Proposed resource management plan/final environmental impact statement for the resource management plans for Western Oregon : Coos Bay, Eugene, Medford, Roseburg, and Salem districts, and the Klamath Falls Field Office of the Lakeview District

2016·61.9 MB·English

by  United States. Bureau of Land Management. Oregon State Office

The BLM manages more
than 245 million acres of
public land, the most of
any Federal agency. This
land, known as the
National System of Public
Lands, is primarily located
in 1 2 western states,
including Alaska. The
BLM also administers 700
million acres of sub-surface
mineral estate throughout
the nation.
The BLM's m1ss1on is to
manage and conserve the
public lands for the use
and enjoyment of present
and future generations
under our mandate of
multiple-use and sustained
yield. In fiscal year 2013,
the BLM generated $4. 7
billion in receipts from
public lands.
l:,lm.gov/or
Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................. IV
TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................................ VI
TABLE OF MAPS .................................................................................................................................................. XIII
TABLE OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ XIV
SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................................ XXIII
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
CHAPTER 2 – ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................................................ 29
CHAPTER 3 – AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ............................................. 115
AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN .............................................................................................. 131
AIR QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................................... 145
CLIMATE CHANGE .............................................................................................................................................. 165
CULTURAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES ............................................................................................... 213
FIRE AND FUELS ................................................................................................................................................. 223
FISHERIES ........................................................................................................................................................... 277
FOREST MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 307
HYDROLOGY ...................................................................................................................................................... 369
INVASIVE SPECIES .............................................................................................................................................. 419
LANDS AND REALTY ........................................................................................................................................... 457
LANDS WITH WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................................................... 463
LIVESTOCK GRAZING .......................................................................................................................................... 475
MINERALS .......................................................................................................................................................... 487
NATIONAL TRAILS SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 505
RARE PLANTS AND FUNGI .................................................................................................................................. 517
RECREATION AND VISITOR SERVICES ................................................................................................................. 555
SOCIOECONOMICS ............................................................................................................................................. 585
SOIL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................ 745
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ....................................................................................................................................... 769
TRAILS AND TRAVEL MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 775
TRIBAL INTERESTS .............................................................................................................................................. 799
VISUAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................. 813
WILDLIFE ............................................................................................................................................................ 825
BALD EAGLE .............................................................................................................................................................. 825
BUREAU SENSITIVE, BUREAU STRATEGIC, SURVEY AND MANAGE SPECIES, AND LANDBIRD FOCAL SPECIES ................................... 830
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COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER.................................................................................................................................. 853
DEER AND ELK ........................................................................................................................................................... 862
FISHER ..................................................................................................................................................................... 870
GOLDEN EAGLE .......................................................................................................................................................... 881
GREATER SAGE-GROUSE .............................................................................................................................................. 887
GRAY WOLF .............................................................................................................................................................. 890
MARBLED MURRELET ................................................................................................................................................. 895
NORTH OREGON COAST DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT OF THE RED TREE VOLE ................................................................. 919
NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL ........................................................................................................................................... 928
NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL CRITICAL HABITAT .................................................................................................................. 990
OREGON SILVERSPOT BUTTERFLY .................................................................................................................................. 999
OREGON SPOTTED FROG ........................................................................................................................................... 1002
PACIFIC COAST DISTINCT POPULATION SEGMENT OF THE WESTERN SNOWY PLOVER ............................................................. 1006
WILD HORSES .................................................................................................................................................. 1019
WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS ................................................................................................................................ 1023
CHAPTER 4 – CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION ........................................................................................ 1041
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... 1059
GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 1063
INDEX .............................................................................................................................................................. 1085

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Table of Figures

FIGURE 2-1. NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE LAND USE ALLOCATIONS ................................................................................................ 31
FIGURE 2-2. NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE LAND USE ALLOCATIONS WITH MODIFIED HIERARCHY ........................................................... 35
FIGURE 2-3. EXAMPLE OF HOW DECISION AREA ACRES ARE ASSIGNED BY LAND USE ALLOCATION/ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGNATION TYPE .... 38
FIGURE 2-4. ALTERNATIVE A LAND USE ALLOCATIONS .............................................................................................................. 46
FIGURE 2-5. ALTERNATIVE B LAND USE ALLOCATIONS .............................................................................................................. 53
FIGURE 2-6. SUB-ALTERNATIVE B LAND USE ALLOCATIONS ....................................................................................................... 60
FIGURE 2-7. ALTERNATIVE C LAND USE ALLOCATIONS .............................................................................................................. 65
FIGURE 2-8. SUB-ALTERNATIVE C LAND USE ALLOCATIONS ....................................................................................................... 71
FIGURE 2-9. ALTERNATIVE D LAND USE ALLOCATIONS ............................................................................................................. 75
FIGURE 2-10. PROPOSED RMP LAND USE ALLOCATIONS .......................................................................................................... 81
FIGURE 2-11. PROPOSED RMP SUBWATERSHED CLASSES ........................................................................................................ 92
FIGURE 3-1. MAJOR OWNERSHIPS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA .............................................................................................. 116
FIGURE 3-2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA AS DESCRIBED IN THE FEMAT REPORT (1993)....................... 117
FIGURE 3-3. ESTIMATED EMISSIONS FROM PRESCRIBED BURNING IN WESTERN OREGON FOR (A) PARTICULATE MATTER 10 MICRONS IN SIZE
AND SMALLER, AND (B) PARTICULATE MATTER 2.5 MICRONS IN SIZE AND SMALLER .............................................................. 152
FIGURE 3-4. NUMBER OF SMOKE INTRUSIONS ATTRIBUTED TO BLM PRESCRIBED FIRES INTO SSRAS COMPARED TO ANNUAL ACRES BURNED
FROM 2002 THROUGH 2014 IN WESTERN OREGON ..................................................................................................... 153
FIGURE 3-5. EXAMPLE OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE 20 PERCENT WORSE DAYS IN A GIVEN YEAR AND THE PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTION OF
VARIOUS FACTORS TO REDUCED VISIBILITY ................................................................................................................... 155
FIGURE 3-6. DAILY AIR QUALITY INDEX FOR MEDFORD IN 2008 .............................................................................................. 156
FIGURE 3-7. AIR QUALITY INDEX FOR 2013 FOR MEDFORD .................................................................................................... 157
FIGURE 3-8. AIR QUALITY INDEX FOR 2013 FOR GRANTS PASS ............................................................................................... 157
FIGURE 3-9. DEGRADATION OF VISIBILITY FROM BURNING VEGETATION IN 2013 AS MEASURED THROUGH LIGHT SCATTERING (INVERSE
MEGAMETERS) AT CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK ......................................................................................................... 158
FIGURE 3-10. EXPECTED INCREASES IN PM10 EMISSIONS FROM PRESCRIBED FIRE OVER TIME AND RELATIVE TO THE ESTIMATE FOR CURRENT
PRESCRIBED FIRES ................................................................................................................................................... 159
FIGURE 3-11. EXPECTED INCREASES IN PM2.5 EMISSIONS FROM PRESCRIBED FIRE OVER TIME AND RELATIVE TO THE ESTIMATE FOR CURRENT
PRESCRIBED FIRES ................................................................................................................................................... 159
FIGURE 3-12. AVERAGE ANNUAL PM2.5 EMISSIONS FROM PRESCRIBED BURNING OVER THE 50-YEAR ANALYSIS PERIOD ...................... 161
FIGURE 3-13. ESTIMATED CARBON STORAGE OVER TIME BY ALTERNATIVE AND THE PROPOSED RMP ............................................. 170
FIGURE 3-14. CHANGE IN CARBON STORAGE RELATIVE TO THE ESTIMATED TOTAL STORAGE AS OF 2013 ......................................... 171
FIGURE 3-15. PERCENT REDUCTION IN ABOVEGROUND CARBON STORAGE FROM TIMBER HARVEST RELATIVE TO PROJECTED CARBON
STORAGE IN THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS WITH WILDFIRE ..................................................................... 172
FIGURE 3-16. PROPORTION OF ESTIMATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK GRAZING (ENTERIC FERMENTATION), TIMBER
HARVEST OPERATIONS, PRESCRIBED FIRES, AND WILDFIRES ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ........... 176
FIGURE 3-17. PROPORTION OF ESTIMATED GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM (A) TIMBER HARVEST AND (B) PRESCRIBED BURNING BY
DIFFERENT ENTITIES ................................................................................................................................................ 177
FIGURE 3-18. ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE COMBINATION OF TIMBER HARVEST, GRAZING, AND
PRESCRIBED FIRE .................................................................................................................................................... 179
FIGURE 3-19. PROJECTED INCREASES IN AVERAGE ANNUAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM TIMBER HARVEST, GRAZING, AND
PRESCRIBED BURNING RELATIVE TO AVERAGE ANNUAL EMISSIONS AS OF 2013 ................................................................... 179
FIGURE 3-20. OBSERVED CHANGES IN ANNUAL AND SEASONAL PRECIPITATION BY BASIN .............................................................. 182
FIGURE 3-21. OBSERVED CHANGES IN (A) ANNUAL, (B) MAXIMUM, AND (C) MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN EACH BASIN ....................... 184
FIGURE 3-22. AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER AND CAUSE OF IGNITIONS (1984–2013) WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ............................ 227
FIGURE 3-23. FOREST TYPE (MOIST AND DRY) DISTRIBUTION ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS ....................................................... 232
FIGURE 3-24. DEPARTURE FROM REFERENCE CONDITIONS IN THE DOUGLAS-FIR/DRY VEGETATION TYPE BY SERAL STAGE .................... 235
FIGURE 3-25. DEPARTURE FROM REFERENCE CONDITIONS IN THE DOUGLAS-FIR/MOIST VEGETATION TYPE BY SERAL STAGE FOR THE
KLAMATH FALLS FIELD OFFICE .................................................................................................................................. 237
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FIGURE 3-26. DEPARTURE FROM REFERENCE CONDITIONS IN THE DOUGLAS-FIR/MOIST VEGETATION TYPE BY SERAL STAGE FOR THE
MEDFORD DISTRICT ............................................................................................................................................... 239
FIGURE 3-27. DEPARTURE FROM REFERENCE CONDITIONS IN THE DOUGLAS-FIR/MOIST VEGETATION TYPE BY SERAL STAGE FOR THE
ROSEBURG DISTRICT ............................................................................................................................................... 241
FIGURE 3-28. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE INTERIOR/SOUTH FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION AND
IN 50 YEARS .......................................................................................................................................................... 244
FIGURE 3-29. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE MEDFORD DISTRICT FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION
AND IN 50 YEARS ................................................................................................................................................... 246
FIGURE 3-30. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE ROSEBURG DISTRICT FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION
AND IN 50 YEARS ................................................................................................................................................... 246
FIGURE 3-31. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE KLAMATH FALLS FIELD OFFICE FOR THE CURRENT
CONDITION AND IN 50 YEARS ................................................................................................................................... 246
FIGURE 3-32. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE LATE-SUCCESSIONAL RESERVE IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE
INTERIOR/SOUTH FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION AND IN 50 YEARS ................................................................................... 248
FIGURE 3-33. STAND-LEVEL FIRE RESISTANCE CATEGORIES IN THE HARVEST LAND BASE IN THE DRY FOREST IN THE INTERIOR/SOUTH FOR
THE CURRENT CONDITION AND IN 50 YEARS ................................................................................................................. 250
FIGURE 3-34. AVERAGE ANNUAL NUMBER OF HUMAN-CAUSED IGNITIONS IN PROXIMITY TO WILDLAND DEVELOPMENT AREAS, 1984–
2013 .................................................................................................................................................................. 254
FIGURE 3-35. STAND-LEVEL FIRE HAZARD FOR ALL BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE COASTAL/NORTH WITHIN THE WUI BY CURRENT
CONDITION AND IN 2063 ........................................................................................................................................ 259
FIGURE 3-36. STAND-LEVEL FIRE HAZARD FOR ALL BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE INTERIOR/SOUTH WITHIN THE WUI, BY CURRENT
CONDITION AND IN 2063 ........................................................................................................................................ 259
FIGURE 3-37. STAND-LEVEL FIRE HAZARD FOR THE HARVEST LAND BASE IN THE COASTAL/NORTH WITHIN THE WUI BY CURRENT
CONDITION AND IN 2063 ........................................................................................................................................ 261
FIGURE 3-38. STAND-LEVEL FIRE HAZARD FOR THE HARVEST LAND BASE IN THE INTERIOR/SOUTH WITHIN THE WUI BY CURRENT
CONDITION AND IN 2063 ........................................................................................................................................ 263
FIGURE 3-39. WILDLAND FIRE POTENTIAL FOR BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE PLANNING AREA .............................................. 265
FIGURE 3-40. ACTIVITY FUEL RISK CATEGORIES FOR BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE COASTAL/NORTH, DECADAL AVERAGE 2013–2063
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 268
FIGURE 3-41. ACTIVITY FUEL RISK CATEGORIES FOR BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE INTERIOR/SOUTH, DECADAL AVERAGE 2013–2063
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 268
FIGURE 3-42. STAND CONDITIONS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION, THE NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE
IN 2113, AND THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS IN 2113 ........................................................................... 286
FIGURE 3-43. RELATIVE PROPORTION OF STRUCTURAL STAGE ACRES UNDER THE CURRENT CONDITION, THE ALTERNATIVES, THE PROPOSED
RMP, AND THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS IN 2113 FOR STANDS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT FROM
ALL STREAMS ......................................................................................................................................................... 288
FIGURE 3-44. TREES PER ACRE GREATER THAN 20” DBH WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT OVER TIME FOR ALL ALTERNATIVES, THE
PROPOSED RMP, AND THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 290
FIGURE 3-45. TREES PER ACRE GREATER THAN 20” DBH FOR STANDS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT OF STREAMS FOR THE
CURRENT CONDITION IN 2013, AND THE ALTERNATIVES, THE PROPOSED RMP, AND THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS
IN 2113 ............................................................................................................................................................... 290
FIGURE 3-46. PERCENT HARDWOOD CANOPY COVER FOR STANDS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT OF STREAMS FOR THE
CURRENT CONDITIONS IN 2013 AND IN 2113 ............................................................................................................. 291
FIGURE 3-47. QUADRATIC MEAN DIAMETER (QMD) OF CONIFERS FOR STANDS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT OF STREAMS FOR
THE CURRENT CONDITION IN 2013, AND IN 2113 ........................................................................................................ 292
FIGURE 3-48. TOTAL TREES PER ACRE FOR STANDS WITHIN ONE SITE-POTENTIAL TREE HEIGHT OF STREAMS FOR THE CURRENT CONDITION IN
2013, AND IN 2113 .............................................................................................................................................. 293
FIGURE 3-49. THINNING WITHIN THE RIPARIAN RESERVE BY DECADE ........................................................................................ 296
FIGURE 3-50. BLM HISTORICAL TIMBER SALES; 1942–1961 DATA REPRESENTS VOLUME SOLD WHILE 1962–2012 DATA REPRESENTS
VOLUME HARVESTED ............................................................................................................................................... 309
FIGURE 3-51. WESTERN OREGON TIMBER HARVESTS BY LANDOWNER, 1962–2011 (TUCHMAN AND DAVIS 2013) ........................ 309
FIGURE 3-52. 2013 AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION FOR FORESTED ACRES WITHIN THE DECISION AREA (10-YEAR INCREMENTS) .................. 310
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FIGURE 3-53. 2013 AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION BY AGE CLASS GROUPING AND BY THE HARVEST LAND BASE AND THE RESERVES (10-YEAR
INCREMENTS) ........................................................................................................................................................ 313
FIGURE 3-54. 2113 AGE CLASS DISTRIBUTION BY AGE CLASS GROUPING, AND BROKEN OUT BY THE HARVEST LAND BASE AND THE RESERVES
(10-YEAR INCREMENTS) .......................................................................................................................................... 316
FIGURE 3-55. CURRENT STRUCTURAL STAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR THE DECISION AREA .................................................................... 319
FIGURE 3-56. STRUCTURAL STAGE PROGRESSION OVER 200 YEARS IN THE HARVEST LAND BASE AND RESERVES ............................... 324
FIGURE 3-57. PROPORTION OF THE HARVEST LAND BASE AS MATURE MULTI-LAYERED CANOPY OR STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX THROUGH
TIME .................................................................................................................................................................... 326
FIGURE 3-58. PROPORTION OF THE HARVEST LAND BASE SUB-ALLOCATIONS WITH STRUCTURAL LEGACIES OR MULTIPLE LAYERS THROUGH
TIME .................................................................................................................................................................... 327
FIGURE 3-59. STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY AND ABUNDANCE OF THE EARLY SUCCESSIONAL STRUCTURAL STAGE IN 2063 ...................... 328
FIGURE 3-60. ACREAGE OF FUNCTIONAL CREATED CANOPY OPENINGS > 0.25 ACRES IN 2043 BY ALTERNATIVE AND LAND USE ALLOCATION
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 330
FIGURE 3-61. PROPORTIONS OF OWL HABITAT MANAGEMENT LAND USE ALLOCATIONS IN MATURE MULTI-LAYERED CANOPY OR
STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX STRUCTURAL STAGES IN 2013 AND 2223 ................................................................................ 331
FIGURE 3-62. PROPORTIONS OF LAND USE ALLOCATIONS IN MATURE MULTI-LAYERED CANOPY OR STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX STRUCTURAL
STAGES THROUGH TIME ........................................................................................................................................... 332
FIGURE 3-63. 2013 AND 2113 NET INVENTORY BROKEN OUT BETWEEN THE HARVEST LAND BASE AND RESERVES IN THE DECISION AREA
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 335
FIGURE 3-64. ASSUMED VS. IMPLEMENTED ANNUAL AVERAGE SOLD TIMBER VOLUME LEVELS AND MIX OF HARVEST TYPES, 1995 THROUGH
2012, IN THE HARVEST LAND BASE (HLB) AND RESERVES IN THE DECISION AREA ............................................................... 340
FIGURE 3-65. TIMBER PRODUCTION RATES BY MANAGEMENT INTENSITY (BOARD FEET PER ACRE PER YEAR), BROKEN OUT BETWEEN
COASTAL/NORTH AND INTERIOR/SOUTH AREAS ............................................................................................................ 343
FIGURE 3-66. TOTAL ASQ VS. NON-ASQ TIMBER VOLUME SOLD IN THE DECISION AREA BETWEEN 1995 AND 2012 ........................ 351
FIGURE 3-67. TOTAL ANNUAL TIMBER HARVEST IN THE DECISION AREA FOR THE FIRST DECADE COMPARED TO THE 1995–2012 SOLD
TIMBER SALE AVERAGE, BROKEN OUT BETWEEN ASQ AND NON-ASQ SOURCES .................................................................. 352
FIGURE 3-68. HARVEST ACRES PER DECADE BY HARVEST TYPE BASED ON AN AVERAGE OF THE FIRST TWO DECADES ............................ 359
FIGURE 3-69. HARVESTED TIMBER VOLUME PER DECADE BY HARVEST TYPE BASED ON AN AVERAGE OF THE FIRST TWO DECADES .......... 360
FIGURE 3-70. TOTAL TIMBER HARVEST ACREAGE PER YEAR BASED ON AN AVERAGE OF THE FIRST TWO DECADES, BROKEN OUT BETWEEN
COASTAL/NORTH AND INTERIOR/SOUTH AREAS ............................................................................................................ 361
FIGURE 3-71. TOTAL TIMBER HARVEST VOLUME PER YEAR BASED ON AN AVERAGE OF THE FIRST TWO DECADES, BROKEN OUT BETWEEN
COASTAL/NORTH AND INTERIOR/SOUTH AREAS ............................................................................................................ 361
FIGURE 3-72. PERCENTAGE OF FORESTED ACRES AVAILABLE FOR THE COLLECTION OF CATEGORY I SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS;
COASTAL/NORTH AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 365
FIGURE 3-73. PERCENTAGE OF FORESTED ACRES AVAILABLE FOR THE COLLECTION OF CATEGORY I SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS;
INTERIOR/SOUTH AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 365
FIGURE 3-74. PERCENTAGE OF FORESTED ACRES AVAILABLE FOR THE COLLECTION OF CATEGORY II SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS;
COASTAL/NORTH AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 367
FIGURE 3-75. PERCENTAGE OF FORESTED ACRES AVAILABLE FOR THE COLLECTION OF CATEGORY II SPECIAL FOREST PRODUCTS;
INTERIOR/SOUTH AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 367
FIGURE 3-76. CANOPY COVER AND ANGULAR CANOPY DENSITY IN FOREST STANDS ...................................................................... 372
FIGURE 3-77. STRUCTURAL STAGE PROPORTIONS OF THE RIPARIAN RESERVE WITHIN 100 FEET OF PERENNIAL AND FISH-BEARING STREAMS
IN THE DECISION AREA ............................................................................................................................................. 376
FIGURE 3-78. STRUCTURAL STAGE PROPORTIONS OF THE CURRENT RIPARIAN RESERVE (I.E., NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE) ALONG PERENNIAL
AND FISH-BEARING STREAMS IN THE DECISION AREA ...................................................................................................... 377
FIGURE 3-79. SEVEN-DAY AVERAGE MAXIMUM STREAM TEMPERATURES (°F) VINCENT CREEK GAGING STATION, COOS BAY DISTRICT, FOR
YEARS 1990–2013 ............................................................................................................................................... 378
FIGURE 3-80. SEVEN-DAY AVERAGE MAXIMUM STREAM TEMPERATURES (°F) AT DEADMAN CREEK, EAST FORK STOUTS CREEK AND SOUTH
FORK MIDDLE CREEK, ROSEBURG DISTRICT, FOR YEARS 1992–2012 .............................................................................. 378
FIGURE 3-81. TOTAL ACRES OF THE CURRENT RIPARIAN RESERVE COMPARED TO ACRES OF THE RIPARIAN RESERVE ALONG PERENNIAL AND
FISH-BEARING STREAMS ........................................................................................................................................... 379
FIGURE 3-82. PERENNIAL AND FISH-BEARING STREAM MILES EXCEEDING 3 PERCENT SHADE LOSS ................................................... 382
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FIGURE 3-83. PERENNIAL AND FISH-BEARING STREAM MILES IN THE DECISION AREA COMPARED TO PERENNIAL AND FISH-BEARING STREAM
MILES EXCEEDING 3 PERCENT SHADE LOSS ................................................................................................................... 383
FIGURE 3-84. HYDROREGIONS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ................................................................................................... 386
FIGURE 3-85. SITE CONDITIONS AND TREATMENTS FOR RISK OF PEAK FLOW INCREASE.................................................................. 389
FIGURE 3-86. PROPORTIONS OF HYDROREGIONS IN THE PLANNING AREA .................................................................................. 389
FIGURE 3-87. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BY RETURN PERIOD AND STREAM TYPE .............................................................................. 390
FIGURE 3-88. RAIN-ON-SNOW DOMINATED SUBWATERSHEDS AND SUBWATERSHEDS CURRENTLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO A PEAK FLOW INCREASE
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 391
FIGURE 3-89. SUBWATERSHED AREA (ACRES) ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS SUSCEPTIBLE TO PEAK FLOW INCREASES BY DECADE ....... 393
FIGURE 3-90. SUBWATERSHED AREA (ACRES) FOR ALL LANDS SUSCEPTIBLE TO PEAK FLOW INCREASES ............................................. 393
FIGURE 3-91. PROPORTION OF THE HARVEST LAND BASE WITH STEEP SLOPES > 75 PERCENT ........................................................ 397
FIGURE 3-92. CUMULATIVE AREA OF NATURALLY OCCURRING MODELED LANDSLIDE DENSITY WITHIN THE HARVEST LAND BASE,
NUMBER/SQUARE MILE ........................................................................................................................................... 398
FIGURE 3-93. RELATIVE LANDSLIDE DENSITY IN THE HARVEST LAND BASE COMPARED TO INTRINSIC POTENTIAL AT 2013 .................... 399
FIGURE 3-94. REGENERATION HARVEST AREA WITH DEBRIS FLOW SUSCEPTIBILITY, ACRES PER DECADE ............................................ 400
FIGURE 3-95. POTENTIAL FINE SEDIMENT DELIVERY,* TO STREAMS FROM NEW ROADS BY 2023. ................................................... 406
FIGURE 3-96. PROJECTED NEWLY CONSTRUCTED ROADS WITHIN A SEDIMENT DELIVERY DISTANCE COMPARED TO NEWLY CONSTRUCTED
ROADS OUTSIDE A SEDIMENT DELIVERY DISTANCE BY 2023* ........................................................................................... 407
FIGURE 3-97. REPORTED INFESTATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ........................... 422
FIGURE 3-98. DISTRIBUTION CATEGORIES OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES FOR THE WATERSHEDS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ................. 427
FIGURE 3-99. SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES INTO RIPARIAN HABITATS ASSOCIATED WITH
TIMBER HARVEST ADJACENT TO THE RIPARIAN RESERVE OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS .............................................................. 430
FIGURE 3-100. REPORTED INFESTATIONS OF REPRESENTATIVE INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ..................... 440
FIGURE 3-101. DISTRIBUTION CATEGORIES OF INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES BY SUBBASINS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ....................... 446
FIGURE 3-102. SUDDEN OAK DEATH INFESTATION ZONES AS OF 2013 AND EXPECTED EXPANSION ZONES BY 2023 AND 2033 ............ 453
FIGURE 3-103. UTILITY CORRIDORS ................................................................................................................................... 461
FIGURE 3-104. ACRES OF INVENTORIED LANDS WITH WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS ALLOCATED TO THE DISTRICT-DESIGNATED RESERVE –
LANDS MANAGED FOR THEIR WILDERNESS CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................... 469
FIGURE 3-105. ALLOTMENTS AVAILABLE FOR LIVESTOCK GRAZING ........................................................................................... 480
FIGURE 3-106. ACRES AVAILABLE FOR LIVESTOCK GRAZING .................................................................................................... 480
FIGURE 3-107. ALLOCATED LIVESTOCK GRAZING AUMS ........................................................................................................ 480
FIGURE 3-108. LIVESTOCK GRAZING ALLOTMENTS ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS BY LIVESTOCK GRAZING AVAILABILITY UNDER THE
PROPOSED RMP ................................................................................................................................................... 482
FIGURE 3-109. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS IN OREGON ........................................................................................................... 488
FIGURE 3-110. NUMBER OF SALES OR PERMITS FOR MINERAL MATERIAL BY YEAR IN THE DECISION AREA ......................................... 491
FIGURE 3-111. SALES VOLUME OF MINERAL MATERIAL PRODUCED BY YEARS 2007–2013 IN THE DECISION AREA ............................. 491
FIGURE 3-112. DEVELOPED QUARRY SITES IN THE DECISION AREA FROM 2014 DISTRICT INVENTORIES ............................................ 492
FIGURE 3-113. ACRES CLOSED TO SALABLE MINERAL MATERIAL DISPOSAL IN THE DECISION AREA ................................................... 494
FIGURE 3-114. MINING CLAIMS IN THE DECISION AREA IN 2015 ............................................................................................. 498
FIGURE 3-115. ACRES THAT THE BLM WOULD RECOMMEND FOR WITHDRAWAL FROM LOCATABLE MINERAL ENTRY AND PREVIOUSLY
WITHDRAWN ACRES IN THE DECISION AREA .................................................................................................................. 500
FIGURE 3-116. ACRES THAT THE BLM WOULD RECOMMEND FOR WITHDRAWAL, WITH MINERAL RANKING OF ESTIMATED PROSPECTIVE
MINERAL OCCURRENCE OR DEVELOPMENT FOR EACH LAND CATEGORY (INCLUDES PREVIOUSLY WITHDRAWN ACRES) .................. 501
FIGURE 3-117. PACIFIC CREST NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL ROUTE ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ............. 509
FIGURE 3-118. BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS VISIBLE WITHIN THE 5-MILE PACIFIC CREST TRAIL VIEWSHED OF TRAIL PORTIONS WITHIN THE
PLANNING AREA ..................................................................................................................................................... 510
FIGURE 3-119. APPLEGATE TRAIL ROUTE ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN THE PLANNING AREA ................................................. 511
FIGURE 3-120. RECREATION OPPORTUNITY SPECTRUM CLASSES .............................................................................................. 556
FIGURE 3-121. STAND VISUALIZATIONS FOR RECREATIONAL SETTING CLASSIFICATIONS ................................................................. 558
FIGURE 3-122. PROJECTED LEVELS OF CHANGE BY RECREATION ACTIVITY WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA FROM 2012–2060 ................ 572
FIGURE 3-123. POPULATION CENTERS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA ......................................................................................... 573
FIGURE 3-124. THIRTY- AND SIXTY-MINUTE DRIVING TIMES FROM THE 12 WESTERN OREGON STUDY COMMUNITIES AND POPULATION
CENTER SIZE .......................................................................................................................................................... 575
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FIGURE 3-125. WESTERN OREGON POPULATION DENSITY ..................................................................................................... 576
FIGURE 3-126. WESTERN OREGON HISTORICAL TIMBER HARVEST, BLM AND TOTAL ................................................................... 602
FIGURE 3-127. WESTERN OREGON HISTORICAL STUMPAGE PRICES, BLM AND STATE/PRIVATE ..................................................... 602
FIGURE 3-128. TOTAL HARVEST VALUE BY BLM DISTRICT, 2000–2014................................................................................... 605
FIGURE 3-129. AVERAGE VALUE PER MBF HARVESTED BY BLM DISTRICT, 2000–2014 .............................................................. 605
FIGURE 3-130. TIMBER GROSS REVENUE OVER TIME ............................................................................................................. 631
FIGURE 3-131. GROSS REVENUE, TOTAL COSTS, AND NET REVENUE, 2014–2023 ...................................................................... 631
FIGURE 3-132. NET PRESENT VALUE OVER 50 YEARS (2014–2063) BY DISTRICT ....................................................................... 634
FIGURE 3-133. COST PER VOLUME BY DISTRICT, 2014–2023 (2012 DOLLARS) ........................................................................ 636
FIGURE 3-134. STUMPAGE PRICE BY DISTRICT, 2014–2023 (2012 DOLLARS) .......................................................................... 638
FIGURE 3-135. RMA ACREAGE BY DRIVING DISTANCE OF WESTERN POPULATION CENTERS, 30 AND 60 MINUTES ............................. 645
FIGURE 3-136. OUTDOOR RECREATION VISITS OVER PHASING TIMEFRAMES ............................................................................... 647
FIGURE 3-137. OUTDOOR RECREATION VISITS AT END OF PHASING TIMEFRAMES ........................................................................ 648
FIGURE 3-138. CAPACITY AND RESILIENCY AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT SUMMARY ......................................................................... 718
FIGURE 3-139. DETRIMENTAL SOIL DISTURBANCE FROM TIMBER HARVEST BY YARDING SYSTEM, 1990–2012 ................................. 749
FIGURE 3-140. DETRIMENTAL SOIL DISTURBANCE FROM TIMBER HARVEST BY YARDING SYSTEM DURING THE FIRST DECADE ................. 750
FIGURE 3-141. DETRIMENTAL SOIL DISTURBANCE FROM ROAD CONSTRUCTION DURING THE FIRST DECADE ...................................... 754
FIGURE 3-142. DETRIMENTAL SOIL DISTURBANCE FROM FUEL TREATMENTS DURING THE FIRST DECADE .......................................... 761
FIGURE 3-143. VISUAL RESOURCE INVENTORY CLASS DISTRIBUTION FOR THE PROPOSED RMP† WITHIN THE DECISION AREA............... 817
FIGURE 3-144. BALD EAGLE HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA–CURRENT CONDITION AND IN 50 YEARS ............................................. 827
FIGURE 3-145. BALD EAGLE HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA–CURRENT CONDITION AND IN 50 YEARS ........................................... 827
FIGURE 3-146. STRUCTURAL STAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DECISION AREA COMPARED WITH AVERAGE HISTORIC CONDITION............... 838
FIGURE 3-147. STRUCTURAL STAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PLANNING AREA COMPARED WITH AVERAGE HISTORIC CONDITION ............. 839
FIGURE 3-148. EARLY SUCCESSIONAL, STAND ESTABLISHMENT, AND YOUNG STANDS WITH STRUCTURAL LEGACIES IN THE DECISION AREA
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 844
FIGURE 3-149. MATURE AND STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX STANDS WITH STRUCTURAL LEGACIES WITHIN THE DECISION AREA ................ 844
FIGURE 3-150. MATURE AND STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX HABITAT DEVELOPMENT IN THE DECISION AREA ......................................... 849
FIGURE 3-151. RANGE OF THE COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER ............................................................................................. 855
FIGURE 3-152. COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER HIGH-QUALITY EARLY SUCCESSIONAL FORAGE HABITAT FOR THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
POPULATION ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS .............................................................................................................. 857
FIGURE 3-153. COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER HIGH-QUALITY EARLY SUCCESSIONAL FORAGE HABITAT FOR THE LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER
POPULATION ACROSS ALL LAND OWNERSHIPS ............................................................................................................... 857
FIGURE 3-154. COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER HIGH-QUALITY EARLY SUCCESSIONAL FORAGE HABITAT FOR THE DOUGLAS COUNTY
POPULATION ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS .............................................................................................................. 859
FIGURE 3-155. COLUMBIAN WHITE-TAILED DEER HIGH-QUALITY EARLY SUCCESSIONAL FORAGE HABITAT FOR THE DOUGLAS COUNTY
POPULATION ACROSS ALL OWNERSHIPS ....................................................................................................................... 859
FIGURE 3-156. DEER AND ELK HIGH-QUALITY FORAGE HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA ................................................................. 865
FIGURE 3-157. DEER AND ELK HIGH-QUALITY FORAGE HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA ............................................................... 865
FIGURE 3-158. DEER AND ELK MANAGEMENT AREAS ............................................................................................................ 868
FIGURE 3-159. RANGE OF THE FISHER ................................................................................................................................ 872
FIGURE 3-160. FISHER HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA .......................................................................................................... 875
FIGURE 3-161. FISHER HABITAT ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS AND ACROSS ALL OWNERSHIPS FOR FORAGING, RESTING, AND DENNING
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 878
FIGURE 3-162. FISHER HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA ........................................................................................................ 880
FIGURE 3-163. GOLDEN EAGLE NESTING HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA .................................................................................. 884
FIGURE 3-164. GOLDEN EAGLE NESTING HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA ................................................................................. 884
FIGURE 3-165. KNOWN AREAS OF WOLF ACTIVITY IN THE PLANNING AREA ................................................................................ 891
FIGURE 3-166. RANGE AND MANAGEMENT ZONES OF THE MARBLED MURRELET ........................................................................ 898
FIGURE 3-167. MARBLED MURRELET NESTING HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA .......................................................................... 902
FIGURE 3-168. MARBLED MURRELET NESTING HABITAT TRENDS IN THE DECISION AREA ............................................................... 903
FIGURE 3-169. MARBLED MURRELET HIGH-QUALITY NESTING HABITAT TRENDS IN THE DECISION AREA ........................................... 904
FIGURE 3-170. MARBLED MURRELET HIGH-QUALITY NESTING HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA ..................................................... 906
FIGURE 3-171. MARBLED MURRELET NESTING HABITAT IN CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE DECISION AREA ............................................... 907
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FIGURE 3-172. HIGH-QUALITY MARBLED MURRELET NESTING HABITAT IN DESIGNATED CRITICAL HABITAT IN THE PLANNING AREA ........ 908
FIGURE 3-173. MARBLED MURRELET OCCUPANCY DETECTION RATES ....................................................................................... 909
FIGURE 3-174. KNOWN, OCCUPIED MARBLED MURRELET SITES IN THE DECISION AREA ................................................................. 913
FIGURE 3-175. FORECAST OF THE NUMBER OF OCCUPIED MARBLED MURRELET SITES IN THE DECISION AREA .................................... 917
FIGURE 3-176. RANGE OF THE NORTH OREGON COAST DPS OF THE RED TREE VOLE ................................................................... 920
FIGURE 3-177. RED TREE VOLE HABITAT WITHIN THE NORTH OREGON COAST DPS IN THE DECISION AREA ...................................... 922
FIGURE 3-178. RED TREE VOLE HABITAT WITHIN THE NORTH OREGON COAST DPS IN THE PLANNING AREA ..................................... 922
FIGURE 3-179. THE CURRENT (2013) POSITIONS OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL HABITAT BLOCKS IN WESTERN OREGON ..................... 937
FIGURE 3-180. THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN WESTERN OREGON TO HABITAT BLOCKS IN 2043 AND
2063 ACCORDING TO THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ............................................................................. 938
FIGURE 3-181. NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL HABITAT BLOCK LOCATIONS IN 2043 AND 2063 UNDER ALTERNATIVE C .......................... 939
FIGURE 3-182. NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL HABITAT BLOCK LOCATIONS IN 2043 AND 2063 UNDER THE PROPOSED RMP .................. 940
FIGURE 3-183. THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL DISPERSAL-CAPABLE LANDSCAPE (STIPPLED AREAS) IN 2013, ACCORDING TO THE NO
TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 943
FIGURE 3-184. THE NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL DISPERSAL-CAPABLE LANDSCAPE (STIPPLED AREAS) IN 2043 AND 2063, ACCORDING TO THE
NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................. 944
FIGURE 3-185. DISPERSAL-CAPABLE LANDS (STIPPLED AREAS), AS THEY WOULD EXIST IN 2043 AND 2063, UNDER ALTERNATIVE C ..... 945
FIGURE 3-186. DISPERSAL-CAPABLE LANDS (STIPPLED AREAS), AS THEY WOULD EXIST IN 2043 AND 2063, UNDER THE PROPOSED RMP
.......................................................................................................................................................................... 946
FIGURE 3-187. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE MODELING REGIONS ..................................................................................... 950
FIGURE 3-188. SIMULATED NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL POPULATIONS (MEAN NUMBERS OF FEMALES FROM 500 REPLICATE NON-
STOCHASTIC SIMULATIONS) FOR EACH WESTERN OREGON MODELING REGION, BY DECADE, UNDER ALTERNATIVE C AND THE
PROPOSED RMP, AND ACCORDING TO THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ....................................................... 959
FIGURE 3-189. SIMULATED NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL POPULATIONS (MEAN NUMBERS OF FEMALES FROM 500 REPLICATE NON-
STOCHASTIC SIMULATIONS) FOR EACH WESTERN OREGON PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCE, BY DECADE, UNDER ALTERNATIVE C AND THE
PROPOSED RMP, AND ACCORDING TO THE NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS ....................................................... 960
FIGURE 3-190. NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL
OF 250 FEMALES IN EACH MODELING REGION .............................................................................................................. 963
FIGURE 3-191. NO TIMBER HARVEST REFERENCE ANALYSIS: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL
OF 100 FEMALES IN EACH MODELING REGION .............................................................................................................. 965
FIGURE 3-192. ALTERNATIVE C: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL OF 250 FEMALES IN EACH
MODELING REGION ................................................................................................................................................. 967
FIGURE 3-193. ALTERNATIVE C: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL OF 100 FEMALES IN EACH
MODELING REGION ................................................................................................................................................. 968
FIGURE 3-194. PROPOSED RMP: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL OF 250 FEMALES IN EACH
MODELING REGION ................................................................................................................................................. 969
FIGURE 3-195. PROPOSED RMP: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION LEVEL OF 100 FEMALES IN EACH
MODELING REGION ................................................................................................................................................. 970
FIGURE 3-196. PROPOSED RMP WITH BARRED OWL CONTROL: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION
LEVEL OF 250 FEMALES IN EACH MODELING REGION...................................................................................................... 971
FIGURE 3-197. PROPOSED RMP WITH BARRED OWL CONTROL: EXTINCTION RISK AS A FUNCTION OF TIME, USING A QUASI-EXTINCTION
LEVEL OF 100 FEMALES IN EACH MODELING REGION...................................................................................................... 972
FIGURE 3-198. FORECASTED CHANGE IN THE ACRES OF THE FORESTED LANDSCAPE THAT WOULD BE STRONGLY AVOIDED BY NORTHERN
SPOTTED OWLS (I.E., NON-HABITAT) OF RESERVE LAND USE ALLOCATIONS ......................................................................... 976
FIGURE 3-199. FORECASTED CHANGE IN THE ACRES OF THE FORESTED LANDSCAPE THAT WOULD BE STRONGLY AVOIDED BY NORTHERN
SPOTTED OWLS (I.E., NON-HABITAT) IN CRITICAL HABITAT UNITS ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS........................................... 977
FIGURE 3-200. NUMBER OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL SITES THAT WOULD BE AT OR ABOVE RECOVERY ACTION 10 HABITAT THRESHOLDS
DURING EACH DECADE ............................................................................................................................................. 979
FIGURE 3-201. CHANGE IN THE ACRES OF ‘STRONGLY-SELECTED-FOR’ HABITAT ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS IN WESTERN OREGON . 985
FIGURE 3-202. CHANGE IN THE ACRES OF MATURE MULTIPLE-CANOPY AND STRUCTURALLY-COMPLEX FOREST ON BLM-ADMINISTERED
LANDS IN WESTERN OREGON .................................................................................................................................... 986
FIGURE 3-203. NUMBER OF NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL KNOWN SITES ASSOCIATED WITH CRITICAL HABITAT ON BLM-ADMINISTERED LANDS
THAT WOULD BE AT OR ABOVE RECOVERY ACTION 10 HABITAT THRESHOLDS DURING EACH DECADE ....................................... 994
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