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Prost, Antoine. Doce Lecciones Sobre La Historia [ocr] [2001] PDF

317 Pages·2001·11.5 MB·Spanish
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IJ\ Colecdciiróinpg oird:a PedRruoi z TSoerrrgSeiesov, iy Jl elnaa Traok ns Antaine Prost Doclee ccisoonberse la historia Edicyit órna ducdceAi néamc Ploentys J usSteor na R�NESIS CATEDRA UNIFVERSDIETV AATL ENCIA Títourliogd ieln oaab lr a: Doulzeef soulnr's h ístoíre Creative Commons © EditdiuSo enus1i 9l9,6 ©A rmaCnodl Pianr,Di els o.ts e xdteFo esr nBarnaduy Md aerlBc l och © EdiciCoántee(sdG rrauA pnoaSy A.a., 2) 0,0 1 JuaIng naLcuicdoaeT en1a52,.8 0M2a7d rid DepólseigtMao.2l 0:. 716-2001 1.S.8B4.-N3.7:6 -1909-2 PrínitneS dp aín ImpreenLs aov SeA.!. , Índice NOTAAL AE DICEISÓPNA Ñ..O.L.A. ............1.1. ............................................. INTRODU·C·C·I·Ó·N· ·················1·9· ································································· l.LAH ISTEONLR AIS AO CIEDAD DFELR OASSNI CGXIXEL SOYSA . XX. .24 Lah isteonFr riaanu cnipaao :s ipcriióvni. l.e.g.i.a.d.a. .2.6. .................. Louss soosc idael helisas teoner slii aXgI lX. o.. ...........2..9. ................. Lah isteonlr eain as eñsaenczuan. d.a.r.i.a. .....2.9. .......................... Lohsi storeinea dlde obrpaeútsbe .l .i.c.o. ......3.4. ........................... Els ixxg:le oel s tadlel hilidaso .t .o.ri.a. ........3.8. .................................. Lae nseñparnizmoaat rhriiaas :t. o.r.i.a. .......3.8. ............................. Lapse ridpeesclei gaussni dxxgo l. o. ...........4.1. .............................. 2.LAP ROFEHSIISÓTNÓ. RJ.C.A. ..............4.5. ............................................... Lao rganidzeua ncai ócno mcuinein.dt.aí.df. i.c.a. ...4.5. ...................... LoAsn nayll ehasi storia-.i.n.v.e.s.t.i.g.a.c.i.ó.4n.9 . ............................... Unar evdiecs otmab .a.t.e. .............4.9. ............................................. Lai nstitucdieuo nneaas lci.uz.ea.lc.ai. ó.n. ....5.3. ........................... Ele stadlel pilrdaoo f .e..s. i.ó.n. ............5.6. ............................................ Poldoeis n fl.u.e.n.c.i.a. .......................5..6.. ........................... ........... Unm ercmaadrloe gu.l.a.d.o............5.9. .......................................... 3.LoHsE CHYOL SAC RÍTHIICSAT Ó·R·J·C·A· ·······6·6· ······························· Elm étocdroí. t i.c .o.. . .. ... . .. . . ... . . . . .... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . ... .... . . . ... . . . .. . . .6 . .. . 7... . ... . .. . Lohse cchoomspo r ue.b.a.s. ............6.7. .......................................... Latsé cndiec calrsaí. t.i.c.a. .................. ......7..0.. .......................... ..... 7 Ele spícrriídtteuihl ci os to.r.i.a.d.o.r. ......7.6. .................................. Fundamyel nítmodiselt caer sí .t.i..c...a... .......... .. ................ . ...7 .9. ....... Lah istcoornioac,ip moihreu net.lo.l .a.s. .......7.9. ........................... Noh ahye cshiopnsr egu.n.t.a.s. ..........8.3. ...................................... 4.L APSR EGUDNETHLAI SS TOR.I.A.D.O.R. ........9.0. ................................... ¿�ée sun par eghuinsttaó. r.i.c.a.?. .........9.0. ....................................... Pregyud notcausm e.n.t.o.s. ............9.0. ............................................ Lal egitdielm apisrd eagd.u .n.t.a.s. ........9.5. .................................... Ela rrsaoicgdioela aclsu esthiiosnteó.sr. i.c.a.s. .....9.8. ........................ Pertisnoecynip caeilra t icnieennc.ti.ía.f .i.c.a. ...9.8. ....................... Histordielc apisrd eagdhu instta.ós.r .i.c.a.s. ....1.0.1. ........................ Ela rrpaeirgsodo eln apasrl e ghuinstta.ós.r .i.c.a.s. ...1.0.3. ..................... Elp edsoel ocso mpro.m.i.s.o.s. ......... ........1..0..3.. ................ ........... Elp edsoel pae rson.a.l.i.d.a.d. ...........1..0..6. ........ ............................. 5.ELT IEMDPELO AH IST.O.R.I.A. ...........1.1.2. ............................................. Lah istdoetrlii eam. p.o. ............................... ......1..1..3.. .......... ................. Unt iemspoco..i . .a. l. ... ... .. . .. .. . .. . ... ...... .. .... .. . ...... ...1.. 1 ...3. ... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . Lau nifidcetalic eimólpneao r c:ar is.t.i.a.n.a. ....1.1.4. ..................... Unt ieomrpioe n.t.a.d..o. ...........1.1.8. ................................................ Lac onstruccdieótlni ehm.ip.so.t .ó.r.i.c.a. ....1.2.0. ................................ Tiemhpios,ty mo ermioa.r .i.a. ...........1.2.0. ....................................... Elt rasboabjerotle i emLpapo e.r iod.i.z.a.c.i.ó.n. .1.2.4. .................. Lap luraltiideam.dp. o.d .e.l. ..........1.2.8. ........................................... 6.L oCsO NCE.P.T.O.S. ...............1.3.4. ........................................................... Del ocso nceepmtpoísr. i.c.o.s. ........... ......... ......1...3...4... ... .... ................ Dotsi pdoecs o nce.p.t.o.s. .................1..3..4.. ..................... ............... Del dae scrriepscuimótinid ipado e. aa.ll. .......1.3.8. ........................ Locso ncefpotromrsae nd. e.s.............1.4.3. ....................................... Conceptluhaai lsit.zo.ar.ri.. a.. .................. ...1.4.6. .................................... Locso ncetpotmoaesdnp o rsé s.t.a.m.o. ......1.4.6. ............................ Laesn tisdoacdie.as.l .e.s. ......................1..4..7.. ................................... Histolrocisoz nacred pelt haoi ss t.o.r.i.a. ......1.4.8. .......................... 7.LA HISCTOOMCROOI MAP RENN. S.I.Ó..................1..5..2.. ....................... Autorrdeehtlir sattocoro imaaord toer.s .a.n.o. .....1.5.3. ........................ Lah istcoormoiofia c .i.o...............................1..5..3.. .......................... Lohso mborbejsed,te lo hasi st.o.r.i.a.. .......... .......... .1..5..4.. ............ Lah istylo vari i.da.a . ....... ......... ............. .........1.5.6. ........................... 8 Lac ompreyne rslai zóonn aamniaeln.ót.go.i .c.o. ...1.5.7. ..................... Expliycc aocmipórne. n.s.i.ó.n. .........1.5.7. ........................................ Compreyno sriddóeensnl e ntido........1.6.0. .................................... Experviievnyicr diaaaz onaamniaeln.ót.go.i .c.o. ..1.6.3. ................. Lah istcoormaiova e npteurrs.ao. n.a.l. ........1.6.6. .................................. Histyop rriáacs toicc.ia.as.l .e.s. .........1.6.6. ........................................ Lah istcoormaioma i s.t.a.d. ............1.6.8. .......................................... Lah istcoormhioia s tdoeur nimoai s.m.o. .......1.7.2. ....................... 8.IMAGINEAI CMIPÓUNT ACIÓ.N. .C.A.U.S.A.L. ...1.7.5. ............................... A lbaú sqdueel dacasa u.s.a.s. ............1.7.6. ............................................. Cauysc aosn di.c.i.o.n.e.s. ..........1.7.6. ................................................ Retrod.i.c.c.i.ó.n. .............1.7.9. ........................................................... Lae xperienc.i.a. .i.m.a.g.i.n.a.r.i.a. ...1.8.1. ............................................... Escrlihabi isrtc oolrnoi ss.ai . .............1.8.1. ...................................... Lae xperiimeangci.in.aa. r.i.a. ..........1.8.3. .......................................... Fundameei nmtpolsi cdaelc iaim opnuetsca acui.só.an.l . ..1.8.5. ......... Pasapdroe,sy fue tnutdreeo pl a s.a.d.o. .......1.8.5. ............................ Posibiolbijdeatdievsa s,f aptrao.lb.ia.db.ai.dl.i.1d.8a.8d. e.s.,. .......... 9.ELM ODESLOOC IOL.Ó.G.I.C.O. ..........1.9.3. ............................................. Elm étosdooc io.l.ó.g.i.c.o. ...........1.9.5. ................................................... Elr echdaeszluo b je.t.i.v.i.s.m.o. .......1.9.5. ........................................ Ele jemdpeslluo i c.i.d.i.o. ............1.9.7. ............................................. Larse gdlemalés t o.d.o. ..............1.9.8. ............................................... Elm étosdooc ioalpólgiiaclc ahaodi os. t.o.r.i.a. ....2.0.0. ....................... Del tai poall oaegssí taa d.í.s.t.i.c.a.s. .....2.0.0. ................................... Lac onstrduelc oicsni dóinc .a.d.o.r.e.s. .....2.0.5. .............................. Lolsí mdietmleé st osdooc io.l.ó.g.i.c.o. ......2.0.7. ................................... Lolsí meiptiesst em.o.l.ó.g.i.c.o.s. ......2.0.7. ........................................ Lodso mipnriiovsi l.e.g.i.a.d.o.s. .......2.0.9. ........................................ 10L.AH ISTSOORJCA.I .A.L................2.1.4. ...................................................... Guizcoltay:sl euscd heca l a.s.e.s............2.1.4. ........................................ Une jemlpealm oe:r gdeeln bacu irag .u.e.s.í.a. ...2.1.4. .................... Lac lase.. .s. ..o...c.. . i .. ....a. .. .l. ... .. . .. ..... .. ..... . ... ... ..... . . .. ... . ..... . . . . ....... 2 .1 7 Labroeufulsn sdea:m eenctoon ódmeli accslo a ssoecs.i .a.l.e2.s1. 9. .... Une jemlpcalr oid:sel i easc onformaínaacf eisndaeeA sln ti- guRoé gimen ................2.1.9. ............................................................... Econosmoícai,pe odlaí.dt.,i. c.a.. ........2.2.1. ...................................... 9 Eld ecdleiplva er adliagbmrao .u.s.s.i.a.n..o.. .........2..2..6.. ................ ..... Paraadl iabroyum sasrixa.in..so..m . o. .......2.2.6. .......................... gm Paradliagbmrao yu« snsuiehavinaso»t. o.r.i.a. ....2.2.9. ..................... Eld ecdleil vaeesn ticdoaldee.cs.t .i.v.a.s. ....2.3.3. ............................ 11T.RAMYAN ARRATI.VI.D.A.D. ............2.3.6. ................................................ Detlo dalo ap sa r.t.e.s. .............................2..73.. .... ................................... Relactuoasdc,ro omse,n .t.a.r.i.o.s. .......2.3.8. ..................................... Lah istcoormdioea s pldieue ngiaun et. r.i.g.a. ........................... 242 Lai nthriisgt.aó. r.i.c.a. ..............2.4.4. ........................................................ Lai ntcroimgcoao nfig.u.r.a.c.i.ó.n. ......2.4.4. .................................... Lai ntyrl ieagx ap licac.i.ó.n. .n.a.r.r.a.t.i.v2.a74. ............................... Lae xplincaarcryial ótoncis uv aa.d. r.o..s... ............... .2.5.1. .............. Lai ntcroimgsoaí n.t.e.s.i.s. .....,.............2..5..3.. ........................ ............... Las índtiessci.us.r .s.i.v.a. ...........2.5.3. ................................................ Lopsr esupduele iasn tt.or.si. g.a. .........2.5.6. ..................................... 12L.AH ISTORIEAS CSRI.EB. E. ..............2.6.1. ................................................. Locsa radcettlee rhxeitsso t .ó.r.i..c..o.. ............... 2.6.2. ............................ Unt exstaot u.r.a.d.o...............2.6.2. .................................................... Unt exotboj etyia vuatdoor. i.z.a.d.o........2.6.4. ................................ Unt exstuop er.p.u.e.s.t.o. ..........2.6.7. ................................................ Lopsr obldelema ea ssc rhiitsut.ró.ar. i.c.a.. ............2..7..0.. ............... ..... Lop ensyal dovo i v.i.d.o.. ....................... ............2...7...0... ............... . Decliocr o rrceocpnta ol a.b.r.a.s. .........2.7.4. .................................... Declior cocrorpnea cltafoba rl.as.sa. s. ........2.7.6. ............................ CONCLUVSEIRÓDNYA:F D U NCIÓN DSELO AHC IISATL.O .RI.A. .2.8.0. ....... Histyov reir.ad. a.d. ..................................... ...............2....8....2.... ... .......... Loesf edcetdloe ss en..c ..a..n..t. o. .................2..8..2.. ........................ .. Verdyfua ndc isóoncd ielah ali st.o..r..i...a. . ............2..8..4 . .............. Objetividpardu.,e. b.va.e .r.d.a.d.,. .....2.8.5. ....................................... Unfau ncsioócanim abli. g.u.a. ............2.9.0. ........................................... Histnoarciicaói,nv ,.i .s.m.o. ................2..9..0.. .............. ..................... Historia, id.e.n.t.i.d.a.d.,. ..m.e.m.o2.r9.i5.a . ..................................... ÜRIENATC IBÓINB LIO.G.R.Á.F.I.C.A. ............3..0..3 . ......................................... RELACDIETÓ ENX YTD OOSC UME.N.T.O.S. ...............3..1..7.. ....................... .. 10 Notala ea d iceisópna ñola Cadtae xetsúo n iyc,so i multáneesla atm rean­te, duccdieoó tntr oe xNtion.gt úenxe tseo n teraomrein­te ginpaolr,qe ulle e ngmuiasjmeeo ns, ue senecsui naa, tradu(c c.Pi.eó.ren os )r e.a zonampiueeidnnetv oe rtirse sipne rdvearli tdoedzlo:ost s e xstooonsr igipnoarl­es qucea dtar aduecsdc iisótnCi andttara a.d uecshc,ai só­n tac ieprutnotu oni,an venyca iscóíon n stuintt euxyteo único. ÜCTAVIPOA Z 1.Cualqlueiceetxrop re rismaeqbnuetne ao hd aouy n a úmnai­ca nedreae sclrhiaib sitrqo unreoi h aau,yn sao mlaan edrepa r esentarla. Cualqlueicaetvroe rzs aadbeoene , f eqcutleoo l,si bdreho iss ttoirei­a nedni vemrosdodosese xpreLsohisaó dynei . n vestyli oghsaad cyei ón divulgLaopcsri iómnpe.rr eossep noetrsa cnlr oirste os uldteua ndao s monogqruahefia ea x igdiehdlio s toermipaedyñdo oer d iceaxc­ión haushtoirdvaeaas r, c hyi vcoo nestuelrnltaosasses; g upnoderocl so ,n ­ tradraianoc ,o noscaebrec roemsp arctoindoocsi,ym iaae dnqtuoisr i­ dodsa,t yon so tiqcuiea csso omnu ennle dasi sciMpileinantqaru.aé s­ llgoosz daemnlá xipmroe setnitlgroicesoo ldeegl apasr ofedsaidóon , quseu ealpeonar ltngauore vdoi fye arl eoonstt rseole,se c so ncuend e valionrf ereisotram,te unutopnoro ,r qsuese u poqnuseeó plroo por­ ciounnas na bienrd idrese ecgtuon, dqau temr aannosa,um nip túebnl i­ coc ulot loaoe ss tuddiela mana tteeLsro lisia b.dr eto esxp toeorj, em­ plsoo,un nc apsaor tdieec sugtléean reR reoú.nl eqonu s eae c eppotra eclo mdúenl os hisytl ooorr idaecdnroaornne osl ógaidcjaumnetnatne­ dor eperbtiobrliiooqsgu rseái frdiveaca yonus ydd aec omplemento. 11 Hays,ie nm barogtort,oi dpeol ibdreho i stqourseiea a c omoda maall tai poalnotgeíqraui reoo rm,lp aecs o stduer acesls aas ificación. Nosr eferali omtsoe sx dteor se flexaai qóune,vl olloúsm eennl eoss quuen i nvesteixgpaedroirmi ennttecanodtmoap asruvtsii vre ennc ias eolf iyca,il ovae tzr,ad teaa n alliolzsía mryi p toessi bidleli dadi asd­es cipqluihenap a r actlioclsao dgyorl ,oad sse rrqoutheaa dsye tdresá us trabSaojlnoi .bh riosst orieosdg ercáoifbrirq,cau osdes e ,s vleolesan n­ tresdielj iaon sv estqiugeean cuimóelnro,oas bn j edteco osn ocimien­ toq,u ien dilcoqa unhe i cileocrsoo nl edgepalas s aqduode,e tallalsa n preocupqaucseied o enbeaset nee plnr esyel noqt uece o nveime­ne prenadp earrd teei srme o menotl ooq urea zonabclaebemese pnet­e raErs.tv oosl úmteineense n,u napade ecmuálsil,ada re li padr aeds,e n­ ciaau tolrdaie la mala ,n ifepsatratciidcóelun opl sua nrtd oevs i sltaa , del eax posdielc aidsóu ndd aesyl oC .o mdoe beemsotslo isba rh oiss ­ toriamdaodruerssoup s r,or seaú rniege oxrp osyis tuibvjoe teixv­idad, prespieórns yoc noanlt eanccaidóénHm aiync uam.e ryoc seolse bra­ doesj emdpele osgsté en heirsot oriuonmg ordádofer i ecfloe,qx uieó n ser enudeegv ean ereancg ieónne rEacnei fóencc.ta odc,ao hodret e histordieabrdeeo hraelcsace sor s haesc hpaossru msa yoyre,e nls o s casmoáses x imeimopsr,e ontdvreearlz ta a rdeera e pesnums aatre ria, supsr ocediyms iuoesbn jteostsumo ses t,ya e sful n dameúnlttodi em o ldai sciplina. Esgtéen heard oa do ifnrtuetroess ainntcíllsuiistmoeo rsa,r iamente muye stimyas bollnema se ,ji onrt rodpuocsciaibclólo nen ocimiento del ah isteomlre ijamo,or d doeq udei sponldoarspí raenn pdaircae s acceadolef ri Achioobr.ia e hna,cu enrca o syda e cqiurcé o ssaeh ace nos olnom ismypo,o ers eon,s elñmaaa rt erreiqaum ioesrtlero a ru no yl oo trEos.te osp ,o demaopsr eqnudeéesl rh a i stloeryieeancl dé ol e­ brlei birnot rodduecM taorBrcli ooec nhd ,o nrdeefl exsioobenrlae ofipceirtooa, m bdieébne raídaemnotsr paoernrjo esm,ep nle eol,s tu­ diqou dee diacplao rdate aru matdúelr ogsi cmoo fnraarncecai esns ­es glepsaearsasa íd vecrótmoiopr e yrc aó mroe sueenll mave es daet ra­ bajaoq ueclolnossme ejtoosd olPóogtria cnuotnsoca.,o snaoe xcluye loat rpau,ee ssl a bdeelr o hsi storeisra edfloeryxee isró und itceioó­n, ríypa r ácqtuiechaa,qc ueseres e use plreens deenf toarermn at reverada enu ng énoee rnoo t rDoet. o deol dldoa,rs e flexhiiosnteosr iográficas qucea dgae nerhaaec mipórne nddeli agdsro a,n odberdsaei s n vestiga­ cióqnua eb orpdraonb leemmpaísry qi ucdeoi sc utnaomnso docso n­ credteio nsv esdtaci ugeasnrut,fa i cAinetnaPtireno es t. Doleccec ionheiss tsoorbirae la perteaan qeucteeel rt cieaprqlo u aen ­ teasl udíaaa mqouseo,lb lrdaaer eflehxiisótno rsioobglrrdaeái fsiccia- 12

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