Prostate Cancer PDF
Preview Prostate Cancer
Recent Results in Cancer Research Managing Editors P. M. Schlag, Berlin · H.-J. Senn, St. Gallen Associate Editors P. Kleihues, Zürich · F. Stiefel, Lausanne B. Groner, Frankfurt · A. Wallgren, Göteborg Founding Editor P. Rentchnik, Geneva J. Ramon · L.J. Denis (Eds.) Prostate Cancer With 47 Figures and 43 Tables 123 Jacob Ramon, MD Louis J. Denis, MD, FACS The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Director Oncology Centre Antwerp Tel-Hashomer Secretary Europa Uomo Ramat-Gan 52621 Lange Gasthuisstraat 35-37 Israel 2000 Antwerp Belgium Library of Congress Control Number: 2006932038 ISSN 0080-0015 ISBN 978-3-540-408970 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in databanks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September, 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com ©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant pro- tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Dr. Ute Heilmann, Heidelberg Desk editor: Dörthe Mennecke-Bühler, Heidelberg Production editor: Nadja Kroke, Leipzig Cover design: Frido Steinen-Broo, eStudio Calamar, Spain Typesetting: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 11683551 21/3100/YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0 V Preface Prostate cancer treatment dates back almost treatment approaches is examined in the subse- 100years. However, in an era of rapid develop- quent chapters of this volume. ments and innovations in cancer research and The text addresses the time-honoured hor- uro-oncology, there is an increasing need to monal treatment, which has been the mainstay update our knowledge and especially to guide of prostate cancer management for some de- our practice by innovations and evidence-based cades. Due to the increased diagnosis of prostate medicine. Prostate cancer is still evolving fol- cancer at earlier stages and the increased use of lowing improvements in disease detection and hormone therapy in earlier disease stages many better understanding of disease characteristics. patients will receive hormone therapy for a long This book addresses the current state of the art in period. These patients are at risk of acute and this still-developing field and presents the reader chronic side effects of hormonal therapy. There- with the information needed to make rational fore, the timing of initiating hormone therapy, patient decisions regarding treatment selection the type of hormone therapy and the monitoring and outcomes. of patients on long-term hormone therapy have The growing body of knowledge regarding become crucial in the appropriate management epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, screen- of patients with prostate cancer. ing, diagnosis and staging is included in the first Disease management in men with prostate half of the book. cancer has recently expanded to include main- To determine the most appropriate treatment tenance of bone health. The role of urologists in regimen for a prostate cancer patient, it is impor- the management of patients with bone metasta- tant to asses the individual’s risk factors. Patient sis is changing. Symptom control and quality of characteristics are one important factor in de- life are the priorities for patients with metastatic termining optimal therapy. Efficacy and survival disease. For patients with metastatic hormone- benefits need to be balanced against the patient’s refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), there have quality of life. been relatively few advances recently in terms of When diagnosed with prostate cancer, the survival and quality of life. patient and his physician have to choose from In this book, therefore, we have covered in de- a wide range of therapies. Treatment can be de- tail the main aspects of current prostate cancer ferred until progression or until symptoms ap- management, and we believe we have created a pear (watchful waiting) or in indolent cancer comprehensive yet readable account of this rap- until curative treatment is indicated (active sur- idly expanding and fast-changing area. We hope veillance). The wide choice of treatment includes that it will be of value to all those who are in- radical prostatectomy (open or laparoscopic), volved in prostate cancer treatment. radiotherapy (interstitial or external), cryoab- Finally, we would like to thank the contribu- lation, high-intensity focused ultrasound and tors, together with all the staff of Springer, with- hormonal therapy. The choice of therapy may out whose hard work and devotion this book influence survival as well as the risk of therapy- would not have been completed. induced side effects. To guide urologists and their patients with prostate cancer in the selection of an appropri- Jacob Ramon, MD ate treatment, the evidence surrounding current Louis J. Denis, MD VII International Prostate Health Council The International Prostate Health Council collaboration to offer the best treatment and care (IPHC) was established more than a decade ago for patients. For this reason we invited experts as an independent, non-governmental, non- from outside the council to provide the reader profit organization. Its main goals include assess- with updated information on optimizing patient ment of the current knowledge base and practice care and treatment. We are grateful for their con- pattern of physicians concerned with prostate tribution, which is yet another small step in fa- disease, assessment of the level of awareness of cilitating the educational process aimed towards these diseases on the part of the public, and the knowledge and treatment of complex prostate creation of worldwide educational programmes diseases. and resource materials for urologists, medical In the spirit of modern health-care communi- and radiation oncologists, primary care physi- cation, we include the voice of Europa Uomo, the cians and allied health workers. European Prostate Cancer Coalition, to inform This monograph, produced at the invitation readers of the coalition’s vision and mission. We of the editors of the prestigious Springer series hope the present manuscript addresses most of Recent Results in Cancer Research, presents the our readers’ needs. latest information for the care of prostate can- cer in a general clinical setting. IPHC is an ac- Louis J.Denis tive and dedicated believer in multi-professional Chairman IPHC Contents IX Contents 1 Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer ............................................ 1 Vera Nelen 2 Natural History of Prostatic Carcinoma: The Pathologist’s Perspective .... 9 Ferran Algaba, Isabel Trias, Yolanda Arce 3 Prognostic Factors in Prostate Cancer ...................................... 25 Johan Braeckman, Dirk Michielsen 4 The Prevention of Prostate Cancer .......................................... 33 Keith Griffiths, Domenico Prezioso, A. Turkes, Louis J. Denis 5 Prostate Cancer Screening .................................................. 65 P. Tenke, J. Horti, P. Balint, B. Kovacs 6 Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer ............................................... 83 Jehonathan H. Pinthus, Dalibor Pacik, Jacob Ramon 7 Does Localized Prostate Cancer Exist? ..................................... 101 Bernard Lobel 8 Staging of Prostate Cancer ................................................. 109 Zohar A. Dotan, Jacob Ramon 9 Guidelines and Counselling for Treatment Options in the Management of Prostate Cancer .................................... 131 Axel Heidenreich X Contents 10 Choices for Surgery ........................................................ 163 Stéphane Larré, Laurent Salomon, Claude Clément Abbou 11 Radiation Therapy in Prostate Cancer ..................................... 179 Moshe E. Stein, Dirk Boehmer, Abraham Kuten 12 Cryoablation and High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound .................... 201 Chris D’Hont 13 The Role of Hormonal Treatment in Prostate Cancer ...................... 211 Stephan H. Flüchter, Ralf Weiser, Christoph Gamper 14 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer .................................. 239 Dirk Schrijvers 15 Prostate Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life ............................ 251 Domenico Prezioso, Raffaele Galasso, Mario Di Martino, Gennaro Iapicca 16 Europa Uomo: The European Prostate Cancer Coalition .................. 267 Tom Hudson, Louis J. Denis XI List of Contributors ClaudeClémentAbbou,Pr,MD JohanBraeckman,MD Director of the Department of Urology Department of Urology University Hospital Henri Mondor AZ-VUB 51 Av. de Lattre de Tassigny Laarbeeklaan 101 94010 Créteil 1090 Brussels France Belgium Dr.FerranAlgaba LouisJ.Denis,MD,FACS Head of the Department of Pathology Director Oncology Centre Antwerp Fundacion Puigvert Secretary Europa Uomo Department of Morphologic Sciences Lange Gasthuisstraat 35–37 Faculty of Medicine 2000 Antwerp Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB) Belgium Cartagena 340–350 08025 Barcelona ChrisD’Hont,MD Spain Department of Urology ZNA Campus Middelheim Dr.YolandaArce Lindendreef 1 Pathology Section 2020 Antwerp Fundacion Puigvert – Barcelona Belgium Calle Cartagena 340–350 08025 Barcelona MarioDiMartino,MD Spain Department of Urology University of Naples “Federico II” PeterBalint,MD Via S. Pansini 5 Department of Urology 80123 Naples Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital Italy Köves Utca 2–4 1204 Budapest ZoharA.Dotan,MD,PhD Hungary The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel-Hashomer DirkBöhmer,MD Ramat-Gan 52621 Universitätsmedizin Berlin Israel Charité Campus Mitte Klinik für Strahlentherapie StephanH.Flüchter,Prof.Dr.med. Schumannstrasse 20/21 Chefarzt der Klinik für Urologie, 10117 Berlin Kinderurologie und urologische Onkologie Germany Klinikum Saarbrücken Winterberg 1 66119 Saarbrücken Germany XII ListofContributors RaffaeleGalasso,MD BelaKovacs,MD Department of Urology Department of Urology University of Naples “Federico II” Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital Via S. Pansini 5 Köves Utca 2–4 80123 Naples 1204 Budapest Italy Hungary ChristophGamper,Dr.med AbrahamKuten,MD Klinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Division of Oncology urologische Onkologie Rambam Medical Center Klinikum Saarbrücken and Faculty of Medicine Winterberg 1 Technion – Israel Institute 66119 Saarbrücken of Technology Germany Haifa Israel KeithGriffiths,DSc Laurel Cottage StéphaneLarré,MD,PhM Castleton Department of Urology Cardiff CF3 2UR University Hospital Henri Mondor UK 51 Av. de Lattre de Tassigny 94010 Créteil AxelHeidenreich,Prof.Dr.med.,MD France Division of Oncological Urology Department of Urology BernardLobel University of Cologne Head of the Department of Urology Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9 Hôpital Pontchaillou 50924 Cologne Rue Henri Le Guilloux Germany 35033 Rennes France JozsefHorti,PhD Department of Chemotherapy and Clinical DirkMichielsen,MD Pharmacology Department of Urology National Institute of Oncology AZ-VUB Rath Gy. Utca 7–9 Laarbeeklaan 101 1122 Budapest 1090 Brussels Hungary Belgium TomHudson VeraNelen,MD Europa Uomo Public Health Department Men Against Cancer Provinciaal Instituut voor Hygiëne Cullahill, Killiney Road Kronenburgstraat 45 Killiney 2000 Antwerp Dublin Belgium Ireland DaliborPacik,MD,CSc GennaroIapicca,MD Department of Urology Department of Urology University Hospital Brno University of Naples “Federico II” Jihlavská 20 Via S. Pansini 5 62500 Brno 80123 Naples Czech Republic Italy
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