Protected Agriculture in the Arabian Peninsula

116 Pages·2008·6.41 MB·English

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Protected Agriculture in the
Arabian Peninsula
Summary Proceedmgs ofan InternatIOnal Workshop
15-18 February 1998, Doha, Qatar
EdItors
Ahmed T. Moustafa
Department ofAgrrcultural& WaterResearch, Doha, Qatar
Abdulrahman AI Mohammadi
DepartmentofAgrrcultural & WaterResearch, Doha, Qatar
Ayman Abou-Hadid
Am Shams Unrverslty, CaIro, Egypt
and
John M. Peacock
ArabIan Penmsula RegIonal Program, ICARDA, Dubal, UAE
Sponsors
Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nation (FAO)
Department ofAgncultural & Water Research, Qatar (DAWR)
International Centerfor Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
International Centerfor Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
(ICARDA)
1998
I
© 1998 International Centerfor Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas
(ICARDA)
All rights reserved
ICARDA encourages fair use ofthiS material ProperCitation IS requested
Citation: Moustafa, AT, A AI-Mohammadl, A Abou-Hadld and J M
Peacock 1998 Protected Agriculture In the Arabian Peninsula Summary
Proceedings of an International Workshop, 15-18 February 1998, Doha,
Qatar International Center for Agricultural Research In the Dry Areas,
Aleppo, Syria x + 104 pp
Language Editor Guy R Manners
ISBN 92-9127-081-4
ICARDA
POBox 5466, Aleppo, Syria
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
Telex (492) 331208,331263,331206 ICARDA SY
Website http //www cglar orgllcarda
E-mail ICARDA@cglarorg
The vIews expressed tn these proceedtngs are those of the authors and
not necessanly those of the sponsors or ICARDA The mentIon of trade
names does not Imply endorsement of or dlscnmtnatlOn agamst any
productbyICARDA
11
Contents
Foreword Vll
EdItors' Note IX
Aclmowledgments X
Introduction I
John M Peacock
OpeningAddresses 5
OpemngAddressbyMrAlI Bm SaadAl Kuwan 5
Undersecretary oftheMl1ustry ofMunzczpalAffazrsand
Agrzculture, Qatar
OpenmgAddress byProf DrAdelEI-Beltagy 7
DzrectorGeneral, ICARDA
OpenmgAddress byMrAbdulrahman Al Mahmoud 8
Dzrector, DepartmentofAgriculturaland WaterResearch
OpenmgAddressbyDrMahmoudB Solh 9
DzrectorofInternatwnal Cooperatwn, ICARDA
State ofthe Art ofProtectedAgriculture in theArabian Peninsula IO
OverVIewofProtectedAgnculture mthe ArabIanPemnsuia 10
AymanF Abou-Hadld
ProtectedAgrIculture mthe State ofBahram 13
Shezkh MohamedAbdul Wahab Al-Khalifa and
Mohammed T Al-Shazkh
ProtectedAgrIculture the State ofKUWaIt 17
III
AfafY AI-NasserandNR Bhat
ProtectedAgrlCulture mthe SultanateofOman 27
OsmanA Szdahmed, MuthzrS AlRawahyand
Fatma S AlRazsy
III
PlotectedAgnculture Inthe State ofQatar 31
AbdulrahmanAlMohammadl andAhmedT Moustafa
ProtectedAgnculture In theKIngdom ofSaudIArabIa 36
KhaledAlZelr
ProtectedAgnculture mthe Umted Arab EmIrates 40
MohamedSagerAlAsam
ProtectedAgnculture In the Republlc ofYemen 44
AmmA H Al-Klrslll and TaherAM Abbas
SummaryofDISCUSSIons 50
Structures and Climate Control for ProtectedAgriculturein Arid
Environments 53
Structure andCovenngMatenals ofGreenhouses In ArId, Hot
ClImates 53
Chnstwn vonZabeltltz
Greenhouse ClImate Control In And, WarmCountrIes State of
the AIt andProspectIve 54
AlamBazZle
Summary ofMaJorIssuesArlSlng andDISCUSSlOn 55
Future ActiVIties andResearchPnontIes 59
Soilless CultureandWaterUseEffiCIency 64
SOIlless Culture and WaterUse EffICIencyfor Greenhouses In
And, HotClImates 64
S W Burrage
Summary ofMaJorIssues ArIsmgandDISCUSSIOn 65
FutureActIVItIes andResearchPnontIes 68
IV
PostharvestIssues for ProtectedAgricultureProduction 70
PostharvestHandlmgandMomtonngofQuahty for Vegetables
Produced mGreenhouses underAndHot Chmates 70
WzlfnedH Schmtzler
SummaryofMa]orIssues Ansmg and DISCUSSIOn 70
FutureActIvItles andResearchPnontles 72
Integrated PlantProduction andProtection 73
RecentDevelopments mIntegratedProductlOnand ProtectIOn
Management for Greenhouse Crops CultlvatlOn 73
WO Baudom
IntegratedFoharDIseaseManagement for Greenhouses mAnd,
HotChmates 74
MohamedAbdel-LatifNoJal
IntegratedManagementofS011bome Pests for Greenhouses m
And, HotChmates 75
JamesJ Stapleton
SummaryofMa]orIssues Ansmg andDIscussIOn 76
FutureActIvItles andResearchPnontles 78
RegionalNetworking 81
ReglOnal Networks for ProtectedAgrIculture mthe ArabIan
Pemnsulam VIewofthe MedIterraneanExpenence 81
A Papasolomontos
SummaryofMa]orIssues Ansmg andDISCUSSIOn 82
Field Trips 86
IntroductIOn 86
HortIculture &GreenhouseExpenmental StatIon, Ottona 86
Arab QatanAgrIculturalProductIOn Company, Al Shahama 89
v
Al SamenaFarm,RawdatRashId, Al Shahama 92
AI-SulalteenAgrIcultural Complex 93
Strategyand Workplan 95
ProtectedAgrIcultureIIIthe ArabianPemnsula A Strategy and
Workplanfor ResearchandTransferofTechnology 95
AhmedT Moustafa
Summary ofDISCUSSIon 100
PartICIpants 101
VI
Foreword
Protected agrIculture represents the most mtensIVe and dynamIc fonn of
agrIcultural productIOn In the ArabIan Penmsula, the adverse clImatIc cond1tIons
ofharsh weather, scarcIty ofwater and lImIted land resources neceSSItate the use
of protected agrIculture where enV1ronment and productIOn-tImmg can be
controlledand yIeldcanbe Improved
Investment m protected agrIculture IS hIgh due to the cost of structures, good
qualIty water, hybnd seeds, speCIalIzed fertIlIzers, and chemIcal and bIOlogIcal
control To achIeve and mamtam h1gh levels of productIOn, well-tramed
technICIans and managers are reqUlred Well-des1gned greenhouses wIth
SOph1st1cated clImate-control facI11tIes can be very expenSIVe, but can prOVIde nch
dIVIdends It IS Important to recognIze that an efficIent greenhouse mdustry can
have a sIgn1ficant effectonthe economy ofa country
Protected agrIculture-wIth ItS assocIated growmg systems-ean mmImIze
envIronmental degradatIOn m a number of ways Compared wIth field crop
productIOn, protected agr1culture can
1 slgn1ficantlyreduce the amountofwater and fertllIzers utIlIzed m growmg the
product,
2 reduce and poss1bly elImmate the potentIal contammatIOn ofgroundwater by
fertIlIzers andpestIc1des,
3 prOVIdethepOSSIbIlItyofeconomIcallyproducmg 'orgamc' products,
4 elImmate or mmImIze the use oftOXIC pestICIdes through the adoptIOn ofan
unproved mtegrated plant productIOn and protectIOn program a1med at
preventmg mfestatIOn and useofbIOlogIcal control methods
To reVlew the state-of-the-art ofprotected agrIculture m the regIOn, thIS workshop,
the fIrst of1tS kmd, was orgamzed by the ArabIan Penmsula RegIOnal Program
(APRP) and financ1ally supported by the Arab Fund for EconomIC and SOCIal
Development (AFESD) and the InternatIOnal Fund for AgrIcultural Development
(IFAD) InternatIOnal experts m dIfferent aspects ofprotected agrIculture, together
w1th the regIOnal experts, researchers and speCIalIsts from the Arab1an Penmsula
countrIes attended thIS meetmg to exchange mfonnatIOn and d1SCUSS the present
andfuture forprotectedagrIculture m the ArabIan Penmsula
The majoraspectsofprotectedagr1culture addressed m thIS workshop were
• Greenhouse deSIgn, structure and covenngmatenals
• Growmg systems m relatIOn to water-use effiCIency, fert1gatIOn and
postharvesttechnology
• IntegratedplantproductIOnandprotectIOn
• RegIOnal networkmgfortheexchange ofexpenence and mfonnatIOn
Vll
The recommendatIOns from thIS meetmg fom1 the basIs for Immediate and long
term strategIes for protected-agnculture development m the ArabIan Penmsula
The Issue ofcommumcatIOn and exchange ofmformatIon was hIghlIghted m the
workshop and as a result a RegIonal Network for Protected AgrIculture IS bemg
developed
The meetmg was mamly supported by AFESD and IFAD The Food and
Agnculture OrgamzatIOn of the Umted NatIon (FAO) contnbuted partIally by
supportmg the partICIpatIOn of two SCIentIsts and fmancmg the edItIng of the
proceedmgs The workshop was orgamzed locally by the Mmistry of Mumcipal
Affairs and Agnculture ofQatarand ICARDA
It was a step m the nght dIrectIOn for the Arabian Pemnsula RegIOnal Program
(APRP) ofICARDA and the natIOnal, regIOnal and mternatIOnal experts to bU1ld a
strong, techmcally sound and effICIent protected-agnculture mdustry m the
ArabIan Pemnsula Itrust that the followmg pages and the associated web-SIte WIll
prove a valuable tool for all those mvolved m developmg protected agnculture m
the regIOn as we move mto the 21stcentury
c
Prof DrAdel El-Beltagy
DIrector General
ICARDA
Vlll
Editors' Note
These proceedmgs are only the first part of the output of the InternatIOnal
Workshop on ProtectedAgrIculture mthe ArabIan Pemnsula, held m Doha, Qatar,
on 15-18 February 1998 In addItIOn to the abstracts ofthe techmcal papers and
the summanes ofthe ensumg dIscussIOn sessIOns publIshed here, the full papers
WIll be made avaIlable In fact, thIS publIcation may be seen as a 'taster' for the
outputs ofthe DohaWorkshop
Forthose wIshmg to obtammore mformatIOn onthe techmcal presentatIOns ofthe
Workshop, the ArabIan Pemnsula RegIOnal Program (APRP) ofthe InternatIOnal
Center for AgrIcultural Research m the Dry Areas (ICARDA) has made the full
papers aVaIlable on Its HomePage For those WIthout Internet/World-WIde Web
access, the word-processed files (m MIcrosoft Word 97) are aVaIlable from the
APRP Office mDubaI Atthe time ofgomg topress, the APRP HomePage had yet
to be establIshed InformatIOn on how to access the mformatIOn can be obtamed
through the DubaI office
The APRP DubaI Office may be contacted bye-maIl at eIther
<zcdub@emzratesnetae> or<AMoustafa-t@cgzar org>
We hope that you WIll find the mformatIOn on the HomePage both easy to access
and relevant to your needs Look out for the dIscussIOn forum for matters of
relevance to protected agrIculture mpartIcularandto APRP m general
The Edztors
IX