Propionibacterium acnes and its phages Lood, Rolf

86 Pages·2017·3 MB·English

Propionibacterium acnes and its phages
Lood, Rolf
2011
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Citation for published version (APA):
Lood, R. (2011). Propionibacterium acnes and its phages. [Doctoral Thesis (compilation), Department of Clinical
Sciences, Lund]. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University.
Total number of authors:
1
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LUND UNIVERSITY
PO Box 117
221 00 Lund
[phone]

Propionibacterium acnes and its phages
RolfLood
DepartmentofClinicalSciences,Lund
DivisionofInfectionMedicine
FacultyofMedicine
LundUniversity,Sweden
Doctoraldissertation
WithduepermissionfromtheMedicalFacultyatLundUniversitythisdoctoralthesisisto
bepubliclydefendedonthe7th ofOctober2011,at9.00inSegerfalksalen,Biomedical
Center,Sölvegatan17,Lund.
Facultyopponent
Dr. HolgerBrüggemann
DepartmentofMolecularBiology
MaxPlanckInstituteforInfectionBiology
Berlin,Germany

Propionibacterium acnes and its phages
RolfLood
DepartmentofClinicalSciences,Lund
DivisionofInfectionMedicine
FacultyofMedicine
LundUniversity,Sweden
Lund2011
RolfLood
DepartmentofClinicalSciences,Lund
DivisionofInfectionMedicine
FacultyofMedicine
LundUniversity
BiomedicalCenter,B14
22184Lund
Sweden
E-mail: [email protected]
Mobilephone: [phone]
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Coverimage:
ThelysisofPropionibacteriumacnesinfectedwithbacteriophages,andthesubsequent
releaseofthebacteriophages,asvisualizedusingscanningelectronmicroscopy. Maria
BaumgartenandDr. MatthiasMörgelinareacknowledgedforthenegativestainingand
electronmicroscopy,respectively.
PrintedbyE-husettryckeri,Lund,Sweden
©RolfLood,2011
©JohnWileyandSons,2008
ISSN1652-8220
ISBN978-91-86871-43-7
LundUniversity,FacultyofMedicineDoctoralDissertationSeries2011:94
ToMomandDad
Thefirsttopresenthiscaseseemsright,
tillanothercomesforwardandquestionshim
-Proverbs18:17
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 10
1.1 Listofpapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.3 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4 Populärvetenskapligsammanfattning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Summary 21
The Bad Guys 22
3 Propionibacterium acnes 23
3.1 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.2 GeneticsofthePropionibacteriaceaefamily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 DifferenttypesofP.acnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.4 PlasmidsinPropionibacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5 TransformationsystemsinPropionibacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.6 Morphologicalcharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.7 Growthcharacteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.8 Antibioticresistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.9 VirulenceofP.acnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.10 Acne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.11 Prostatecancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.12 Prosthesisremoval-biofilmformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.13 CharacterizedproteinsfromP.acnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4 Virulence factors 34
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.2 Virulencefactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Tripletsinvirulencefactors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3.1 Biofilms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.3.2 Sialidases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.3.3 Protectionfromreactiveoxygenspecies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.4 HowtostudyvirulencefactorsinP.acnes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8
The Good Guys 44
5 Bacteriophages 45
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2.2 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2.3 Identificationofphages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.3 Lifecycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.2 Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
5.3.3 DNAinjection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.3.4 Lifecycledecision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.3.5 Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.3.6 Phagerelease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.4 Phagemediatedvirulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.5 Phagesintheindustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.5.1 Industrialproblemswithphages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.5.2 Phagedisplay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.6 Phagetherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.6.1 Phagetherapyusingwholephages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.6.2 Phagetherapyusingphageendolysins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 References 61
9