Table Of Content

SUBJECT INDEX Abdominal ganglia, insect 327 Adenosine acetylcholine 343 activation of A, receptors, origins 182 biogenic amines 347 effect on acetylcholine release 173 dopamine 350, 396 effect on glutamate release 174 histamine 358, 397 neuroprotective effect in ischaemia 155 5-HT 349, 396 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular octopamine 357 control 29 blowflies 396 Adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate cockroach 395 ader.osine induced accumulation in brain 168, 180 Drosophila 396 induced pH changes 91 functions controlled by 330 role in endothelial cells 260 GABA 344 Adenosine A, receptors glutamate 344 adenosine A, receptor interaction 179 locust 392 in nucleus tractus solitarius 29 moth 392 Adenosine A, receptors 168 neuroactive substances 34] adenosine origin 182 neuropeptides 360, 397 desensitization 181 allatostatins 387 distribution in nervous system 169 allatotropins 385 function in nervous system 172 bursicon 388 carotid body chemosensory activity 178 corazonin 387 locomotor activity and behaviour 177 CRF-like diuretic peptides 382 modulation of CNS control of autonomic crustacean cardioactive peptide 368 function 178 FMRFamide-related peptides 363 modulation of neuronal excitability 176 leukokinin-related peptides 379 modulation of neurotransmitter release 172 myomodulin-like peptide 374 modulation of synaptic plasticity 177 pigment-dispersing factors 388 seizures 177 proctolin 369 G-protein coupling 171 pyrokinins, myotropins, PBANs and other interaction with other receptors 178 FXPRLamide-related peptides 373 molecular structure 170 tachykinin-related peptides 385 in nucleus tractus solitarius 29 organisation 330-341 subtypes 169 taurine 347 therapeutic implications 182 Abdominal nerves, insect, peripheral organisation and up-regulation 181 targets 333 H*-Adenosine triphosphatase, glial cells 82 Abdominal neurons, insect, organisation 335 Na*,K*-Adenosine triphosphatase Acetylcholine excitotoxicity 624 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 172, in neocortex, hypoxia induced inhibition 138 180 Adenylate cyclase, in cerebral microvessels 259 induced pH changes in glial cells 85 Adrenaline insect abdominal ganglia 343 evolution 428 interaction with glutamate receptors in in nucleus tractus solitarius 32 thalamus 62 stress, invertebrates 430 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Adrenal medulla control 32 cellular composition 309 Acetylcholinesterase, in brain in Alzheimer’s growth factors 308- 320 disease 24] biological activities 319 ACTH ciliary neurotropic factor 319 evolution 426 fibroblast growth factors 309 stress 423 insulin-like growth factors 319 central adaption syndrome 578, 585, 588, 592, interleukins 317 601 neurotropins 318 fish 430 transforming growth factor-B 310 immune response 435 al-Adrenergic receptors invertebrates 430 brain microvessels 259, 260 Adaption, stress 425, 570 central stress response 585 behaviour 570 nucleus tractus solitarius 31 central adaption syndrome 593-598 al-Adrenergic receptors cortical and limbic systems 589 nucleus tractus solitarius 31 developmental modification 600 B-Adrenergic receptors genetics 599 agonist-induced down regulation 561 HPA system 592 brain microvessels 259, 260 monoaminergic systems 590 central stress response 584, 591 psychopathology 598-603 human diseases 564 Viii SUBJECT INDEX nucleus tractus solitarius 32 Angiotensin-converting enzyme, in brain regulation of G-protein-linked receptor microvessels 262 expression 560 Anomalous rectification 523 regulation of G-protein-linked receptor Anoxic depolarisation 137, 154 function 556 Antigens, stress 435 RNA binding proteins 562 Antioxidants, Parkinson’s disease 7, 10 After potentials, neocortical neurons 525 Anxiety Ageing arousal 575, 582 Alzheimer’s disease 242 cannabinoids 298 loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons 6 Apolipoprotein E, Alzhemer’s disease 243 metabolic abnormalities in neurological Arachidonic acid, metabolism in brain and other disease 615 endothelial cells 256 AIDS Arginine, release in thalamus 67 cannabinoids 302 Aspartate cerebral endothelial cells 266 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 174 microglia 452 induced pH changes in glial cells 85 Alcohol, nucleus tractus solitarius and cardiovascular Associative brain, stress response 571, 602 control 41 Astrocytes, effect on cerebral endothelial cells 266 Allatostatins, insect abdominal ganglia 387 Atrial natriuretic peptide Allatotropins, insect abdominal ganglia 385 effect on brain microvessels 261 Alzheimer’s disease in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular adenosine A, receptors 182 control 36 damage to basal forebrain cholinergic Autonomic function, adenosine A, receptors 178 pathways 239 Axonal labyrinths 120 causes 242 Axonal regeneration 221 excitotoxicity 618 Axonal sprouting 221 metabolic abnormalities 615 Axoplasmic transport tracers 107 microglia 453 selegiline 13 Baroreceptor afferent terminals in NTS, AM630 281 neurotransmitters 23-26 Amantadine, Parkinson’s disease 9 Baroreceptor reflex Amines, interaction with glutamate receptors in adenosine A, receptors 178 thalamus 61 neuromodulation 2643 Amino acids, transport by cerebral endothelial neurotransmitters 23 cells 264 Barosensitive neurons 22, 23 Aminoalkylindoles, binding to cannabinoid Basal forebrain cholingergic neurons 220 receptors 279, 280 degeneration and regeneration 229 1S,3R-Aminocyclopentane-|,3-dicarboxylate 58, 62 Alzheimer’s disease 239 responses in nucleus tractus solitarius 24 basalo-cortical pathway 236 2-{(2-Aminoethylamino)carbonylethyl- septo-hippocampal pathway 229 phenylethylamino]-5'-N- Basal ganglia, adenosine A, receptors in 169 ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, binding in Basalo-cortical pathway, degeneration and brain 169 regeneration 236 a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolopropionic BCECF, pH in glial cells 74 acid (AMPA) receptor 57, 616 Behaviour neurodegeneration 623 adenosine A, receptors 177 in thalamus 58, 60, 64 environmental demands and adaptive a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolopropionic modification 570, 595-598 acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, genetic influences 599 neuroprotective effect 154 neonatal enucleation 204 4-Aminopyridine model of epileptiform neuropeptide FF 482 discharge 533 Bicuculline, epileptiform response in human Amoeboid microglia 442, 443 neocortex 531, 539 Amygdala Bioenergetics arousal of fear and anxiety 575-577 excitotoxicity 623-627 stress and noradrenaline release 581 neurological disease 614, 615 Amyloid precursor protein Biogenic amines Alzheimer’s disease 243 evolution 428 in chromaffin cells 321 insect abdominal ganglia 347, 392, 396 Analgesia, neuropeptide FF 464, 481 stress 430, 432, 434, 581-585, 590 Anandamide 276, 277 Black—white discrimination, effect of neonatal in brain 280 enucleation 204 physiological and pharmacological actions 279, Blood-brain barrier 280 endothelial cells 263 Angiotensin II, in nucleus tractus solitarius, astrocyte influences 266 cardiovascular control 36 neuronal influences 267 Angiotensin II receptors, in nucleus tractus microglia 443, 445, 447, 448 solitarius 37 role in immune reactions 266 SUBJECT INDEX Blood pressure, adenosine A, receptors 178 alcohol 41 Blowflies, abdominal ganglia 396 angiotensinI I 40 Bradykinin, in nucleus tractus solitarius, bradykinin 40 cardiovascular control 40 dopamine 30 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor GABA 26 in adrenal medulla 318 glycine 28 effect on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons 226, 5-HT 33 231, 232 natriuretic peptide 35 Parkinson’s disease 10 neuropeptide Y 34 Brain oedema, effect of histamine H, receptor neurotransmitter at baroreceptor afferent terminals blockers 265 in NTS 23 Brain-specific antigens, cerebral endothelial cells 266 nitric oxide 28 Bridge transplants 232 noradrenaline 31 Bursicon, insect abdominal ganglia 388, 394 opioids and related peptides 38 Bursting neurons, neocortex 133, 135, 526, 546 salt 41 substance P and other tachykinins 39 619C89, neuroprotective effect 155 vasopressin 37 Cadherins 227 Carotid body, effect of adenosine A, receptors on Caffeine chemosensory activity 178 interaction with adenosine A, receptors 177, 179, Catecholamines, in nucleus tractus solitarius, 18] cardiovascular control 30 effect on locomotor activity 177 Cell adhesion molecules 227 Calcitonin gene-related peptide Cell death, microglia 443, 454, 456 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Central adaption syndrome, stress 589, 593 control 41 adaptions controlled by controllable sprouting of primary afferent fibres 119 experiences 595 Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, adenosine adaptions triggered by uncontrollable A, receptor interaction 180 experiences 596 Calcium c-fos, effect of ischaemia 143 excitotoxicity 626 CGS 15943, binding in brain 169 in neocortex, effect of hypoxia 138 CGS 21680 relationship with pH in glial cells 88 effect on acetylcholine release 173 Calcium antagonists, neuroprotective effects in binding in brain areas 169 ischaemia 155 effect of guanine nucleotides 171, 172 Calcium channels, pH changes 92 effect on GABA, glutamate and aspartate Calcium currents, neocortical neurons 525 release 174 Callitachykinins 385 effect on locomotor activity 177 Cannabidiol 277 effect on neuronal excitability 176 Cannabinoids 276 effect on noradrenaline release 175 activation of receptors 278 effect on seizures 177 agonists 278 Chemical deafferentation 199, 122 antagonists 280 Chemosensory receptors, carotid body, effect of endogenous ligands 280 adenosine A, receptors 178 medical uses 302 Chloride, in neocortex, effect of hypoxia 138 membrane perturbation theory 278 Chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, glial cells 79 neurobehavioural effects 296 Chloride current, pH changes 92 Cannabinoid receptors 275-305 Cholecystokinin, in nucleus tractus solitarius, activation 278 cardiovascular control 40 endogenous ligands 280 Cholera toxin B subunit, axoplasmic transport 108 molecular biology, cloning 281-286 Choline, transport by cerebral endothelial cells 265 protein structure 283, 285, 292 Cholinergic neurons, basal forebrain 220 tissue specific 282 degeneration and regeneration 229 Cannabinoid receptor genes Alzheimer’s disease 239 cloning 281-286 basalo-cortical pathway 236 molecular and structural characteristics 286-295 septo-hippocampal pathway 229 helix net 292 Cholinergic neurons, insect abdominal ganglia 343 intronless 286 Cholinergic system, effect of adenosine A, protein sequence analysis 292 receptors 172 neurobehavioural specificity 301 8-(3-Chlorostyryl)caffeine(CSC), binding in Cannabinol 277 brain 169 Capsaicin, deafferentation 119, 122 Chromaffin cells Carbon dioxide buffering, glial cells 82 granins and amyloid precursor protein 321 Carbonic anhydrase, H* buffering in glial cells 78, growth factors 90, 94 biological activities 319 Cardiovascular control, neurochemical modulation, ciliary neurotrophic factor 319 nucleus tractus solitarius 21-53 fibroblast growth factors 309 acetylcholine 32 insulin-like growth factor 319 adenosine 29 interleukins 317 adrenaline 32 neurotrophins 318 SUBJECT INDEX transforming growth factor-B 310 proton activated 92 Chromagranin A and B 321 Depolarization-induced alkalization, glial cells 88 Chromstatin 321 Desensitization, agonist-induced in G-protein-linked Ciliary neurotrophic factor, in adrenal medulla 319 receptors 556 Cockroach abdominal ganglia 395 Development acetylcholine 343 cortical function biogenic amines 353 effect of hypoxia 151 motoneurons 337 effect of ischaemia 152 neuropeptides 360-392 effect of lesions 153 Collateral sprouting 223 fibroblast growth factor in adrenal medulla 310 forebrain cholinergic pathway 231 microglia 442, 443, 455 Colliculus superior, changes after neonatal modulation of stress responsiveness 600 enucleation 192, 202 neuronal plasticity induced by Complex I, deficits in Parkinson’s disease 616 enucleation 191-218 Coping strategies, stress 573, 574, 595, 601 neuropeptide FF receptors in brain 478 Corazonin, insect abdominal ganglia 387 plasticity of primary afferent projections to dorsal Cortical command, movement, horn 121 transmission 489-517 Dextromethorphan, neuroprotective action 154 Cortical function Diabetes, nucleus tractus solitarius, neuropeptide calcium antagonists 155 , development 15] 4',5'-Dimethyl-5,6-carboxyfluorescein, pH in glial hypoxia induced alterations 135, 15] cells 74 intrinsic cellular properties 132 3,7-Dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine, binding in ischaemia induced alterations 140, 152 brain 169 lesions 144, 153 | ,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine multiple causes of dysfunction 148 effect on neuronal excitability 176 network properties 143 effect on noradrenaline release 175 neuroprotective effects of glutamate 1,3-Dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine 29 antagonists 154 Disfacilitation, propriospinal premotoneurons 501, neuroprotective effects of neurotransmitters and 503-506, 513 neuromodulators 155 Disinhibition model of epileptiform discharge 531 sodium antagonists 155 Diuretic peptides, insects 382 Corticosteroids, central stress response 586~-589, Dizocilpine, Parkinson’s disease 9 592, 598 L-Dopa, neurotransmitter at baroreceptor afferents in Corticotropin releasing factor-like diuretic peptides, NTS 26 insect abdominal ganglia 382 Dopamine Corticotropin-releasing hormone effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 175 evolution 426 catabolism and generation of hydroxyl radical in Stress 424 Parkinson’s disease 5 central adaption syndrome 575, 577, 579, 583, central stress response 582, 591 585, 586, 588, 592, 601 evolution 428 immune response 434 insect abdominal ganglia 350, 353-357, 392, 396 invertebrates 430 metabolic compensation in Parkinson’s CP 55,940 277, 280, 281 disease 223 CP 66,713, effect on noradrenaline release 175 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Cross-modal effects of neonatal enucleation 205 control 30 Crustacean cardioactive peptide, insect abdominal stress, invertebrates 430 ganglia 368, 392, 395 Dopamine D, receptors, adenosine A, receptor C-type natriuretic peptide 35 interactions 179 Cutaneous inhibition of propriospinal Dopamine D, receptors premotoneurons 508, 513 adenosine A, receptor interactions 178 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione(CNQX) 24, in nucleus tractus solitarius 30 57, 59, 60, 85, 140 Dopamine transporter blockers, Parkinson’s Cytokines disease 9 chromaffin cells 317 Dopaminergic neurons evolution 428 age-dependent loss, Parkinson’s disease 6 HPA axis 424 neuromelanin 8 microglia 454 oxidative stress 3 Stress, invertebrates 432 Dorsal horn 106 laminar and somatotopic organization of DATATOP study 11 neurons 108 Degeneration, forebrain cholinergic pathways 229 primary afferent projections 107 Alzheimer’s disease 239 plasticity, adult 118 basalo-cortical pathway 236 plasticity, neonatal 121 septo-hippocampal pathway 229 somatotopic organization 108 Depolarization Dorsal rhizotomy 118 glialpH 87 Dorsal unpaired median neurons, insect abdominal hypoxia 135 ganglia 339, 403 ischaemia 141 Dronabinol 279 SUBJECT INDEX Drosophila 396 Excitatory amino acid receptors 616 acetylcholine 344 pH changes in glial cells 84, 85 histamine 397 inthalamus 56 monoamines 396 Excitatory postsynaptic potentials, human neocortical neuropeptides 364-392, 396 neurons 528 Dynorphin-related peptides, central stress Excitotoxicity 237,614 response 585 free radicals 626 impaired mitochondrial calcium buffering 626 Eclosion hormone 389 inhibition of Na*,K*-ATPase 624 Eicopentanoic acid, metabolism in cerebral metabolic inhibition 619 endothelial cells 259 neurological disease 618-627 Emotional stress 433, 575, 594 Extracellular space, H” buffering 76 B-Endorphin, central stress response 585 Endothelial cells, brain common features with other organs Facial nerve lesions, microglia 448 arachidonic acid metabolism 256 Fast spiking cells 133 general markers 256 Fatty acids, effect of neonatal enucleation on second messenger systems 259 incorporation 212 synthesis and secretion of substances 261 Fear, arousal 575, 582 unique features Fetal neuron transplants 235, 239 biochemistry 262 Fibroblast growth factors function 262 chromaffin cells 309, 312, 313 induction of blood-brain characteristics 266 Parkinson's disease 10 structure 262 regeneration of CNS neurons 227 Endothelins Fimbria-fornix lesions, degeneration and in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular recovery 230 control 41 Fish, stress response 429, 433 production by cerebral microvessels 262 Flexor carpi radicals H reflex 494-496 Endothelium-derived contracting factor 262 Fluorescent dyes, pH in glial cells 74 Endothelium-derived relaxing factor 261 Fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, sprouting of Endothelium-specific antibodies, cerebral endothelial primary afferent fibres 119, 121 cells 266 FMRF amide-related peptides Enkephalin, central stress response 585 insect abdominal ganglia 363, 393, 395 Enucleation, neonatal 191 neuropeptide FF 474 behavioural studies 204 Focal ischaemia, neocortex 140 biochemical studies 211 Forebrain cholinergic neurons 220 changes in pial angioarchitecture 196 degeneration and regeneration 229 changes in retino-geniculo-cortical pathways 192 Alzheimer’s disease 239 changes in visual callosal connections 195 basalo-cortical pathway 236 cross-modal effects 205 septo-hippocampal pathway 229 mechanisms of plasticity 212 Free radicals physiological changes 202 excitotoxicity 626 Environment generation in tissues 2 adaptive modification of behaviour 570, 601 Parkinson’s disease 3, 4, 7 Alzheimer’s disease 243 FXPRLamide-releated peptides, insect abdominal Epileptic focus 147 ganglia 373 Epileptiform activity, human neocortex in vitro 4-aminopyrine model 533 disinhibition model 531 GABA inhibitory mechanisms 548 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 174 magnesium-free model 535 induced pH changes in glial cells 83 methodology 520 insect abdominal ganglion 344, 346, 392 neuron characteristics 526 nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular stimulus-induced activity 540 control 26, 41 synaptic mechanisms 528 GABA, receptors Ethopropazine, Parkinson’s disease 9 neocortex 135, 529, 539, 548 5'-N-Ethylcarboxamidoadeno(sNiECnAe) 29 effect of hypoxia 140 effect on acetylcholine release 172, 174 nucleus tractus solitarius, baroreceptor reflex 27 binding in brain areas 169 pH changes in glial cells 83 effect on glutamate and aspartate release 174 GABA,, receptors effect on neuronal excitability 176 neocortex 135 effect on noradrenaline release 175 effect of hypoxia 140 Evolution, stress 426, 571 nucleus tractus solitarius 27 Excitatory amino acids GABAergic neurons, thalamus 60, 65 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 174 GABAergic system in neocortex, effects of hypoxia, microglia 454 ischaemia and lesions 149, 156 neurotransmission in baroreceptor terminals in Galanin, in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular NTS 24 control 41] xii SUBJECT INDEX Ganglia, insect abdominal 327 Glucocorticoids acetylcholine 343 central stress response 586-589, 592 biogenic amines 347 evolution 427 dopamine 350, 396 regulation of G-protein-linked receptor histamine 358, 397 expression 560 5-HT 349, 396 Glucose octopamine 357 transport in cerebral endothelial cells 263 blowflies 396 utilization in brain after neonatal enucleation 211 cockroaches 395 Glutamate Drosophila 396 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 174 functions controlled by 330 baroreceptor terminals in nucleus tractus GABA 344 solitarius 23 glutamate 344 adenosine interaction 30 locust 392 ethanol interaction 41 moth 392 excitotoxicity 618 neuroactive substances 341 free radicals 626 neuropeptides 360, 397 impaired mitochondrial calcium buffering 626 allatostatins 387 inhibition of Na*,K*-ATPase 624 allatotropins 385 neurological disease 614, 618, 620-627 bursicon 388 induced pH change in glial cells 84, 86 corazonin 387 insect abdominal ganglia 344, 345, 392 CRF-like diuretic peptides 382 microglia 454 crustacean cardioactive peptide 368 visual system, effect of enucleation 212 FMRF amide-related peptides 363 Glutamate antagonists, neuroprotective effects 154 leukokinin-related peptides 379 Glutamate receptors 616 myomodulin-like peptide 374 adenosine A? receptor interaction 180 pigment-dispersing factors 388 baroreceptor terminals in nucleus tractus proctolin 369 solitarius 24 pyrokinins, myotropins, PBANs and other excitoxicity and neurodegeneration 620 FXPRLamide-related peptides 373 ischaemia and lesion induced neuronal tachykinin-related peptides 385 dysfunction 154 organization 330-341 pH changes in glial cells 84, 86 taurine 347 thalamus 56 Gangliosides, neuronal regeneration 227, 237 glial participation 65 GAP-43, neuronal regeneration 228 function 59, 63 Gap junctional conductance, proton interaction with other transmitters and modulation 95 modulators 61 General adaption syndrome 422, 570 location 58 Genetics, stress responsiveness 599 y-Glutamy] transpeptidase, endothelial cells 256 Geniculo-cortical topography, changes after neonatal Glutathione enucleation 193 interaction with glutamate receptors in Glial cells thalamus 62 effect on cerebral endothelial cells 266 Parkinson’s disease 7 effect of hypoxia-ischaemia 150 Glycine inhibition of axon regeneration 222 interaction with glutamate receptors in pH regulation and proton signalling 74 thalamus 61 activity-induced transients 85 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular carbonic anhydrase 78 control 28 gap junctional conductance 95 Glycogenolysis, glial, effect of pH 96 H* buffering 76 Glycolysis, neuronal energy metabolism 614 H* pumps 82 N-Glycosylation site, cannabinoid receptors 294, hormone and growth factor induced changes 90 300, 301 interrelationship between intracellular Ca** and G-protein 556 pH 88 adenosine A, receptor coupling 171 metabolism 96 G-protein-linked receptors 555 methods of measurement 74 agonist-induced down-regulation 56] model of H* dynamics during neuronal cannabinoid receptors 276, 278, 282 activity 89 human diseases 564 Na*/H* and Cl-/HCOj exchangers 79 regulation of expression 560 Na*-HCO; cotransporter 79 regulation of function 556 neuronal excitability 94 Granins 321 neurotransmitter-induced changes 83 Growth factors Steady-state values 75 in chromaffin cells synaptic transmission 92 biological activities 319 thalamus, glutamate receptors 59, 65 ciliary neurotrophic factor 319 Glial derived neurotrophic factor, chromaffin fibroblast growth factors 309 cells 317 insulin-like growth factor 319 Glial scar 222 interleukins 317 Global ischaemia, neocortex 141, 149 neurotrophins 318 SUBJECT INDEX Xiii transforming growth factor-B 310 intrinsic membrane properties of single cells 137 induced pH changes 90 modifications in network characteristics 138 production by endothelial cells 262 regeneration in CNS neurons 227 I-APE, binding in brain 172 Guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate, role in endothelial I, neocortical neurons 524, 526, 530 cells 260 Immune system Guanylate cyclase, in brain microvessels 260 microglia 446 GYK152466 154 stress 422 antigens 435 H* buffering, glial cells 76 fish 429 H* dynamics during neuronal activity, model 89 human 433 H*/Na* exchanger, glial cells 79 invertebrates 430 H* pumps, glial cells 82 Immunotoxin 192|1gG-saporin 230, 237 H* signalling Inflammation, brain-specific antibodies in cerebral gap junctional conductance 95 endothelial cells 266 membrane conductance 91] Inheritance, stress responsiveness 599 metabolism 96 Inherited degenerations, microglia 446 neuronal excitability 94 Inhibitory amino acids, nucleus tractus solitarius 26 synaptic transmission 92 Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, human neocortical H* sequestering, glial cells 79 neurons 529 Hair follicle afferents 109 Injury, microglia 448 somatotopy of dorsal horn neurons 110 regeneration 455 Heart-rate reflex, neuromodulation 23, 26-43 Insect abdominal ganglion 327 Hemiplegia, propriospinal premotoneurons in residual acetylcholine 343 motricity 513 biogenic amines 347 Hereditary traits of stress responsiveness 599 dopamine 350, 396 Hippocampus histamine 358, 397 adenosine A, receptors 170 5-HT 349, 396 neuropeptide FF 469 octopamine 357 stress-induced changes 590 blowflies 396 Histamine, insect abdominal ganglia 353, 358, 361, cockroaches 395 392, 397 Drosophila 396 Histamine H,-receptors, cerebral endothelial functions controlled by 330 cells 265 GABA 344 HIV, microglia 452 glutamate 344 Horizontal—vertical discrimination, effect of neonatal locust 392 enucleation 205 moth 392 Hormones, induced pH changes 90 neuroactive substances 34] H reflex 493, 495, 505 neuropeptides 360, 397 HU243 277, 280 allatostatins 387 Huntington’s disease allatotropins 385 adenosine A, receptors 182 bursicon 388 excitotoxicity 618, 620 corazonin 387 metabolic abnormalities 616 CRF-like diuretic peptides 382 Hydrogen peroxide, production by microglia 454 crustacean cardioactive peptide 368 6-Hydroxydopamine, mediated parkinsonism 5 FMRF amide-related peptides 363 Hydroxyl radicals, Parkinson’s disease 2, 5, 7 leukokinin-related peptides 379 5-Hydroxytryptamine myomodulin-like peptide 374 central stress response 580, 582, 592 pigment-dispersing factor 388 induced pH changes in glial cells 85 proctolin 369 insect abdominal ganglia 349-351, 353-356, 392, pyrokinins, myotopins, PBANs and other 396, 403 FXPRLamide-related peptides 373 interaction with glutamate receptors in tachykinin-related peptides 385 thalamus 62 organization 330-341 neuroprotective effect in ischaemia 155 taurine 347 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Insulin, G-protein-like receptor regulation 559 control 33 Insulin-like growth factors, adrenal medulla 319 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors Integrins 227 insect 349 Interleukins nucleus tractus solitarius 33 chromaffin cells 317 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists, evolution 428 neuroprotective effects 156 microglia 454 Hypothalamic hypophyseotrophic system, stress neuronal regeneration 227 response 578, 583, 592, 598 pituitary-adrenal activation 423 Hypothalamus, neuropeptide FF 471, 475 stress, invertebrates 432 Hypoxaemia, effect on prostaglandin metabolism in Interneurons brain microvessels 259 depression in corticospinal pathways 505 Hypoxia, effect on cortical function 135 spatial facilitation 492 development 151 Intestine, neuropeptide FF 484 xiv SUBJECT INDEX Intracellular adhesion molecule-1, cerebral endothelial Lymphocytes, neuropeptide FF 483 cells 266 Lymophokines, neuronal regeneration 227 Invertebrates, stress response 430 Inward rectification, neocortical slices 522, 523 Macrophage/microglia inhibitory factor 455 lodopravadoline 28] Macrophages, microglia 442 lon channels, effect of protons 91 Magnesium-free model of epileptiform lonotropic receptors 57, 616 discharge 533 thalamus 58 Malonate, neuropathological damage 619, 620 Iron, free radicals and Parkinson’s disease 7 Marijuana, cannabinoid receptor genes 275-305 Ischaemia Mazindol, Parkinson’s disease 9 cortical function 140 Medulla, neuropeptide FF 474 development 152 Melanocyte stimulating hormone, in nucleus tractus molecularbiological modifications 143 solitarius 39 pharmacological treatments of dysfunction 154 Melatonin, insect nervous system 349 subcortical structures 148 Memantine 155 trigger 142 Membrane conductance, proton-mediated excitotoxicity 618 alteration 91 microglia 45] Membrane potential, excitotoxicity 624 Mental disease, stress 602 Joining peptide, nucleus tractus solitarius, Metabolic compensation, brain damage 223 cardiovascular control 39 Metabolic inhibitors, neuropathological damage 619 Metabotropic glutamate receptors 58, 616, 617 Kainate, induced intraglial acidification 85 adenosine A, receptor interaction 180 Kainate receptors 616 lesion and ischaemia induced neuronal neurodegeneration 623 dysfunction 154 thalamus 57, 58, 60, 64 neurodegeneration 623 K F1 7837, binding in brain 169 nucleus tractus solitarius 25 Kyte-Doolittle hydrophilicity plot, cannabinoid thalamus 59, 61, 64 receptors 293, 296-299 Metallothionein, 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated parkinsonism 5 Laminar organization N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors 57, 616, dorsal horn neurons 108 617 primary afferent projections 107 baroreceptor terminals in nucleus tractus Lamotrigine 620 solitarius 24 Lateral geniculate body dorsal nucleus, neonatal excitotoxicity 618, 624 enucleation 192, 202 neocortex 135, 529, 533 Learned helplessness 590, 596 epilepsy 547 Learning, neuropeptide FF 482 hypoxia 140 Lectins ischaemia 141, 144, 149, 154 axoplasmic transport 107 neurodegeneration 620 cerebral endothelial cells 263 thalamus 59 Leucokinin-related pentides, insect abdominal integrative function 64 ganglia 378-3833,9 9 interaction with other transmitters and Leucomyosuppressin, insects 364 modulators 61 Leucopyrokinin 373 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists Leucosulfakinin 364 neuroprotective effects 154 Levonantradol 277 Parkinson’s disease 9 Limbic system N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor gated ion channel, H* adaptive modification and stress 589 interaction 92 arousal of fear and anxiety 575 a,B-Methylene ADP 182 neuropeptide FF 469 |-Methyl-4-phenyl-1 ,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, noradrenaline release and stress 58] parkinsonism, oxygen free radicals 4 Lipid peroxidation, Parkinson’s disease 8 Microglia Locomotor activity, role of adenosine A, blood-brain barrier 446 receptors 177 cell biology 453 Locus coeruleus, noradrenergic system and experimental models of function 446 stress 577, 58] human diseases 452 Locust abdominal ganglia 392 inherited degeneration 446 motoneurons 337 traumatic lesions 448 neuropeptides 363-392 immune system 446 sensory neurons 336 ontogeny 442 Locust male accessory gland myotropin-1 386 pharmacology 454 Locust myoinhibitory neuropeptide 389 programmed cell death 443 Locust ovary-maturing parsin 390-392 regeneration 455 Locustamyotropin, abdominal ganglia 373, 374, 392, visualization techniques 444 393 Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) 228 Locustatachykinins, abdominal ganglia 385 Mitochondria, calcium buffering and Long-term potentiation, modulation by adenosine A, excitotoxicity 626 receptors 177 Mitogens, proteins from chromaffin cells 320 SUBJECT INDEX MK-801 Nerve growth factor NMDA receptor and neurodegeneration 620, 624 amyloid precursor protein synthesis 243 neuroprotective effect 154 chromaffin cells 318 Mole rat 208 regeneration in CNS neurons 225, 231, 232, 235, Monoamine oxidase B, Parkinson’s disease, 239 selegiline 11, 12 Schwann cells, axon regeneration 222 Monoamines Nerve growth factor receptors 225 central stress response 581-585, 590 Neural plasticity, neonatal enucleation 191-218 insect abdominal ganglia 347, 392, 396 Neurite-promoting factors 227 Monocular enucleation, neonatal Neuroactive substances, insect abdominal behavioural studies 204 ganglia 341, 400 biochemical studies 21] Neurobiotin, neuron tracer 110 changes in pial angioarchitecture 196 Neurohemal organs 334, 400, 405 changes in retino-geniculo-cortical pathways 192 Neurological disease changes in visual callosal connections 195 bioenergetics and glutamate cross-modal effects 205 neurotransmission 613 mechanisms of plasticity 212 excitotoxicity 618-627 physiological changes 202 metabolic abnormalities 615 Morphine, neuropeptide FF interaction 464, 482, metabolic inhibition 619 483 Neuromelanin, oxidative stress and Parkinson’s Moth abdominal ganglia 392 disease 8 acetylcholine 343 Neuronal activity, pH changes 86 motoneurons 337 Neuronal degeneration, microglia 446, 448 neuropeptides 363-392 Neuronal excitability sensory neurons 336 modulation by adenosine A, receptors 176 Mcotoneurons, insect abdominal ganglia 337 effect of pH changes 94 Motor control, propriospinal system 491-517 Neuronal regeneration 220 Motor synergies 513 axonal 221 Movement, propriospinal system 491-517 forebrain cholinergic pathways 229 Multidrug transport protein P170, cerebral Alzheimer’s disease 239 endothelial cells 265 basalo-cortical pathway 236 Multiple sclerosis 266 septo-hippocampal pathway 229 microglia 453 growth factors 227 Muscarinic receptors, nucleus tractus solitarius 32 intracellular markers 228 Muscimol, induced intraglial acidification 83 metabolic compensation 223 Myelin basic protein, cerebral endothelial cells 266 microglia 455 Myoinhibitory peptides, insects 389 neurotrophic factors 225 Myokinins, insect abdominal ganglia 378-383 terminal axonal sprouting 222 Myomodulin-like peptide, insect abdominal Neuron-glial metabolic communication 96 ganglia 374-379 Neurons, insect abdominal ganglia 335-340 Myotropins, insect abdominal ganglia 373 Neuron transplants 235, 239 Neuropeptides central stress response 585 Nabilone 277, 279, 298 insect abdominal ganglia 360, 397 NADPH-diaphorase, nucleus tractus solitarius 28 allatostatins 387 Natriuretic peptides, nucleus tractus solitarius, allatotropins 385 cardiovascular control 35 bursicon 388 Natural killer, immunological effects of stress 433, corazonin 387 434 CRF-like diuretic peptides 382 NBQX, neuroprotective effect 154 crustacean cardioactive peptide 368 Neocortex FMRFamide-related peptides 363 development 15] leukokinin-related peptides 379 hypoxia induced alterations 135, 151 locusts 342 intrinsic cellular properties 132 myomodulin-like peptide 374 ischaemia induced alterations 140, 152 pigment-dispersing factors 388 lesions 144, 153 proctolin 369 multiple causes of dysfunction 148 pyrokinins, myotropins, PBANs and other network properties 134 FXPRLamide-related peptides 373 pharmacological treatment of ischaemia/lesion tachykinin-related peptides 385 induced dysfunction 154 nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Neocortical neurons in vitro 519-554 control 34 choice of tissue 520 Neuropeptide A 464, 483 electrophysiological techniques 521 Neuropeptide FF 461-487 functional properties 539 analogs 478 intrinsic membrane electroresponsiveness 522 functions 481 models of epileptiform discharges 531 hypothalamus and pituitary 471 preparation and maintenance of slices 521 limbic system 469 synaptic mechanisms 528 nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Nerve grafts 232 control 39 XVi SUBJECT INDEX origin 474 salt 4] pons and medulla 474 substance P and other tachykinins 39 receptors 477 vasopressin 37 spinal cord 464 Neuropeptide Y, nucleus tractus solitarius, Octopamine, insect abdominal ganglia 353, 357-359, cardiovascular control 34 392 Neuroprotective therapy Opioids lesion and ischaemia induced cortical analgesia and tolerance, role of neuropeptide dysfunction 154 FF 482 Parkinson’s disease 9, 13 in nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular Neurosecretory cells, insect abdominal ganglia 340, control 38 381, 385, 387, 392, 397, 400 stressors and secretion 585 Neurotoxins, deafferentation 119, 122 Opioid receptors, neuropeptide FF 481 Neurotransmitters Optic nerve lesions, microglia 451 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 172 Oxidative phosphorylation, Parkinson’s disease 3 induced pH changes 83 Oxidative stress 2 insect abdominal ganglion 343 Parkinson’s disease 3 neuroprotective effect in ischaemia 155 antioxidants 7, 10 visual system, effect of enucleation 212 free radicals 7 Neurotrophic factors iron, transferrin receptors 7 Parkinson’s disease 9 neuromelanin 8 regeneration in CNS neurons 225, 231, 232 neuroprotective therapy 9 Neurotrophins 3 and 4/5, chromaffin cells 318 selegiline 10 Nicotinic receptor zinc metallothionein 5 adenosine A, receptor interaction 180 Oxygen free radicals in nucleus tractus solitarius 33 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated parkinsonism 5 pH changes in glial cells 85 MPTP model of parkinsonism 4 Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons age-dependent loss 6 p7S5NGFR 226 neuromelanin 8 Pain, neuropeptide FF 481 oxidative stress 3 Pancreastatin 321 Nitric oxide Paraventricular nucleus, stress response 579, 580, insects 343 585 interaction with glutamate receptors thalamus 62, Parkinson’s disease 1, 2 67 adenosine A, receptors 182 nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular age-dependent loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic control 28 neurons 6 Nodose ganglia 22 defect in mitochondrial oxidative Nomifensine, Parkinson’s disease 9 phosphorylation 3 Noradrenaline excitotoxicity 618 effect of adenosine A, receptors on release 175 free radicals and antioxidants 7 evolution 428 iron, transferrin receptors 7 interaction with glutamate receptors in metabolic abnormalities 616 thalamus 62 metabolic compensation 223 nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular neuromelanin and oxidative stress 8 control 31 neuroprotective therapy 9 stress neurotrophic activity in chromaffin cells 320 central response 577, 581-585, 598 oxidative stress and nigral neuronal death 3 invertebrates 430 oxygen free radicals and MPTP model 4 Nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions 237 seligiline 10 Nucleus tractus solitarius, cardiovascular zinc metallothionein and oxidative reactions 5 control 21-53 Paroxysmal depolarization shift, human acetylcholine 32 neocortex 529, 532, 542, 543 adenosine 29 Peptidergic interneurons, insect abdominal adrenaline 32 ganglion 400, 403 alcohol 41 Peptides, central stress response 585 angiotensin II 36 Pericytes 256 bradykinin 40 Peripheral nerve lesions, effect on dorsal horn 120, dopamine 30 122 GABA 26 Peripheral receptive field 106 glycine 28 Perivascular microglia 446 5-HT 33 Perivisceral organs, insect 334 natriuretic peptides 35 Periviscerokinin 389 neuropeptide Y 34 P-glycoprotein, cerebral endothelial cells 266 neurotransmitters at baroreceptor afferent pH regulation by glial cells 74 terminals 23 activity-induced transients 85 nitric oxide 28 carbonic anhydrase 78 noradrenaline 31 gap junctional conductance 95 opioids and related peptides 38 H* buffering 76