Progress in Drug Research PDF
Preview Progress in Drug Research
Progress in Drug Research VoI. 60 Edited by Ernst Jucker, Basel Board of Advisors Joseph M. Colacino Pushkar N. Kaul Vera M. Kolb J. Mark Treherne Q. MayWang Authors Hao Wu, Eric J. Lien and Linda L. Lien Richard M. Schultz Vishnu Ji Ram Esteban Domingo Paul Spence Satya P. Gupta Suraj P. Bhat Elcira C. Villarreal Springer Basel AG Editor Dr. E. Jucker Steinweg 28 CH-4107 Ettingen Switzerland e-mail: [email protected] Visit our PDR homepage:www.birkhasuer-science.com/books/biosdpdr ISBN 978-3-0348-9402-9 ISBN 978-3-0348-8012-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8012-1 The Publisher and Editor cannot assume any legal responsibility for information on drug dosage and administration contained in this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sourc;es of reference in each individual case. The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use. This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broad casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2003 Springer Basel AG Originally published by Birkhăuser Verlag Sasel, Switzerland in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 Printed on acid-free pa per produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF = Cover design and layout: Groflin Graphic Design, Sasel 987654321 Contents Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium species: a survey ........................................................................ 1 By Hao Wu, Eric J. Lien, and Linda L. Lien Potential of p38MAP kinase inhibitors in the treatment of cancer ..... 59 By Richard M. Schultz Therapeutic role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in obesity, diabetes and inflammation ..................................... 93 By Vishnu Ji Ram Quasispecies and the development of new antiviral strategies ......... 133 By Esteban Domingo Maximizing the value of genomics in the drug discovery and development process ................................................... 159 By Paul Spence Quantitative structure-activity relationships of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 By Satya P. Gupta Crystallins, genes and cataract .............................................. 205 By Suraj P. Bhat Current and potential therapies for the treatment of herpesvirus infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 By Elcira C. Villarreal Index Vol. 60 .................................................................. 309 Index oftitles, Vol. 1-60 ..................................................... 315 Author and paper index, Vol. 1-60 ......................................... 331 Foreword by the Editor In my foreword to the 50th volume of Progress in Drug Research I outlined the motives which led, 45 years ago, to founding this series. I also expressed my gratitude to Nobel Prize winner Prof. Paul Karrer, who supervised my Ph.D. work, and Professor Arthur Stoll, my first boss in the pharmaceutical industry, for their decisive influence on my formation as a scientist and as an individual. Today, five years later, I wish to thank also Birkhauser Pub lishing, and especially its CEO Hans-Peter Thur, who for many years was a close friend and a strong supporter of my work. These feelings of gratitude I now want to supplement with sentimental thoughts, one a happy one, the other rather sad. I am happy to present this 60th volume of PDR to our readers, but sad to advise them of my decision to terminate the rewarding and fascinating work as Editor. Reaching soon the age of 85 and having had the privilege of edi torship for 45 years, I came to the conclusion that the time has come for proper retirement. This decision is helped by the knowledge that the series will go on, and my good wishes accompany my successors. It means also that I will have more time for my hobbies, gardening, photography and working on our collections of Indian folk bronzes and thangkas from Nepal and from Tibet. Volume 60 of PDR contains eight reviews which all highlight latest insights and discoveries in drug research and applications. All of them con tain extensive bibliographies, thus giving the interested reader and the active researcher easy access to the original literature. Once again, this 60th volume helps in dissemination of information on trends and developments, discussion of crucial points and creation of new prospects on future drug design. When looking back at all the years of my editorship, I recall with grati tude the various members of the Birkhauser staff who have always been a great support, and who have provided their knowledge and professional skill. Among them are Dr. Beatrice Menz and Gabriele FertOszbgi from the Bio sciences Editorial Department, Eduard Mazenauer and Gregor Messmer from the production as well as the typesetters, Sylvia and Micha Lotrovsky. Edit ing this series would have been an impossible task without their help, advice and criticism. I would also like to extend my thanks to the members of the Board of Advisors. Over the last years these advisors became personal friends vii and have given me full support for the benefit of the PDR series. Finally, I want to thank our readers who have over all the years welcomed the PDR series, thus giving me the necessary impulse and courage to continue with this work. Basel, May 2003 Dr. E. Jucker viii Ernst Jucker was born in 1918 in Tomsk, Siberia, and came with his parents to Switzerland in 1932. From 1939 until end of 1947 he studied at the University of Zurich, interrupted by military service for about three years. He was appointed as Assistant/Lecturer for MD students in 1944 and obtained his Ph.D. in Natural Sdences in 1945, majoring in organic chem istry, under the supervision of Nobel Prize winner Prof. Paul Karrer. From 1945 to end of 1947 he did a postdoctorate with Paul Karrer. In October 1947 he joined Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Inc. as research chemist and stayed with this company until his retirement in 1983. During his close collaboration with Prof. Karrer, Dr. Jucker carried out extensive research on carotenoids. Besides discovering several new natural carotenoids, his main work was devoted to epoxides of carotenoids and his main achievement was the discovery of the transformation of these epoxides to furanoid oxides, thus eluddating the chemical structure of many natural carotenoids, and achieving the partial synthesis of new polyene dyes. In addi tion, he was extensively engaged in the synthetic approach to Vitamin A and succeeded in synthesizing Vitamin A-carbonic add, a precursor to this vita min. During 1947, his last year with Paul Karrer, Dr. Jucker wrote the mono graph Carotenoids which was published jointly with Karrer by Birkhauser Pub lishing Inc. in 1948. ix With Sandoz Inc., Dr. lucker's career followed various paths simultane ously: first, he worked on partial syntheses of ergotalkaloid analogs, and dis covered a new, surprisingly simple route to synthesize amino acid derivatives of lysergic acid. Thereafter he undertook to synthesize therapeutically used natural alkaloids (lobelin, arecolin, tropane derivatives) via a biological pathway. For this purpose, it was necessary to synthesize new, highly active aldehydes, such as glutardialdehyde and others. This work led to the creation of manufacturing facilities on the one hand, and, on the other, in 1952 to entrust Dr. ]ucker with the foundation of a new department for Synthetic Drug Research. In the following years this new department developed a num ber of highly active new chemicals and a number of them were introduced into the market as pharmaceutical specialties. A few of them are still used in therapy. Dr. lucker's scientific work led to more than a hundred scientific arti cles and many lectures, as well as to over one hundred patents. As early as 1949, Dr. ]ucker was in charge of the foundation of a patent department for pharmaceutical inventions and he remained with this depart ment until his retirement, finally as director of all worldwide patent activi ties of Sandoz. For his efforts to ensure and improve the patent protection for pharmaceuticals, he was awarded the]efferson Medal by the New York Patent Law Association, being the only Non-American to receive this honor. During his 35 years with Sandoz, Dr. ]ucker was promoted a number of times, and in 1970 he became a member of the Board of Management of San doz Ltd., with the title of Senior Vice President. Having reached the age limit, Dr. ]ucker retired from active service in 1983, but continued the editorship of PDR which he founded in 1958/59 independently of his duties with Sandoz. x Publisher's note This is the 60th volume of the Progress in Drug Research book series that was founded in 1958 and since then has been edited by Ernst Jucker. Being a research scientist with Sandoz at that time, he initiated Progress in Drug Research since he found it tedious to continually read tremendous amounts of original research articles and thus realized that there had to be a demand for review articles on various topics of pharmacological research. It is exceptional to have such a long-serving Editor in any book series. Ernst Jucker has definitely been a model editor with regard to originality, dili gence, reliability and discipline. He has always given his best to ensure the quality of the contributions as well as timely delivery of the manuscripts. Not a single volume was cancelled or delayed. Collaborating with him has been a pleasure, and I sincerely regret losing him as an Editor, being well aware that it won't be easy to find a replacement. In the name of Birkhauser Publishing I thank Ernst for his tireless work and wish him all the best for his well-deserved retirement. I wish and trust that he will dedicate his time to his numerous hobbies with the same agility and steadfastness of purpose as he did for Progress in Drug Research. I also thank the members of the Advisory Board for their input and the vast number of authors who have thus far contributed to the series. Birkhauser will try its best to continue the series as Ernst Jucker would. Basel, May 2003 H.-P. Thiir xi Progress in Drug Research, Vol. 60 (E. lucker, Ed.) ©2003 Birkhauser Verlag, Basel (Switzerland) Chemical and pharmacological investigations of Epimedium • species: a su rvey By Hao Wu1, Eric]. Lien2, and Linda L. Lien2 lVisiting scholar from Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sci ences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9121, USA <[email protected]>
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