Proposed resource management plan and final environmental impact statement for public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management Rawlins Field Office, Rawlins, Wyoming

2008·132.9 MB·English

by  United States. Bureau of Land Management. Rawlins Field Office

BLM LIBRARY
Resource
[Environmental Impact
Wyoming
State
Office
-
Rawlins
Field
Office
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Mission Statement
It is the mission of the Bureau of Land Management to sustain the health,
diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of
present and future generations.
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BLM/WY/PL-08/007+1610
FinalEIS Chapter4-Recreation
4.1 1 Recreation and Visitor Services
This section presents potential impacts to recreation and visitor services from other management actions.
BLM RMPPA
Recreational uses on public lands administered by within the include hunting, fishing,
OHV
floating, camping, hiking, rock climbing, horseback riding, use, rock hounding, photography,
wildlife viewing, and antler gathering. Existing conditions concerning recreation resources are described
in Section 3.11.
OHV management is discussed in Section 4.9 of this document; however, based on the level of
recreational OHV use in the RMPPA, some references to OHV use have been included in this section. For
OHV
specific impacts to use, refer to Section 4.9.
Significance Criteria
Impacts to recreation would be considered significant ifany ofthe following were to occur:
• Management actions result in long-term elimination or reduction ofrecreation use in any area or
compromise public health and safety.
• Intensity ofdevelopment is incompatible with the stated objectives ofSRMAs.
• Increases in recreational activity create substantial risks to public health and safety or resource
damage.
Methods of Analysis
Impact analysis and conclusions are based on interdisciplinary team knowledge of resources and the
RMPPA
and review of existing literature. Effects are quantified where possible. In the absence of
quantitative data, best professional judgment was used. Impacts are sometimes described using ranges of
potential impacts or in qualitative terms ifappropriate.
The analysis is based on the following assumptions:
RMPPA
• Traditional recreational uses within the will continue, and an anticipated increase will
occur in fishing, floating, camping, OHV use, and new technology-based recreation activities.
Based on Wyoming Game and Fish data, hunting is expected to gradually decrease.
• The incidence ofresource damage and conflicts between recreationists involved in motorized and
nonmotorized activities will increase with increasing use ofpublic lands.
• Proliferation ofunauthorized trails and the associated resource degradation will continue to occur
BLM
in spite of efforts at prevention and education.
• All restrictions apply to casual use, but not necessarily to all permitted activities.
• In some areas where resources have been damaged by recreational activities, sites would be
closed and reclaimed.
• RFDs and RFAs can be found in Appendix 33.
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Common
4.1 1.1 Impacts to All Alternatives
Management actions for cultural resources would require the relocation ofpotential recreational facilities
in areas where the integrity ofthe setting contributes to NRHP eligibility. Such actions would minimally
impact recreation opportunities by moving facilities or rerouting access, displacing recreationists to other
potentially less desirable areas.
Short-term impacts to recreation from wildland fire and fuels management would result in temporary
closure of areas during and after fire events, which would displace recreationists to other areas. Long-
term impacts would result in displacement of some recreationists because of the altered recreational
setting, but they would also create new recreational opportunities and experiences. Developed recreational
sites have been identified for special protections and included in the specific fire management plans,
which would maintain the recreational settings and activities.
Forest management actions would benefit recreation by allowing harvests of minor wood products to
maintain or enhance forest health. This would provide recreational opportunities such as fuel wood
gathering and improve the recreational settings by enhancing scenic qualities and other supplemental
values. Temporary recreation displacement would occur during commercial harvest activities because of
an alteration ofrecreation settings, such as increased traffic, dust, noise, and loss ofsolitude.
Lands and realty management actions to consider acquisition of nonfederal lands would potentially
improve public access in areas with intermingled land ownership and facilitate increased or improved
access to recreation resources such as WSAs and river access points. Some 935,530 acres of existing
withdrawals would be closed to public land laws and to locatable mineral entry, which would protect and
maintain recreational resources. Other lands and realty management actions would result in surface
disturbance which would alter the recreational settings and influence recreational activities, potentially
displacing recreationists to alternative areas.
Development activities associated with lands and realty actions would include wind energy development,
utility/transportation systems development, and communication site development. Areas with important
resources, such as existing and proposed recreation sites and SD/MAs that contain important
supplemental recreational values, would be avoided to reduce the impacts ofthese types ofdevelopments
where possible. Developments would alter the typical middle country recreational settings in the RMPPA
by creating contrasting elements to the existing settings that would alter recreational opportunity and
activities in the area.
Livestock management actions would help achieve the Wyoming Standards for Healthy Rangelands
BLM
(LJSDI, 1997), which would enhance recreation opportunities by maintaining the setting,
opportunities, and experiences. In many cases, promoting shorter duration of livestock use and
manipulating the season of use would incorporate timing of recreation in order to reduce the effects of
livestock grazing upon the recreational experience. The presence of livestock in a landscape setting is
probably not detrimental to the experience of most recreationists. On a site-specific level, however,
recreationists would potentially be displaced in response to water quality issues and the presence of
livestock. In some cases when livestock use is high, bacteria such as Escherichia coli would impact the
recreational experiences and activities for portions of the year. The proximity to livestock and concern
over their behavior would influence recreationists’ safety or purpose for being. This would result in a less
enjoyable experience and would potentially displace recreationists to other locations or another time of
year when livestock are not present.
Minerals management actions would open up previously limited areas to recreational use. Travel off
existing roads for “necessary tasks” associated with minerals management and other programs could
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potentially generate new primitive routes. Such new routes would create new access opportunities for
recreationists, but would also affect the recreational setting. Hazards associated with road use would be
proportional to the amount ofmineral activity plus the historical recreational use.
In areas with moderate to high oil and gas potential (Map 4-7), development activity would further alter
supplemental values important for recreation such as scenic quality and natural, social, and administrative
settings. The industrialized character associated with oil and gas activity will introduce new contrasting
elements affecting the scenic quality which would displace some recreationists to other areas. The back
country to middle country settings would be changed to an industrialized landscape setting that would
interfere with recreationists’ goals and experiences. The change would also displace them to other areas.
Short- term effects to recreation from increased oil and gas development would be improved access to
areas otherwise unreachable and expanded recreational opportunities. However, in the long term,
supplemental values and resources such as scenic quality, solitude, and wildlife would be degraded and
would interfere with recreationists’ goals and experiences.
Locatable mineral exploration and mineral material disposals would have the potential to impact
recreational resources. Mitigation measures would minimize the impacts to recreation resources resulting
from surface disturbing activities. Reasonably foreseeable development activities for locatable minerals
would not affect significant acreage. Mineral material permits are discretionary. If impacts to resources
are identified, the impacts would either be mitigated or the permit denied. Therefore, there would be little
or no effect on recreation resources.
OHV management would provide recreational opportunities and activities as well as protect and mitigate
resource damaged and resolve conflicts caused by OHV use. Some direct, short-term effects from OHV
use would be noise and decreased air quality, which would diminish the recreational experience for other
recreationists who seek solitude and natural settings for camping, hiking, and related nonmotorized
recreational activities. Congestion in popular recreation areas and conflicts between various recreationists,
such as motorized and nonmotorized users, would detract from the quality ofthe recreational experience.
OHV management will allow OHV use for “necessary tasks” and for over-the-snow activities. Such
things, however, could result in conflicts between users, promotion of primitive route proliferation, and
OHV
affect the recreational setting. use would provide additional recreational opportunities and activities
such as driving for pleasure, wildlife viewing, selfachievement, and accessing remote areas.
Paleontological discoveries would potentially be protected by actions such as fencing, signing, physical
barriers, or other methods of restricting access. Acreage within these areas would be minimal and
therefore would have a negligible impact on recreation use.
The recreation program provides opportunities for outdoor recreation activities at both developed sites
and dispersed areas. Recreation attractions would be managed to provide for visitor health and safety,
coordinate with other programs to minimize conflicts and adverse impacts on recreation opportunities,
protect resources, and enhance recreation. Short-term impacts from recreation management actions would
preserve or increase visitor satisfaction because ofthe quality of settings, opportunities, and experiences.
Long-term impacts would be sustained recreation activity, which is recognized as a renewable commodity
RMPPA.
for the
SRMAs are designated to protect and enhance specific recreation opportunities and maintain dispersed
SRMA
recreation such as hiking, camping, hunting, sightseeing, and wildlife viewing. Shirley Mountain
would be managed to maintain or enhance dispersed primitive camping and to improve travel
management to facilitate public access. Management of Cave Creek Cave within the SRMA would
provide and maintain a unique recreational caving opportunity while protecting the resources. The
Continental Divide National Scenic Trail management actions would provide recreationists the
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opportunity to experience a segment of the 3,100-mile trail extending from Canada to Mexico while
providing access to areas otherwise unavailable for recreational activities. Management actions of the
North Platte River SRMA, recognized for the exceptional fishing and river-related opportunities, would
maintain river access and recreational opportunities and experiences. OHV SRMA management actions
would include educational programs that would provide forresponsible motorized recreational activities.
Management actions of Jelm Mountain SRMA would maintain or enhance the natural resources and
settings thereby benefiting the recreational settings and supplemental values such as scenic qualities and
solitude. PedroMountains SRMAswouldbemanagedtoenhanceopportunitiesforrockclimbing,aswell
astoprotectthebackcountryto middle countryrecreational settingsbypreservingthe scenic qualityand
primitive recreational experiences. Management actions for the Laramie Plains Lakes and the Rawlins
Fishing SRMAs would allow forcontinued availability ofwater-relatedactivities, which would diversify
therecreationalopportunitiesforthelocalcommunities.
The specialprotections andenhancements associatedwith SD/MAs often enhance recreation settings and
experiences, but would potentially restrict recreational management activities and dispersed recreational
uses. WSAs and WSRs, managed to preserve wilderness character, consist ofsettings for users seeking
primitive recreational opportunities. Such opportunities, however, would preclude and displace users
seekingmotorizedactivities.
Transportation and access management actions would maintain an adequate road network for public
health and safety. In addition, the actions would facilitate recreational access through intermingled land
ownershippatterns,whichwouldmaintainrecreationalopportunities,activities,andexperiences.
Vegetation management actions would use all forms ofcontrol for noxious and invasive species on a
case-by-casebasisandwouldmanageriparian,wetland,anduplandvegetation. Short-termimpactswould
be visitor displacement resulting from temporary closures of areas undergoing vegetation treatments.
Long-tenn impacts to recreation, overall, would maintain or improve the recreational settings,
opportunities, andactivities.
Visual resource management actions would maintain the overall integrity ofthe scenic qualities while
allowing for development of existing and future uses. These designations would limit visual impacts
associated with management actions in VRM Class I and Class II areas, whereas VRM Class III and
Class IV would allow much more modification ofthe natural environment. Strict mitigation associated
withVRMClass IandClassIIwouldpreventprojects fromcontrastingwiththe existingelements,which
wouldretainorimprovetherecreational settings. MitigationassociatedwithVRM Class III andClass IV
would allow more scenic contrasts, which would detract from the recreational setting (Appendix 2-25).
Altering the recreational setting would influence recreational activities, which would displace some
recreationistsseekingbackcountrytomiddlecountryrecreationsettings.
Water quality, watershed, and soils management actions such as avoidance, mitigation, or application of
BMPs (Appendix 13) would protect water sources for campground facilities and would enhance
recreational opportunities by providing potable water. Water and watershed management activities
indirectlyprotectexistingflowconditionsthataffectrecreationalopportunitiesandriver-relatedactivities.
Management actions to protect sensitive soils would preclude development ofrecreational campgrounds
in specific areas, but would maintain or enhance the recreational settings and supplemental values.
Overall, impactstorecreationwouldbenegligible.
Wild horses management actions would protect, maintain, and control viable, healthy herds while
retaining their free-roaming nature and provide opportunities for public viewing ofwild horses. These
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actions would maintain a quality recreation setting and provide for unique supplemental values,
opportunities,andexperiences.
Fish and wildlife management decisions affect the habitat, health, and population of fish and wildlife
species. Many recreation activities such as hunting, wildlife viewing, bird watching, and fishing are
dependent upon the presence ofhealthy and abundant wildlife habitats and populations. Wildlife actions
that maintain or improve wildlife habitat would affect the natural integrity ofthe recreational setting,
which would influence activities and opportunities. Management ofwildlife habitat would allow surface
disturbinganddisruptiveactivities to occur. Spatial andtemporal restrictions, aswell asrequiring BMPs,
would be implemented to protect or improve wildlife and associated habitat. It should be noted that
managementactionsthatwouldalterrecreationalactivitieswouldtemporarilydisplacewildlife.
4.11.2 Impacts Under Alternative 1: Continuation of Existing
Management
Management actions forcultural resources wouldrequire the relocation ofpotentialrecreational facilities
in areas where the integrity ofthe setting contributes toNRHP eligibility. Such actions would minimally
impact recreation opportunities by moving facilities orrerouting access, displacingrecreationists to other
potentially less desirable areas. Protection ofcultural siteswouldincreasetheirpotential as arecreational
destination,whichwouldoffermoreopportunitiesandactivities. Overall, littleornoimpactstorecreation
wouldbeanticipated.
Wildland fire management actions would allow wildland fire to play its natural role and would be used
forresource benefit when appropriate. Short-term localized impacts to recreation from wildland fire and
fuels management would result in temporary closure ofareas during and after fire events, which would
displace recreationists to other areas. However, with an average of4,000 acres burned by wildland fire
per year, impacts to recreational resources, settings, opportunities, and experiences would be minimal.
Long-termimpactswouldresult indisplacementofsomerecreationistsbecause ofthealteredrecreational
setting,buttheywouldalsocreatenewrecreationalopportunitiesandexperiences.
Forest management would use a full range of methods to improve forest health. Timber harvesting
activities (28,500 acres would be available for commercial timber harvest on Shirley Mountain) would
temporarilydisplacerecreationistsbecauseofanalterationofrecreationsettings, suchas increasedtraffic,
dust, noise, and loss of solitude; these activities would also cause a loss of recreational opportunities
during logging operations. Timber harvesting would alter recreational settings, which would influence
recreational opportunities and experiences. In the long term, closed logging roads would provide non-
motorized access into areas that would provide additional recreational opportunities, activities, and
experiences.
Acquisitions and land tenure adjustments through exchange would facilitate greater recreational access
and reduce conflicts between recreationists and landowners. Other lands and realty management actions
would result in surface disturbance that would alter the recreational settings and influence recreational
activities, potentially displacing recreationists to alternative areas. This action, combined with continued
ROW
protection of existing recreation resources through the establishment of avoidance areas and
exclusionareas,couldresultinanincreaseinavailablerecreational opportunities.
Proposed closure ofabout 63,670 acres to operation ofthe public land laws, including disposal, and to
mineral location under the mining laws would be pursued. These closures would provide additional
protection to recreational resources and would maintain or enhance recreational settings, opportunities,
andexperiences. Impactstorecreationalresources fromdisposalactionswouldbenegligible.
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Development activities associated with lands and realty actions would include wind energy development,
utility/transportation systems development, and communication site development. Areas with important
resources, such as existing and proposed recreation sites and SD/MAs that contain important
supplemental recreational values, would be avoided to reduce the impacts ofthese types ofdevelopments
where possible (Map 2-30). These facilities would still potentially affect recreational settings within
avoidance areas because of the height and size of the facilities, the noise they make, and the visual
intrusion that is visible from great distances. Developments of this size would alter the typical middle
country recreational settings in the RMPPA by creating elements that contrast with the existing settings
thereby altering recreational opportunity and activities in the area.
In addition to impacts described in the Common to All section, livestock management actions would
create new roads (for access to range improvements) and help maintain existing roads and vehicle routes,
which would improve recreational access to some areas. New fences would have an adequate number and
location of gates to meet the needs of livestock management and other resource values including
recreation management. In some instances gates would not be placed on every existing road crossing.
They would not be located, for example, where recreation management or another program would benefit
from a road or trail closure protecting or enhancing resource values. Construction of larger reservoirs
capable ofcreating new fishery resources would increase the number ofsites for recreational fishing. The
result would be wider distribution ofthis use and potentially more favorable experiences from such sites.
Conversions from cattle or sheep to domestic bison would increase safety concerns on the part of
recreationists because of potential confrontations with bison. However, this is a discretionary action
authorized by the field manager and effects on other resource values would be taken into account prior to
approval.
Mineral development in areas of high and moderate oil and gas potential (where most development is
anticipated) is expected to add 8,945 new wells with a gross disturbance of61,895 acres during the life of
the plan. The additional oil and gas facilities, equipment, noise, dust, vehicles, night lighting, pipelines,
and human activity would alter the recreational setting to an industrial setting, which would influence
recreationists goals, opportunities, activities, and experiences. This change in the nature of the setting
’
would potentially displace recreationists. It would not only be a significant impact to recreation through
loss of opportunities in the industrialized areas, but it would also lead to an increase in visitors in areas
with traditional recreational settings where the recreationists go to experience alternate opportunities and
experiences. The increase in the visitor concentration in alternate recreational settings would potentially
detract from the quality of recreational experiences in those areas, especially for those seeking solitude.
Under this alternative, 85,130 acres would be available for lease under stipulations such as NSO, 65,600
1
acres would be closed to leasing, and 63,670 acres would be withdrawn from locatable mineral entry,
each of which would protect specific recreation settings from the significant impacts discussed in the
Impacts Common to All section. Development management actions would result in long-term reduction
ofrecreation use in these areas, which constitutes a significant impact to recreation.
Locatable mineral exploration and mineral material disposals would have the potential to impact
recreational resources. Mitigation measures would minimize the impacts to recreation resources caused
by surface disturbing activities. Reasonably foreseeable development activities for locatable minerals
would not affect significant acreage. Mineral material permits are discretionary. If impacts to resources
are identified, the impacts would either be mitigated or the permit denied. Therefore, there would be little
or no effect on recreation resources.
OHV management actions allow for open OHV use in the nonvegetated sand areas in the Dune Ponds
Cooperative Management Area (3,730 acres), the remainder ofthe RMPPA would be managed as limited
to existing roads and vehicle routes (1,284,490 acres), or limited to designated or existing roads and
vehicle routes (2,222,330 acres). An increase in route proliferation from offroad OHV use to retrieve big
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game, access campsites, or complete “necessary tasks” would affect the recreational setting and
experience for recreationists desiring natural settings. The seasonal restrictions and areas closed to OHV
use would maintain or enhance the natural recreational values and settings preferred by recreationists
seeking a primitive recreational experience.
Recreation resource management actions would create an NSO stipulation within recreation sites. Surface
disturbance would be intensively managed within the 1/4 mile surrounding these sites in an attempt to
locate development activities far enough away to preserve the recreation setting and experience at the
sites. Developed recreation sites would also be closed to locatable mineral entry, mineral material
disposals, and operation of the public land laws, all ofwhich would further preserve the integrity of the
sites and the quality ofthe recreation experience.
The Shirley Mountain area management actions would retain the SRMA designation, thus allowing a
continued recreation management focus on the area. Management actions will also open oil and gas
leasing with intensive management of surface disturbing and disruptive activities, which would decrease
the potential for altering the recreational settings and experiences.
SRMA
The North Platte River would be open to oil and gas leasing with intensive management ofsurface
disturbance. Development activities would potentially impact the recreational experience along the river
SRMA
corridor with noise, fugitive dust, odors, visual intrusions, and industrial traffic. The would also
be open to locatable mineral entry and mineral material disposals with restrictions to maintain the visual
resource that would minimize the visual affects created by new vehicle routes, fugitive dust, and noise
that would detract from the quality ofthe recreation experience in localized areas.
Jelm Mountain, the Pedro Mountains, the Rawlins Fishing sites, and the Laramie Plains Lakes would not
become SRMAs. These areas would be open to oil and gas leasing, locatable mineral entry, mineral
material disposals, and the operation of the public land laws. While mineral development would not
necessarily reduce the visitation to these areas, these actions would alter the recreational settings,
experiences, and supplemental values by the development actions associated with industrial settings.
The Como Bluff area (1,690 acres), Sand Hills ACEC (7,960 acres), Jep Canyon area (13,810 acres),
Stratton Sagebrush Steppe Research Area Potential ACEC (5,530 acres), Chain Lakes area (30,560 acres),
WHMA
Laramie Peak (18,940 acres), Wick-Beumee area (280 acres), Cave Creek Cave area (240 acres),
Laramie Plains Lakes area (1,600 acres), Historic Trails area (66,370 acres), Upper Muddy Creek
Watershed/Grizzly area (16,340 acres), and Cow Butte/Wild Cow area (49,570 acres) would require
intensive management of surface disturbing and other disruptive activities. Intensive management would
potentially restrict the amount and size of surface disturbance, decreasing the potential to alter the
recreational settings and experiences.
SD/MA management actions would not designate the Blowout Penstemon area as an ACEC, and would
also be open to locatable mineral entry and mineral material disposals. These actions would affect the
recreational resources and potentially alter the recreational settings, which would influence recreational
activities. These impacts would potentially displace recreationists to alternative areas. However,
management actions would also actively pursue land tenure adjustments, including acquisition of lands,
easements, or exchanges. These actions would potentially improve recreational settings and opportunities
by minimizing conflicts within mixed surface ownership lands.
High Savery Dam and Reservoir area management actions would allow development of a recreational
OHV
fishery and close the area to use. These actions would preserve the recreational settings by
preventing proliferation ofprimitive trails, and enhance recreational opportunities and experiences, which
would diversify the recreational opportunities for the local communities.
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The Cave Creek Cave ACEC would not be created and management actions would allow timber
harvesting and open public lands to operation ofpublic land laws, including sale, locatable mineral entry,
and mineral material disposals. These actions would potentially endanger cave resources and would
potentially affect its desirability as a destination for recreational caving (Cave Creek Cave Potential
ACEC). Management actions allowing oil and gas leasing with intensive management of surface
disturbing and disruptive activities would decrease the potential of altering the cave resources, which
would help maintain the recreational activities and experiences.
The 140 miles ofsegments deemed eligible for inclusion in the Wild and Scenic River System would be
protected from new human intrusions to maintain their free-flowing nature, outstandingly remarkable
values, and tentative classifications until suitability determinations are made. This action would preserve
the recreational settings and would maintain or enhance the primitive recreational experiences and
opportunities these segments provide.
Transportation and access management would potentially acquire new legal public access to areas that
would offer new recreational opportunities on public lands. With more alternative opportunities, over-
concentration ofvisitation in the more popular areas would be less likely.
Road densities would not be considered during the analysis process of surface disturbing and disruptive
activities. This course would potentially be detrimental to recreation opportunities by allowing road
proliferation to fragment habitat, create linear visual intrusions, bring about increased noise and dust
associated with traffic, and generally alter the natural character ofan area.
Short-term impacts from vegetation treatments would temporarily displace recreationists from treated
areas to other areas. The long-term effects would be to enhance the recreational setting and experience by
improving the vegetation health and wildlife habitat.
Visual resource management classifications determine the allowable level of visual impact in specific
areas while maintaining the effectiveness of land use allocations for activities based on other resources.
VRM
Limitations on visual intrusions to protect the visual quality of Class I and Class II areas retain or
improve the naturalness of recreational settings. Class III and Class IV would allow for more visual
intrusions and modifications to landscapes, which would alter the landscapes from natural settings to
VRM
industrial settings. Areas prescribed with Class 111 and Class IV would alter the recreational
settings, which would displace users seeking more natural landscapes. The checkerboard land pattern
ROW VRM
along the original Union Pacific Railroad (U.P.R.R.) is not conducive to Class II because
BLM
has no control over adjacent private surface where development would potentially impair visual
qualities. Recreation opportunities are limited in the checkerboard and other intermingled land patterns
VRM
such as the Shirley Mountains. Thus a change from Class II to Class III would have minimal impact
on recreation settings or opportunities in these areas.
Impacts from water quality, watershed, and soils management will be similar to those noted in the
Common to All section, except for the action authorizing surface discharge of produced water from oil
and gas development. Surface discharging produced waters would change the physical hydrology of
receiving waters, impact water quality, and would possibly create additional temporary water sources or
evaporation/infiltration reservoirs that would require reclamation upon project completion. Changes in
water quality in recreational fisheries would alter aquatic habitats and would potentially be detrimental to
fishing resources. The surface discharge of produced waters would potentially create new waterbodies
that support recreational fisheries. These fishery resources would be available for proximately 15 years as
produced waters are available.
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