Project Management for Healthcare (ESI International Project Management Series)

268 Pages·2011·2.6 MB·English

by  David Shirley

Healthcare / Project Management S
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A growing number of healthcare organizations are implementing project l
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management principles to improve cost and service efficiencies. They are y
in desperate need of resources that clearly illustrate the project management
needs of today’s healthcare professional. Project Management for Healthcare
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fills this need. Using easy-to-follow language, it explains how the time-tested
principles of project management can help maximize limited resources and r
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ensure the highest possible quality of care.
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Exploring the discipline of project management from the perspective of the
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healthcare environment, the book dissects the project process and provides
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the tools and techniques required to successfully plan, execute, and control
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any healthcare-based project. From identifying stakeholders to constructing
a project plan, this book covers the complete spectrum of project planning
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activities. Complete with chapter summaries, exercises, hints, review
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questions, and case studies, it illustrates applications across a range of
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healthcare settings.
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• Explains how to utilize the project plan to execute projects
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within budget, schedule, and quality objectives
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• Covers program management as it relates to healthcare
• Addresses the interaction between healthcare and e
information technology
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• Presents best practices from the pharmaceutical and medical
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equipment industries—that can easily be adopted to readers’ settings
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o
Because most healthcare personnel will inevitably have to work
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with program management and need to interact with pharmaceutical

companies and medical device manufacturers, the book provides an H
inside look at the processes and best practices used to bring products
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to market in these industries. Explaining how to adapt these processes
a
to drive down costs and improve the quality of care in any healthcare
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setting, the book includes a case study of a fictitious medical facility t
that illustrates the proper application of the tools and techniques needed h
to manage healthcare projects effectively and efficiently. c
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K11028
e
ISBN: 978-1-4398-1953-1
90000
www.crcpress.com
9 781439 819531
www.auerbach-publications.com
K11028 cvr mech.indd 1 3/9/11 10:17 AM
Project
Management
for Healthcare
ESI International Project Management Series
Series Editor

J. LeRoy Ward, Executive Vice President
ESI International
Arlington, Virginia
Project Management for Heathcare
David Shirley
978-1-4398-1953-1
Managing Web Projects
Edward B. Farkas
978-1-4398-0495-7
Project Management Recipes for Success
Guy L. De Furia
978-1-4200-7824-4
Building a Project Work Breakdown Structure: Visualizing Objectives,
Deliverables, Activities, and Schedules
Dennis P. Miller
978-1-4200-6969-3
A Standard for Enterprise Project Management
Michael S. Zambruski
978-1-4200-7245-7
Determining Project Requirements
Hans Jonasson
978-1-4200-4502-4
The Complete Project Management Office Handbook, Second Edition
Gerard M. Hill
978-1-4200-4680-9
Practical Guide to Project Planning
Ricardo Viana Vargas
978-1-4200-4504-8
Other ESI International Titles Available from
Auerbach Publications, Taylor & Francis Group
PMP® Challenge! Fourth Edition
J. LeRoy Ward and Ginger Levin
ISBN: 978-1-8903-6740-4
PMP® Exam: Practice Test and Study Guide, Seventh Edition
J. LeRoy Ward
ISBN: 978-1-8903-6741-1
The Project Management Drill Book: A Self-Study Guide
Carl L. Pritchard
ISBN: 978-1-8903-6734-3
Project Management Terms: A Working Glossary, Second Edition
J. LeRoy Ward
ISBN: 978-1-8903-6725-1
Project Management Tools CD, Version 4.3
ESI International
ISBN: 978-1-8903-6736-7
Project
Management
for Healthcare
David Shirley
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
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Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1954-8 (Ebook-PDF)
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Contents
Preface ...................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgments ............................................................................xxiii
About the Author ................................................................................xxv
Sec t ion i Definition
c hapter 1 Defining a Project ..............................................................3
What Is a Project? ........................................................................3
What Is a Project Life Cycle? .....................................................4
The History of Project Management .........................................5
Roles and Responsibilities in Project Management ................6
Project Management and the Healthcare Environment ........7
Establishing Relationships in Healthcare ................................9
Differences in Management .....................................................11
Strategic Management .........................................................11
Operations Management .....................................................11
Crisis Management ...............................................................13
Project Management ............................................................13
Summary ....................................................................................14
Key Review Questions ..............................................................14
Endnotes .....................................................................................15
c hapter 2 Planning for a Project ......................................................17
Why Are Projects Chosen? .......................................................17
Personal ..................................................................................17
Financial.................................................................................17
Competitive ...........................................................................19
Safety .....................................................................................20
Regulatory .............................................................................20
Summary................................................................................21
Decision-Making Tools for Choosing a Project ....................21
Root Cause Analysis .............................................................21
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC v
vi  •  Contents
Cost-Benefit Analysis ...........................................................24
Brainstorming .......................................................................26
Consensus Building .............................................................28
Organizational Structure Influences on Project
Choices ..................................................................................28
Functional Organization ...............................................28
Matrixed Organization ...................................................29
Project-Focused Organization ......................................30
Other Considerations for Project Choice ..........................33
Regulatory and Industry/Organization Standards .....33
Key Review Questions .............................................................34
Endnote ......................................................................................34
c hapter 3 Getting Started ...............................................................35
Project Sponsor ..........................................................................35
Project Charter ..........................................................................36
Goals and Objectives ................................................................38
Project Players ...........................................................................40
Project Plan ...............................................................................42
The Project Charter .............................................................42
Scope Statement ...................................................................42
Requirements and Expectations ...................................43
Detailed Project Description ..........................................45
Milestones and Deliverables ...........................................45
Acceptance/Success Criteria ..........................................46
Contractual Specifications ......................................................46
The Work Breakdown Structure .............................................47
Dealing with the Creeps ...........................................................49
Key Review Questions ..............................................................50
Endnotes .....................................................................................50
Sec t ion ii t he Details
c hapter 4 Managing Time ................................................................53
Estimating Time ........................................................................53
Historical Information ........................................................54
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents  •  vii
Lessons Learned ...................................................................54
Expert Judgment ..................................................................54
3 and 6 Point Estimates........................................................55
Getting Estimates .................................................................55
Trusting the Data ............................................................56
Pushing Back ........................................................................56
Who Will Do the Tasks? ......................................................57
Understanding Scheduling Tools ............................................57
Network Diagram .................................................................58
Start–End–Float ....................................................................59
Gantt Chart ...........................................................................62
Task Relationships ................................................................62
Other Dependency Considerations ....................................63
Leads and Lags .....................................................................64
Calendars and Updating .....................................................64
Sequencing Tasks ..................................................................65
Schedule Development.............................................................66
Schedule Control ......................................................................66
Crashing ................................................................................66
Fast Tracking .........................................................................67
Key Review Questions ..............................................................67
c hapter 5 Managing Project Costs ...................................................69
Estimating Cost .........................................................................69
Cost Categories .....................................................................71
Direct Costs ......................................................................71
Variable Costs ...................................................................72
Indirect Costs ...................................................................72
Special Case Costs............................................................72
Capital Costs .....................................................................73
Assessing Costs ..........................................................................73
Types of Estimates ................................................................73
Order of Magnitude .........................................................73
Budget Estimate ...............................................................74
Definitive Estimate ..........................................................74
Pro Forma Assessments ..................................................74
Other Estimating Considerations..................................75
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
viii  •  Contents
Cost Estimating Tools ..........................................................76
Analogous Estimating .....................................................76
Parametric Estimating ....................................................76
Bottom-Up Estimating ....................................................77
Allocating Budgeted Costs .......................................................77
Key Review Questions ..............................................................78
Endnote .......................................................................................78
c hapter 6 Managing Project Quality ...............................................79
History of Quality in the United States ..................................79
Project Quality Management ...................................................81
Project Planning ...................................................................82
Quality Management Tools .................................................82
Flow Charts .......................................................................82
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams ...........................................83
Check Sheets .....................................................................83
Pareto Charts ....................................................................83
Histograms ......................................................................84
Control Charts .................................................................85
Scatter Plot ........................................................................85
Project Quality Control .......................................................85
Project Quality Assurance ..................................................86
What Is Quality? ...................................................................87
A Transcendent Approach ..............................................87
Product-Based Approach ................................................87
User-Based Approach ......................................................87
Manufacturing-Based Approach ..................................88
Value-Based Approach ...................................................88
Quality of Service Approaches .......................................89
Basic Statistical Concepts Used in Quality
Assessment.............................................................................89
Attributes and Variables .................................................89
Mean, Median, Mode .....................................................90
Range, Variance, Standard Deviation ..........................90
The Cost of Quality ...................................................................91
Summary ....................................................................................91
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents  •  ix
Key Review Questions ..............................................................91
Endnotes .....................................................................................92
c hapter 7 Communications ..............................................................93
The Process of Communicating ..............................................95
Methods of Communicating ...............................................95
Conditions of Communications ........................................96
Barriers to Communications ...................................................97
Improving Your Communications .........................................98
Variables of Communications ..............................................100
Communications Management Plan ....................................101
Communications Plan .......................................................102
Improving Communications .................................................103
Social Media and Healthcare .................................................105
Reporting ..................................................................................107
Key Review Questions ............................................................108
Endnotes ...................................................................................108
c hapter 8 Change ............................................................................109
Dealing with Change ..............................................................109
Monitoring and Controlling Changes ..................................112
Change as a Good Thing ........................................................117
Support and Authority .......................................................118
Project Managers as Change Agents ................................118
Projects/Change Are One and the Same .........................119
Summary .................................................................................120
Key Review Questions ...........................................................120
Endnotes ..................................................................................120
c hapter 9 Risk ..................................................................................121
What Is Risk? ...........................................................................121
Risk and Reward .....................................................................122
Interviewing ............................................................................123
Risk Matrices...........................................................................123
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC