Table Of Content

SUBJECT INDEX Advection 80 modelling of behaviour African coast (SW) see Benguela upwelling system data collection 123-4 Aghulas Current 306-7, 313, 315, 323-4 model calibration 135-6 Algal blooms 83-4 model parameters 127-9 Altimetry 328-35, 341-2 model structure 124-5 Ammonia profiles, Benguela upwelling processes system 24, 27-9, 69, 158, 160 carbon-based 131 Amphidinium 45 fish feeding 135 Anchovy 67 heterotroph-based 133-4 Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) 320-1 nitrogen-based 130-1 Asterionella glacialis 43, 50 phytoplankton-based 131-3 Atlantic Ocean (NW) circulation study upwelling 125-6 data analysis 262-3 results data collection 259-62 biomass results bacteria 144 horizontal patterns chlorophyll 142 700m circulation 263-71 ciliates 142-4 1500m circulation 271-81 diatoms 140, 141 2000m circulation 201-5 dinoflagellates 140, 142 vertical patterns 286-90 flagellates 144 Atlantic Ocean (SW) see Benguela upwelling macrozooplankton 145 system mesozooplankton 144 Autocorrelation functions 192-3, 194-6 microflagellates 143 sensitivity analysis 137-9 Bacteria results discussed 149-50 Benguela upwelling system 144 fish 148 light scattering properties 363-4, 373, 375 microheterotrophs 147 Bacteriastrum delicatulum 43, 50-3, 57 phytoplankton 146-7 Benguela upwelling system zooplankton 147-8 copepod study 168 nitrogen cycling 154 methods methods of study field 169-70 analysis 155 laboratory 170-1 flux experiment 155-6 statistical analysis 171 sampling 154 results results field 171-6 ammonia profiles 158, 160 laboratory 177-80 chlorophyll profile 162 results discussed 181-5 nitrate profiles 157, 158, 160, 161 mesozooplankton study oxygen factors 157 methods salinity factors 157 analysis 95 temperature factors 157 sampling 93-5 urea profiles 158 statistical analysis 96-7 results discussed 163-4 results physicochemical study biomass 97-8 chemical characteristics C. carinatus study ammonia 24, 27-9 biomass 103-4 carbon flux 28-9 population age distribution 102-3 chlorophyil 18, 19, 44 vertical distribution 100-2 nitrate 18, 19, 24, 27, 33, 44 taxonomy 99-100 nitrite 27-9, 31 results discussed oxygen 18, 19, 22-5, 33 biomass 107 phosphate 24, 27-9, 31, 33 C. carinatus study silicate 24, 26-31, 33 biomass 112-14 methods 10-11 population age structure 107-10 physical characteristics vertical distribution 110-12 currents 17-21 hydrography 107 fog 16 Subject Index sedimentation rate 22-3 Cerataulina bergonii 43, 50 temperature 15, 18, 19, 33, 44 Ceratium spp. 45 water column 16-17 C. furca 51, 52, 57 wind patterns 12-16 C. fusus 51 phytoplankton dynamics Chaetoceros spp. 43, 50, 53, 57, 60, 61 methods . compressum 50, 54 biological 42 C. constrictum 51, 54 physical 41 C. convolutum 51 results C. curvisetum 54 biomass 45-7 C. debilis 54 cell concentrations 45 C. decipiens 51 Chaetoceros flux 53 C. diadema 50, 54 classification analysis 47-53 C. didymum 50-2, 54 Coscinodiscus bloom 53-5 C. lorenzianum 54 physical environment characters 43 C. radicans 51, 54 species assemblage 43-5 C. sociale 50-2, 54 total flux 55-6 C. teres 54 results discussed Chlorophyll profiles, Benguela upwelling assemblage analysis 57-8 system 18, 19, 44, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, assemblage changes 58-9 84-5, 142, 162 sedimentation 60-1 Chrysochromulina 45, 53 seeding 59-60 Ciliates, Benguela upwelling system 142-4 phytoplankton ecology Circulation studies see Atlantic Ocean (NW) also methods Indian Ocean biological 68 Columbine, Cape 10, 11 physiocochemical 67--8 Copepod study see Calanoides carinatus results Coscinodiscus spp. 43, 51, 57, 78, 83-4 ammonia 69 C. gigas 50, 52-5 biomass 70-3 Currents chlorophyll levels 71, 73, 74, 76, 77 African coast (SW) 17-21 floral groups 70, 71 see also Pacific Equatorial Current System nitrates 69, 73 Cyanobacteria and light scattering 375 primary production 73-5 productivity indices 76 silicates 69, 73 Diatoms, Benguela upwelling system 42, 78, 140, temperature 69 141 results discussed 79-80 Dinoflagellates, Benguela upwelling system 45, Coscinodiscus bloom 83-4 140, 142 cyclicity 80-1 Dinophysis acuminata 45, 51, 52, 57 productivity indices 82-3 Ditylum brightwelii 43 total chlorophyll 84-5 Biddulphia mobiliensis 43 East Madagascar Current (EMC) 306, 315 Biomass studies, Benguela Current system 45-7, Ebria 51 103-5, 112-14, 140-5 Eddies 311, 330-1 Egg ratio method 168 Calanoides carinatus El Nifo/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 200-1 biomass 103-5, 112-14 Emiliania huxleyi 45 fecundity study 168 Engraulis capensis 67 methods Eutreptiella 58 field 169-70 Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) 190 laboratory 170-1 statistical analysis 171 results Fecundity studies see Calanoides carinatus field 171-6 Fish laboratory 177-80 feeding 135, 148 results discussed 181-5 landings 1,5 population age structure 102-3, 107-10 Flagellates 144 vertical distribution 100-2, 110-12 Frio, Cape 2 Cape anchovy 67 Cape hake 24 Guinardia flaccida 43 Cape Point 2 Gyrodinium 45, 51 Carbon flux Benguela upwelling system 28-9, 55-6 modelling 131 Hondeklip Bay 2 Subject Index Imantonia rotunda 45 Mie scattering theory 350-8 Indian Ocean circulation experiment Minidiscus trioculatus 43, 50 aims 306-8 Modelling methods 309-11 Benguela upwelling system results data collection 123-4 altimetry 328-35, 341-2 model calibration 135-6 Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) 320-1 model paremeters 127-9 deep water 321-2 model structure 124-5 eddies 311, 330-1 processes geostrophic speed 323-4 carbon-based 131 intermediate water fish feeding 135 eddies 319 heterotroph-based 133-4 oxygen 317-19 nitrogen-based 130-1 IR imagery 325-7 phytoplankton-based 131-3 profiles upwelling 125-6 oxygen 313 results salinity 312 biomass temperature 312 bacteria surface water chlorophyll 142 oxygen 316 ciliates 142-4 salinity 313-15 diatoms 140, 141 silica 317 dinoflagellates 140, 142 Infra red (IR) imagery 325-7 flagellates 144 International Indian Ocean Expedition macrozooplankton 145 (IIOE) 306 mesozooplankton 144 Isotherm depth (20°C) 194-6, 212, 216 microflagellates 143 sensitivity analysis 137-9 Jasus Lalandi 1 results discussed 149-50 Joint Environmental Data Analysis (JEDA) 252 fish 148 microheterotrophs 147 Leptocylindrus danicus 43 phytoplankton 146-7 Light scattering and marine microbes zooplankton 147-8 method 347-9 Mozambique Channel 330 Mie scattering theory 350-8 Mozambique Current 306 microbe responses Mozambique Ridge 352 bacteria 363-4 microplankton 370-1 Nanoplankton nanoplankton 368-70 Benguela upwelling system 174 picoplankton 364-8 light scattering properties 368-70, 373, 375 total backscatter 372-7 Navicula 43, 50 viruses 358-60 Nitrates, Benguela Current system 3, 18, 19, 24, Luderitz 2 27, 33, 44, 69, 73, 157, 158, 160, 161 Nitrates, Benguela Current system 27-9, 31 Macrozooplankton 145 Nitrogen cycling Madagascar Ridge 324 Benguela upwelling system 154 Mathematical modelling see modelling methods of study Merluccius capensis 24 analysis 155 Mesodinium rubrum 45, 50-2, 58, 60 flux experiment 155-6 Mesozooplankton 144 sampling 154 Microflagellates, Benguela upwelling system 45, results 52, 78, 141, 143 ammonia profiles 158, 160 Microheterotrophs 147 chlorophyll profile 162 Microorganisms and light scattering nitrate profiles 157, 158, 160, 161 method 347-9 oxygen factors 157 Mie scattering theory 350-8 salinity factors 157 responses temperature factors 157 bacteria 363-4 urea profiles 158 microplankton 370-1 results discussed 163-4 nanoplankton 368-70 Nitzschia spp. 43, 50, 51, 57 picoplankton 364-8 N. closterium 50 total backscatter 372-7 N. delicatissima 50 viruses 358-60 Noctiluca miliaris 45, 57 Microplankton and light scattering 370-1, 373 North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) 322 Mid Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) 257 North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) 201 viii Subject Index Nutrient minerals, Benguela Current Polykrikos 45, 50 system 24-30 Prochlorophytes and light scattering 373 Prorocentrum micans 45, 57 Optimal interpolation Protoceratium reticulatum 45, 57, 60 application to Pacific Ocean 237-46 Protoperidinium 45, 57 data checking 234-7 cotatene 230 +93 Rhizosolenia 43 analysis fields 2 0-1 Sick tabaci first-guess fields 232 tationics als 232- Pi gu a St Helena Bay 2, 11 cross-validation 227-8 anchor station project 5-6 grid point analysis 228-9 anchor station studies see Benguela upwelling redundancies 226-7 system theory 223-5 currents 2-4 real-time system 234 fish landings 1, 5 evaluation 249-52 nitrate profile 3 performance 246-9 oxygen profile 3 Optimal interpolation (OT) 191, 192 temperature profile 3 Oxygen upwelling 1-2 Benguela Current system 3, 18, 19, 22-5, Salinity profiles 33.157 Benguela upwelling system 157 Indian Ocean 313, 316 Indian Ocean 312-15 Sardinops ocellatus 67 Pacific Equatorial Current System Sea surface temperature (SST) 194, 195, 215 methods of statistical analvsis Sedimentation rate, African coast (SW) 22-3 autocorrelation functions 192-3 Silica, Indian Ocean 317 decorrelation scales 197. 200 Silicates, Benguela Current system 24, 26-31 33, optimal interpolation 192 69, 73 signal : noise ratio 193-8 Skeletonema costatum 43, 50 Geheork design Sound Fixing and Ranging (SOFAR) 257 optimal sampling 207 South Equatorial Current 315 broadcast 207-13 South Indian Equatorial Current 306 trackline 214 Survey of the Tropical Pacific statistics 203-4 (SURTROPAC) 191 results 200-2 isctherm autocorrelation function 194-6 Temperature profiles meridional autocorrelation function 196 Benguela upwelling system 3, 15, 18, 19, 33, sea surface temperature autocorrelation 44, 69, 157 function 194, 195 Indian Ocean 312 Pacific Equatorial Ocean Dynamics Pacific Ocean 194, 195, 215 (PEQUOD) 191 Thalassionema nitzschiodes 43 Pacific Ocean, optimal interpolation Thalassiosira spp. 43, 50-3, 57 analysis 237-46 T. aestivalis 51 Pacific Ocean see Pacific Equatorial Current Thermal structure study see Pacific Equatorial System Current System Particulate organic carbon (POC), Benguela Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) upwelling system 55-6 project 190, 220 Phosphates, Benguela Current system 24, 27-9, D1, 33 Ultrananoplankton and light scattering 373 Phytoplankton Upwelling and Benguela Current 2 abundance and ecology see Benguela upwelling see also Benguela upwelling system system Urea profiles, Benguela upwelling system 158 biomass modelling 146-7 a Viruses and light scattering 358-60, 375 Plankton , ‘ ; light scattering properties Walvis Bay, time series study 30-3 microplankton 370-1, 373 Wind patterns, African coast (SW) 12-16 nanoplankton 368-70, 373, 375 picoplankton 364-8 Zooplankton ultrananoplankton 373 modelling biomass 144, 145, 147-8 modelling biomass 146-8 see also Benguela upwelling system see also Benguela upwelling system Zygabikodinium lenticulatum 45