of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology and Prof.Dr.Dr.h.c.AnnetteKur,Dr.des.AnnaMeiserforthevaluableinput,andthe Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition for the scholarship and financialsupportoftheinternationalresearch. I can’t thank enough the Latin American contributors to this work, who supported my research on the ground and shared their practical experiences, including Yahelis Arenas, Aresio Valiente L(cid:2)opez, Atencio L(cid:2)opez Martinez, Luis Touaris—one of the most impressive encounters of my life, Luz Celeste R´ıos de Davis, Rodrigo de la Cruz, Egberto Tabo Chipunavi, Valent´ın Mu´ıba, Jenny Mu~noz, Karin Grau-Kuntz, Marcos Alves de Souza, Juliana Santilli, Jose´ Carlos Levinho, Ana Cristina Bandeira Lins, Daniel Munduruku´, Fernanda Kaingang, LucianoCuervoM.,FernandoZapata,AlbertoUsieto-Blanco. Finally,andaboveall,Iwanttothankmyfamily. Berlin,Germany AnnaFriederikeBusch 2014 vii ThiSisaFMBlankPage Contents ChapterI. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section1. Aim,Focus,andBackgroundoftheStudy. . . . . . . . .. . . . 2 Section2. ConcreteResearchQuestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section3. MethodsApplied. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A. ClassicJuridicalMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B. TheProperPerspective:ModesofThoughtandtheEmic Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 C. KeyAspect:Preconception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 D. IndividualApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section4. ConcreteResearchActivitiesandProcedures. . . . . . . . . . . 12 Section5. ConceptionandContentoftheStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ChapterII. ElementaryAspectsofProtectingTCEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Section1. TerminologyandScopeofAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A. Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 I. TheTerm“TraditionalCulturalExpressions”. . . . . . . . . . 27 II. “TCEs”Insteadof“Folklore”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 III. “ExpressionsofFolklore”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 IV. “Traditional”and“Indigenous”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 B. Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 I. DefinitionsandContentof“TCEs”asObjectsof Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 1. Official(Working)DefinitionsandUnderstandings ofTCEs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 a. GeneralAspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 b. IntangibleandTangibleExpressions. . . . . . . . . . . 36 c. CollectiveandIndividualExpressions. . . . . . . . . 37 d. Traditional,Dynamic,andRevitalizedAspects. . . 39 ix
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