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141 Advances in Polymer Science Editorial Board: A. Abe. A.-C. Albertsson • H.-J. Cantow • K. Dugek S. Edwards. H. H6cker • ]. E ]oanny • H.-H. Kausch T. Kobayashi. K.-S. Lee. ]. E. McGrath L. Monnerie • S. I. Stupp • U. W. Suter E. L. Thomas. G. Wegner. R. ]. Young Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo Progress in Polyimide Chemistry II Volume Editor: H. R. Kricheldorf With contributions by K. R. Carter, J. G. Dolden, C. J. Hawker, J. L. Hedrick, H. R. Kricheldorf, J. W. Labadie, K.-W. Lienert, R. D. Miller, T. P. Russell, W. Volksen, D. Y. Yoon ~ Springer This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered. As a rule, contributions are specially commissioned. The editors and publish- ers will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Papers are accepted for ,Advances in Polymer Science" in English. In references Advances in Polymer Science is abbreviated Adv. Polym. Sci. and is cited as a journal. Springer WWW home page: http://w-ww.springer.de ISSN OO65-3195 ISBN 3-540-64963-8 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 6a642 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprint- ing, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro- films or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg I999 Printed in Germany The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data conversion by MEDIO, Berlin Cover: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg SPIN: 10648282 O2/3020 - 5 4 3 2 10 - Printed on acid-free paper Volume Editor Professor Dr. H. R. Kricheldorf Inst. ffir Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Universit~it Hamburg Bundesstrafle 45 D-20146 Hamburg E-maih [email protected] Editorial Board Prof. Akihiro Abe Prof. Hartwig H6cker Department of Industrial Chemistry Lehrstuhl fiir Textilchemie Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics und Makromolekulare Chemie 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi-shi 243-02, Japan RWTH Aachen E-maih aabe@chem, t-kougei.ac.jp Veltmanplatz 8 D-52062 Aachen, FRG Prof. Ann-Christine Albertsson E-maih [email protected] Department of Polymer Technology The Royal Institute of Technolgy Prof. Jean-Franqois Joanny S- 10044 Stockholm, Sweden Institute Charles Sadron E-maih [email protected] 6, rue Boussingault F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France Prof. Hans-Joachim Cantow E- maih joanny@europe, u-strasbg.fr Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum Stefan Meier-Str. 21 Prof. Hans-Henning Kausch D-79104 Freiburg L Br., FRG Laboratoire de Polymt~res E-maih cantow@fmfuni-J?eiburg.de t~cole Polytechnique F4d4rale de Lausanne, MX-D Ecublens Prof. Karel Du~ek CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland E-maih [email protected] Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovsk~r Sq. 2 Prof. Takashi Kobayashi 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic Institute for Chemical Research E-maih [email protected] Kyoto University Uji, Kyoto 611, Japan Prof. Sam Edwards E-maih [email protected] Department of Physics Cavendish Laboratory Prof. Kwang-Sup Lee University of Cambridge Department of Macromolecular Science Madingley Road Hannam University Cambridge CB30HE, UK Teaj on 300- 791, Korea E-maih sfe l l @phy.cam.ac.uk E-maih [email protected] VI Editorial Board Prof. James E. McGrath Prof. Edwin L. Thomas Polymer Materials and Interfaces Laboratories Room 13-5094 Virginia Polytechnic and State University Materials Science and Engineering 2111 Hahn Hall Massachusetts Institute of Technology Blacksbourg Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Virginia 24061-0344, USA E-mail. [email protected] E-maih [email protected] Prof. Gerhard Wegner Prof. Lucien Monnerie Max-Planck-Institut fiir Polymerforschung l~cole Sup4rieure de Physique et de Chimie Ackermannweg 10 Industrielles Postfach 3148 Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie D 55128 Mainz, FRG Structurale et Macromol~culaire E-math [email protected] 10, rue Vauquelin 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Prof. Robert J. Young E-maih [email protected] Manchester Materials Science Centre University of Manchester and UMIST Prof. Samuel I. Stupp Grosvenor Street Department of Materials Science Manchester M1 7HS, UK and Engineering E-math [email protected] University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1304 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801, USA E-maih [email protected] Prof. Ulrich W. Suter Department of Materials Institute of Polymers ETZ,CNB E92 CH-8092 Ziirich, Switzerland E-maih [email protected] Preface Over the past four decades polymers containing imide groups (usually as build- ing blocks of the polymer backbone) have attracted increasing interest of scientists engaged in fundamental research as well as that of companies looking into their application and commercialization. This situation will apparently continue in the future and justifies that from time to time reviews be published which sum up the current state of knowledge in this field. Imide groups may impart a variety of useful properties to pol~'mers, e. g., thermal stability chain stiffness, crystallinity, mesogenic properties, photoreactivity etc. These lead to a broad variety of potential applications. This broad and somewhat heteroge- neous field is difficult to cover in one single review or monograph.A rather com- prehensive monograph was edited four years ago by K. Mittal, mainly concen- trating on procedures and properties of technical interest. Most reviews presented in this volume of Advances in Polymer Science focus on fundamental research and touch topics not intensively discussed in the monograph by K. Mittal. Therefore, the editor of this work hopes that the reader will appreci- ate finding complementary information. Finally I wish to thank all the contributors who made this work possible and I would like to thank Dr. Gert Schwarz for the revision of the manuscripts of the contributions 3 and 4. Hamburg, September 1998 Hans R. Kricheldorf Contents Nanoporous Polyimides J.L. Hedrick, K.R. Carter, l.W. Labadie, R.D. Miller, W. Volksen, C.J. Hawker, D.Y. Yoon, T.P. Russell, J.E. McGrath, R.M. Briber ............ Poly(ester-imide)s for Industrial Use K.-W. Lienert ..................................................... 45 Liquid-Crystalline Polyimides H.R. Kricheldorf 83 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calculation of a Mesogenic Index with Emphasis Upon LC-Polyimides J.G. Dolden ....................................................... 189 Author Index Volumes 101-141 ..................................... 245 Subject Index ..................................................... 255 Contents of Volume 140 Progress in Polyimide Chemistry I Volume Editor: H. R. Kricheldorf Rapid Synthesis of Polyimides from Nylon-Salt-Type Monomers Y. Imai Processable Aromatic Polyimides J. de Abajo, 1. G. de la Campa Synthesis and Characterization of Segmented Polyimide-Polyorganosiloxane Copolymers J. E. McGrath, D. L. Dunson, S. J. Mecham, J. L. Hedrick Polyimide-Epoxy Composites K. O. Gaw, M. Kakimoto Thermosetting Oligomers ContainingM aleimides and Nadimides End-Groups P. Mison, B. Sillion