Progress report on the Federal building and fire safety investigation of the World Trade Center disaster

2004·8.5 MB·English

PUBLICATIONS
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NIST Special Publication 1000-5
June 2004
Progress Report on the
Federal Building and Fire Safety
Investigation of the
World Trade Center Disaster
Volume 6
Contains Appendices N, O, P, and Q
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National Institute ofStandards and Technology • TechnologyAdministration • U.S. DepartmentofCon
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NIST Special Publication 1000-5
June 2004
Progress Report on the
Federal Building and Fire Safety
Investigation of the
World Trade Center Disaster
Volume 6
Contains Appendices N, O, P, and Q
June 2004
U.S. DepartmentofCommerce
DonaldL. Evans, Secretary
TechnologyAdministration
PhillipJ. Bond, UnderSecretaryforTechnology
National Institute ofStandards and Technology
Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director
Disclaimer
Certain commercial entities, equipment, products, ormaterials are identified in this document in orderto describe a
procedure orconcept adequately orto trace the history ofthe procedures and practices used. Such identification is
not intended to imply recommendation, endorsement, or implication thatthe entities, products, materials, or
equipment are necessarilythe best available forthe purpose. Nordoes such identification imply a finding offault or
negligence bythe National Institute ofStandards and Technology.
Disclaimer
The policy ofNIST is to usethe International System ofUnits (metric units) in all publications. In this document,
however, units are presented in metric units orthe inch-pound system, whichever is prevalent in the discipline.
Use in Legal Proceedings
No part ofany report resulting from a NIST investigation into a structural failure orfrom an investigation underthe
National Construction Safety Team Act may be used in any suit oraction fordamages arising outofany matter
mentioned in such report (15 USC 281a; as amended by P.L. 107-231).
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1000-5
Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1000-5, 1,054 pages (June 2004)
CODEN: NSPUE2
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 2004
Forsale bythe Superintende—ntofDocuments, U.S. Gov—ernment Printing Office
Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: [phone] Fax: [phone]
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Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
Master Table of Contents
Volume
1
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
Metric Conversion Table
Preface
Executive Summary
Chapter
1
Interim Findings and Accomplishments
Chapter 2
Progress on the World Trade Center Investigation
Chapter 3
Update on Safety of Threatened Buildings (WTC R&D) Program
Chapter 4
Update on WTC Dissemination and Technical Assistance Program
Volume 2
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
Metric Conversion Table
Appendix A
Interim Report on the Analysis of Building and Fire Codes and Practices
Appendix B
Interim Report on Development of Structural Databases and Reference Models
for the WTC Towers
iii
Table ofContents
Appendix C
Interim Report on Analysis ofAircraft Impact into the WTC Towers
Voiume 3
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
Metric Conversion Table
Appendix D
Interim Report on Preliminary Stability Analysis ofthe WTC Towers
Appendix E
Interim Report on Contemporaneous Structural Steel Specifications
Appendix F
Interim Report on Inventory and Identification of Steels Recovered from the
WTC
Buildings
Volume 4
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
Metric Conversion Table
Appendix G
Interim Report on Significant Fires in WTC 1, 2, and 7 Prior to September 11, 2001
Appendix H
Interim Report on Evolution ofWTC Fires, Smoke, and Damage based on Image Analysis
Appendix
I
Interim Report on Assessment of Sprayed Fireproofing in the WTC
—
Towers Methodology
June 2004 Progress Report
Volume 5
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
r
Metric Conversion Table
Appendix J
Interim Report on Experiments to Support Fire Dynamics and Thermal
Response Modeling
Appendix K
Interim Report on Subsystem Structural Analysis ofthe WTC Towers
Appendix L
Interim Report on WTC 7
Appendix M
Interim Report on 2-D Analysis ofthe WTC Towers Under Gravity Load and Fire
Volume 6
Table of Contents
List ofAcronyms and Abbreviations
Metric Conversion Table
Appendix N
Interim Report on Analysis of First-Person Accounts from Survivors ofthe WTC
Evacuation on September 11, 2001
Appendix O
Interim Report on Telephone Interviews
Appendix P
Interim Report on Emergency Communications
Appendix Q
NIST's Working Hypothesis for Collapse ofthe WTC Towers
Table ofContents
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vi
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAPOR American Association ofPublic Opinion Research
ABC American Broadcasting Company
ACI American Concrete Institute
AISC American Institute ofSteel Construction
AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
ALE Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Evlerian
AMCBO Association ofMajor City/County Building Officials
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ANSYS finite element model
ARA
Applied Research Associates, Inc.
ASCE American Society' ofCivil Engineers
ASHRAE American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASME American Society ofMechanical Engineers
ASTM ASTM
International
AWS
American Welding Society
BOCA Building Officials and Code Administrators
BOCA/BBC BOCA Basic Building Code
BPAT Building Performance Assessment Team
BPS ' Building Performance Study
BSI British Standards Institution
C/F cancer free
CATI computer-assisted telephone interviews
CBR chemical, biological, and radiological
CBS Columbia Broadcasting System
CERF Civil Engineering Research Foundation
CFD computational fluid dynamics
CIB International Council for Research andIrmovation in Building and Construction
CII Construction Industry Institute
CNN Cable News Network
vii
1
ListofAcronyms andAbbreviations
CPP Cpimak Pptprk?i Pptpr^oti Inr
CPU central processing unit
CRT cathode-rav tube
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CTE cV'oWeV/ff11i1cVi'el^nXtl'Lls3 o\Jf1 tl.hllev/rlmJljliiC4l1 exnL/nCnllsliOloWlnl
DC/F RlazeShield OC/F fire nrotecfive in*\iilation
DL Hpad load
DTAP dVAillsJOsVe^XmI-iXXnIAaUt1.i1.Wolnl aUlnlVdt t1Ve/wcJh.InX1iXcV-aUll aUOsslJiXOs1t-vat.XnXce nLrrXVo/Cp_,XrUaXXm
FMS jF_'miipivr'ic^Tvpinicvvy iIvVil^pvd^iivc^nuli StoIv-pitVviivp^p^ '
EMT jF_^mi1p1^r1pc^p^ni1c^vy iMvpi^dviiirv^acili T1p^pciiiimi
ER&S Emory Roth & Sons
FBI F1p^Ud.Vp.r'laC4l.1 LRJiLilrlp^aCliiLI o\Jf1 lIlnlvVp^^Otlil(C^nCtaltliV/o1n1
FCA F1l1iLiiAY pV^oWirV^pVJd. fClilrp
FDNY IiSiVI/pWw YIoWlrIVv rV^^litIvy 1Fi1r1p JO_-/pnLa/C*ritllmlpl^nlltL
1FIDVSO F1i1r1pw iO^vynificiimiiiipi*^so Soiliiimiciiiilciattin^ir
FE finite clement
FEA fXXilnliXtLew e^Xl^XeXmXVe/nXXtL JUXiXnUj.iXlvy't^jLiisJ
FEM fimtp plpmpnt modpl
lllllLv.' Vp/l^lliL/lll ilHJU.Sh/1 '
FFMA XFpvd/Upvr/^iciili iF_-m*ipiir^ioKjp^iniVc'vy iivVicTiaiincaic^wripiHmip^initi iAi.c^vj,p^inipvvy
FMRC Faptorv \/liitiiJil RpQp^ircVi C^nirn
FST Firp-^tnipfiirp Intprfi^r*p
FVM 1Fillmltllp^ \V/Vo'llLillilmIvp^ IIVVHItpa-tlllilvo^dU
GFI CV1iv/oVv^lplImlmllpV/nlltl 1FnLm^lil'llsOlli1pVdi 1I1n1f1Vo/n1n11pICilt1i1vo/1n1
GG ^circliaoQoQ owvVpv-ri ^crlla?ijQjc
GHz
^IgClllV.'liZj
GMS LLP rVJilillO^dlalnZyj iIVVllLnllrlrCnivy ^kJtLVp^fIIiV^p^-p'IVV^ TJ—.Ii-'Pl
HAZ Vipfit fiffpptpd 7onp
HNSE Hugo Nue Schnutzer East
rITloROR heatrelease rate
HVAC
heating, ventilating, and air conditioning
lAQ indoor air quality
IBC International Building Code