Project Management for Environmental, Construction and Manufacturing Engineers: A Manual for Putting Theory into Practice

261 Pages·2012·3.907 MB·English

by  Nolberto Munier

Project Management for Environmental,
Construction and Manufacturing Engineers

Nolberto Munier
Project Management for
Environmental, Construction
and Manufacturing Engineers
A Manual for Putting Theory into Practice
With additional contributions by
Fernando Jime´nez-Sa´ez and Marta Ferna´ndez-Diego
NolbertoMunier
INGENIO(CSIC-UPV)
UniversitatPolite`cnicadeVale`ncia,Spain
ISBN:978-94-007-4475-2 ISBN:978-94-007-4476-9(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-4476-9
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012941300
#SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2013
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Preface
Project management is a very complex activity involving interacting and dealing with people
withdiverseskills,interests,andexperience,differentactivitiesandlinesofwork,varioustrades
andoftenworkingforthesameprojectindifferentplacesatthesametime.Aprojectcantake
onlyacoupleofweeksoranumberofyears.Itcanemployfewpeopleorseveralhundreds,often
requiring large amounts of money in salaries, wages and equipment, with a few or perhaps
thousandsofactivitieswhicharetobeexecutedsequentially,inseriesorinparallel,normally
withtheworkfinishedbyonetradeasaninputforanother.Itmayhavetodealwithuncertainties
or unfamiliar facts, sometimes involving risky operations and circumstances considering the
welfareofworkersaswellasthenatureofthework.Allofthismustbedoneontime,within
budget,withoutaccidents,aimingatthehighestqualityandtotheentiresatisfactionoftheclient
andstakeholders.Whatachallenge!
Human contact, asa most fundamental attribute ofany complex project,involves working
withdifferentprofessionalssuchasengineers,architects,accountants,planners,safetymonitors,
publicrelationsspecialists,financeandcomputerpeople,aswellassuppliers,contractors,andof
course,withthepromotersoftheproject,bothclientsandstakeholders.Consequently,aproject
manager, who obviously needs to delegate most of the non-management work, must have a
thoroughunderstandingofthedifferentparticularsoftheprojectunderhis/herdirectionandthus
qualityofleadershipisessentialforitsdevelopment.
Thisbookisdevotedtoexposingthepracticalsideofprojectmanagement,bywhichterm
wemeantheprojectmanagerandallthetechnicalstaffunderhis/herauthority.Inotherwords,
this book illustrates in a practical way the know-how of project management, which is how
thingsaredone,usingthelatesttechniquesandinformaticstools.
Thechaptersareorganizedfollowingapproximatelythesubsequentscheme:
Anabstractonitscontent.
(a) Introductiontothechaptersubject.
(b) Conciseinformationaboutitsimportanceandabrieftheoreticalbackground.
(c) Origin of the data needed to be processed in the technique explained in each chapter
(fromothergroupsorprocesses).Theideaistoestablishlink/swiththesource/s,forthe
analysttoknowfromwheretogetthenecessaryinformation.Thisprocedureisessentialin
step(e).Thisdependencyisshowngraphicallybyanarrowdiagram.
(d) Destinationandusefulnessofresultsitproduces(tosameorothergroupsandprocesses).
Theideaisestablishinglink/swithdestination/s,fortheanalysttoknowwhowillusethis
information,orwhatitisfor.Thisprocedureisessentialinstep(e).
(e) Analysisoffeedbackprocedureswhennecessary(tosameorothergroupsandprocesses).
(f) Resolving an application example in an actual case and commenting on the use of
pertinentavailablecommercialcomputersoftware.
(g) Eventhougheachchapterisself-contained,therearenodoubtsthatProjectManagement
is not a lineal sequential procedure. More often than not a continuous feedback is
necessary;therefore,thereisalotofintercommunicationbetweenthedifferentprocesses,
aspermentionedinsteps(c),(d)and(e).
(h) Conclusionandrecommendations.
(i) BibliographyandInternetreferences.
v
vi Preface
Twenty-seven case examples are proposed in this book, most of them taken from actual
experience.Consequently,therearemanytablesandfiguresinanattempttomakereadingand
understanding as easy as possible. To avoid confusion, since a chapter may have more than
oneexampleandmorethanonecasestudy,eachtable/figurebearstwocaptions:thenameof
thetable/figure,andthecasestudyitbelongsto.Thissecondcaptionisunderlinedtoidentify
thecaptionwiththecorrespondingcasestudy.Thosetables/figureswhichdonotrefertocase
studiesbearonlythecaptionwiththename.
Contents
1 IntroductionandRoadMaptoProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 SomeDefinitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.2 ProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.3 ConstructionProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.4 ConstructionManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 BookOrganization. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 StrategicSequenceforProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 SequenceofProcessesintheProjectLifeCycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.1 TheFiveEssentialFunctionsinProjectManagement. . . . . . . . 6
1.4.2 GeneralandUsefulPointstoTakeintoAccount. . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 ChapterStructure.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6 TablesforPerformingActionsintheDifferentGroups. . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6.1 FirstGroup:Initiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.6.2 SecondGroup:Planning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.6.3 ThirdGroup:ExecutionandOverseeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.6.4 FourthGroup:MonitoringandControl. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . 34
1.6.5 FifthGroup:Closing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.7 ProjectCharter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.8 ProjectManagementPlan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.9 OrganizationalProcessAssets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.10 StatementofWork(SOW). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.11 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2 ProjectInnovationandDesign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1 Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2 ProjectsOrigins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3 InnovationandProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4 CASESTUDY:DevelopmentofaToolforDecision-Making. . . . . . . 39
2.4.1 BackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.4.2 Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4.3 Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.4.4 TheNextMarket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.5 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3 LeadershipandNegotiationforProjectManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1 PartOne:Leadership. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 43
3.1.1 ProjectManagerAttributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2 PartTwo:NegotiationinProjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2.2 TheNegotiationProcess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
vii
viii Contents
3.2.3 CASESTUDY:IdentifyingtheProblem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2.4 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4 ProjectStrategicPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.2 ToolsforStrategicPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3 ElementsofStrategicPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.4 CASESTUDY:CommercializationandDistributionofanImported
FoodProductintotheUSAMarket. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 57
4.4.1 BackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.4.2 SWOTAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4.4.3 AnalysisofThisCase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.5 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.6 SuggestedProcedureforStrategicPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.6.1 StatetheGoalandAnalyzeDiverseFactors
andPotentialRisks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.6.2 ConsiderOtherStrategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.6.3 PerformaMarketStudyandAnalyzePotentialVariations. . . . . 62
4.6.4 StudyCustomLawsandTaxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.6.5 ThinkAboutFacilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.6.6 Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.6.7 MonitoringandControl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.6.8 FinalComments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.7 StrategicPlanninginRemedialWork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.8 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5 ProjectImpactontheEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.1 TheEnvironmentImportanceinProjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.2 DetectionofImpactsProducedbyaProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.3 ImpactIdentification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5.4 CASESTUDY:ConstructionofaDamforaHydro
ElectricProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.5 ProjectsDesignedtoProtecttheEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.6 CASESTUDY:TheHiddenContaminationinManufacturing. . . . . . . . 71
5.6.1 BackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.6.2 LifeCycleComputation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.6.3 Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
5.7 ClosingaProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.8 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6 ProjectRiskManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.1 TheImportanceofConsideringRiskinProjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.2 ThePurposeofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.3 DefinitionofProjectRisk.. . . .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . 76
6.3.1 RiskClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.4 RiskComponents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.1 DifferentThreatsinProjectsorRiskFactors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.2 AssetsUnderThreat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.3 ProbabilityofOccurrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.4 OutcomesandImpacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.4.5 MeasuringtheRisk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.4.6 Safeguards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Contents ix
6.5 ProjectRiskManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.5.1 RiskAssessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.5.2 RiskIdentification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.5.3 RiskAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.4 RiskEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.5 RiskTreatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.6 RiskMonitoringandControlling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.6 InternationalRiskStandard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.7 CASESTUDY:SoftwareDevelopmentProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.8 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7 ProjectEconomicandFinancialEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.1 TheInvestmentCycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.1.1 FinancingtheProjectThroughBankLoans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.1.2 ApplicationsofFunds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.1.3 PreparationoftheInvestmentScheduleDuring
theConstructionPeriod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.1.4 DepreciationandTaxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.1.5 Reinvestment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.1.6 OperatingCosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.1.7 WorkingCapital(WC). . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . 94
7.1.8 DifferenceBetweenFixedAssetsandWorkingCapital. . . . . . . 96
7.1.9 ProjectManagerInvolvement. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 96
7.2 TheInvestmentCycleinStatements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
7.2.1 TheBalanceSheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.2.2 CashFlowStatement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.2.3 IncomeStatement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.2.4 ProjectAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
7.3 SensitivityAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.4 SequencetoPrepareanEconomicandFinancialAnalysis
foraProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7.5 CASESTUDY:ConstructionofaCopperConcentrationPlant. . . . . . . 98
7.5.1 BackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.5.2 InvestmentDuringConstruction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.5.3 TaxesDuringtheConstructionPeriod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.5.4 Financing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.5.5 GeneralSpecifications.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 100
7.5.6 OperatingCosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.5.7 WorkingCapital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.5.8 StatementofProjectAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.5.9 SensitivityFinancialAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.5.10 FinalRemarksonThisExample. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.6 BreakevenPointDiagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.7 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
8 ProjectSelectionandDecision-Making. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
8.1 WhatIstheDecision-MakingActivityinProjectManagement?. . . . . . . 105
8.2 TheDecision-MakingProcessinProjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
8.2.1 RioColoradoBasinStudy,Argentina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.2.2 SchedulingBridgeRepairs,Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.2.3 SelectionofaManageableSetofUrbanorRegionalIndicators
toMeasuretheStateoftheEnvironment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
x Contents
8.3 DifferentMethods. .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . ..110
8.4 TheSimusMethodforDecision-Making. . . 110
8.5 CASESTUDY:ConstructionofaGasPipeline 111
8.5.1 BackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
8.5.2 EstablishingtheMathematicalModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
8.5.3 SensitivityAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8.5.4 ProjectswithSeveralObjectives. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 115
8.6 VendorSelection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
8.7 ConclusionofThisChapter. . . . . . . . . . . . 116
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
9 ProjectPlanningandScheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
9.1 PlanningtheWorkRelatedwithaProject. . 119
9.1.1 RequestingInformationAboutTasksandActivities. . . . . . . . . 119
9.1.2 PlanningforManufacturingProjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
9.1.3 CASESTUDY:TheCriticalPathMethod(CPM)–Planning
aWaterSupplySystemtoCreateaWaterPark. . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
9.2 SchedulingtheJob. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9.2.1 ConstructingtheS-curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9.2.2 WorkinginParallel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
9.2.3 ShorteningtheDurationofaProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9.3 TheMasterSchedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9.3.1 MergingNetworks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
9.3.2 PreparingtheMasterSchedulewithAllSubprojectsMerged. . . 126
9.4 CASESTUDY:DevelopingtheBasic
EngineeringforanAutomobilePlant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.4.1 ProjectBackgroundInformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.4.2 BiddingforConsultancyServicestoDeveloptheMechanical
BasicEngineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.4.3 TeamicOrganizationforThisProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.4.4 DeterminingScopeofWork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.4.5 EstablishingtheWorkBreakdownStructure(WBS). . . . . . . . . 131
9.4.6 EstablishingConsultants’Responsibilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
9.4.7 IntegrationandLinkagesBetweenInterveningProject
Consultants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.4.8 RelationshipandCommunicationwithOwner. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.4.9 AcquiringProjectTeam–DeterminingTypeandQualification
ofStaffNeeded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.4.10 TeamResponsibilityMatrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.4.11 PreparingScheduleofMeetingsfortheProjectTeam
andSuppliers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.4.12 PlanningandSchedulingTEAMIC’sOwnWork. . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.4.13 PreparingtheMasterScheduleIncludingMergingPrograms
fromDifferentContractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
9.4.14 TheS-curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.4.15 BudgetPreparationandScheduleofFundsNeeded. . . . . . . . . . 140
9.5 DataNeededWhenUsingDedicatedComputer
SoftwareforPlanning,SchedulingandBudgeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
9.6 ShorteningtheDurationofaProject. . . . . . 141
9.7 UpdatingtheProgressofWork. . . . . . . . . . 141
9.8 FinishingtheProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.9 ClosingThisProject. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.10 ManagingUncertainty–ThePERTApproach 144
9.10.1 TheWorkingsofthePertMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144