Progressive care nursing certification : preparation, review, and practice exams PDF
Preview Progressive care nursing certification : preparation, review, and practice exams
P ROGRESSIVE C N ARE URSING C ERTIFICATION Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 1 16/02/18 5:52 PM Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowl- edge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 2 16/02/18 5:52 PM P ROGRESSIVE C N ARE URSING C ERTIFICATION Preparation, Review, and Practice Exams Second Edition Alexander P. Johnson, MSN, RN, ACNP-BC, CCNS, CCRN Clinical Nurse Specialist of Critical Care Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital Winfield, Illinois Hillary S. Crumlett, BSN, MS, RN, ANL Director of Critical Care Services Northwestern Medicine Central DuPage Hospital Winfield, Illinois New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 3 16/02/18 5:52 PM Copyright © 2018 by McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval sys- tem, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-182677-8 MHID: 0-07-182677-7 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-182684-6, MHID: 0-07-182684-X. eBook conversion by codeMantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/ or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. Dedication To my colleagues over the years, friends, and family (especially Angie and my M&M boys): You have given me more than I have ever deserved. Also, to my mentors, such as Tom Ahrens, whose guidance has helped make opportunities such as this possible. Alexander P. Johnson, MSN, RN, ACNP-BC, CCNS, CCRN To Chuck, William, Henry, and Lily You showed me an inspired world that has taught me that dreams can become reality. To my parents, Maureen and Roger For always believing in me more than I ever believed in myself, it has meant everything. Hillary S. Crumlett, BSN, MS, RN, ANL v Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 5 16/02/18 5:52 PM This page intentionally left blank Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 6 16/02/18 5:52 PM Contents Reviewers ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................xi Contributors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................xiii Preface .................................................................................................................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgments ..............................................................................................................................................................................................xvii Test-Taking Tips .................................................................................................................................................................................................xix Part I. CARDIOVASCULAR .................................................................................................................................1 1. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology ......................................................................................................................3 2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders .............................................................................................15 3. The Normal ECG .............................................................................................................................................................25 4. The 12-Lead ECG ............................................................................................................................................................31 5. Hemodynamic Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................43 6. Acute Coronary Syndrome (Angina Pectoris and Myocardial Infarction) .............................................................53 7. Conduction Blocks .........................................................................................................................................................65 8. Heart Failure: Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Edema, and Hypertensive Crisis .......................................75 9. Cardiogenic Shock .........................................................................................................................................................85 10. Hemorrhagic (Hypovolemic) Shock ............................................................................................................................89 11. Interpreting Dysrhythmias .............................................................................................................................................95 12. Cardiomyopathies and Pericarditis ..............................................................................................................................111 13. Treatment of Cardiac, Valvular, and Vascular Insufficiency and Trauma ..............................................................115 Cardiovascular Practice Exam ....................................................................................................................................................127 Part II. PULMONARY ................................................................................165 14. Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology .........................................................................................................................167 15. Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Disorders ..................................................................................................185 16. Alternative Methods of Ventilatory Support ..............................................................................................................195 17. Acute Respiratory Dysfunction ...................................................................................................................................205 vii Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 7 16/02/18 5:52 PM viii CONTENTS 18. Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Aspiration ..............................................................................................................215 19. Thoracic Trauma and Air-Leak Syndromes ...............................................................................................................221 Pulmonary Practice Exam ..........................................................................................................................................................231 Part III. ENDOCRINE ................................................................................247 20. Introduction to the Endocrine System ......................................................................................................................249 21. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pituitary Gland ...............................................................................253 22. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands ................................................259 23. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Pancreas .......................................................................................269 24. Anatomy, Physiology, and Dysfunction of the Adrenal Glands .............................................................................277 Endocrine Practice Exam ............................................................................................................................................................285 Part IV. IMMUNOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY ............................................291 25. Physiology of the Immunologic and Hematologic Systems ..................................................................................293 26. Diagnosis and Treatment of Immunologic and Hematologic Problems .............................................................309 27. Hematologic and Immunologic Failure and Its Effects on Other Organ Systems ..............................................317 28. Organ Transplantation..................................................................................................................................................333 29. Life-Threatening Coagulopathies ..............................................................................................................................337 Immunology and Hematology Practice Exam .............................................................................................................................345 Part V. NEUROLOGY ................................................................................351 30. Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System ..................................................................................................353 31. Intracranial Pressure .....................................................................................................................................................373 32. Acute Head Injuries and Craniotomies .....................................................................................................................377 33. Stroke and Intracranial Aneurysms ............................................................................................................................385 34. The Vertebrae and Spinal Cord ...................................................................................................................................391 35. Encephalopathies and Coma ......................................................................................................................................401 36. Meningitis, Muscular Dystrophy, and Myasthenia Gravis .......................................................................................405 37. Seizures and Status Epilepticus .................................................................................................................................409 Neurology Practice Exam ............................................................................................................................................................417 Part VI. GASTROENTEROLOGY ...............................................................431 38. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System ......................................................................................433 39. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Esophageal Varices .........................................................................................453 40. Acute and Chronic Hepatic Failure, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis, and Acute Pancreatitis ..............................................463 Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 8 16/02/18 5:52 PM CONTENTS ix 41. Intestinal Infarction, Obstruction, Perforation, and Trauma ...................................................................................479 42. Management of the Patient with a Gastrointestinal Disturbance .........................................................................489 Gastroenterology Practice Exam ..................................................................................................................................................493 Part VII. RENAL ........................................................................................503 43. Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System........................................................................................................505 44. Renal Regulation of Electrolytes .................................................................................................................................517 45. Diagnosis and Treatment of Kidney Injury ................................................................................................................527 Renal Practice Exam ...................................................................................................................................................................541 Part VIII. MULTIORGAN PROBLEMS ........................................................551 46. Sepsis and Multiorgan Syndrome ..............................................................................................................................553 47. Toxic Emergencies .......................................................................................................................................................559 48. Airway Obstruction .......................................................................................................................................................565 49. Burns ...............................................................................................................................................................................567 Multisystem Organ Dysfunction Practice Exam ..........................................................................................................................575 Part IX. PROFESSIONALISM, ETHICS, AND SYNERGY ............................581 50. Professional Caring and Ethical Practice ..................................................................................................................583 Synergy Practice Exam ................................................................................................................................................................587 Part X. BEHAVIOR ....................................................................................597 51. Behavioral and Psychologic Factors in Progressive Care .....................................................................................599 Behavior Practice Exam ..............................................................................................................................................................611 Index .................................................................................................................................................................................617 Johnson PCN_FM_p00i-xx.indd 9 16/02/18 5:52 PM
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