Progress in Artificial Intelligence: 12th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2005, Covilha, Portugal, December 5-8, 2005,

698 Pages·2005·9.91 MB·English

by  Carlos Bento

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 3808
EditedbyJ.G.CarbonellandJ.Siekmann
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Carlos Bento Amílcar Cardoso
Gaël Dias (Eds.)
Progress in
Artificial Intelligence
12th Portuguese Conference
on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2005
Covilhã, Portugal, December 5-8, 2005
Proceedings
1 3
SeriesEditors
JaimeG.Carbonell,CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JörgSiekmann,UniversityofSaarland,Saarbrücken,Germany
VolumeEditors
CarlosBento
AmílcarCardoso
UniversityofCoimbra,CenterforInformaticsandSystems
DepartmentofInformaticsEngineering,3030Coimbra,Portugal
E-mail:{bento,amilcar}@dei.uc.pt
GaëlDias
UniversityofBeiraInterior
CentreofHumanLanguageTechnologyandBioinformatics
DepartmentofComputerScience
RuaMarquêsdeÁvilaeBolama,6201-001Covilhã,Portugal
E-mail:[email protected]
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005936461
CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.2,H.2,F.1,H.3,D.1.6
ISSN 0302-9743
ISBN-10 3-540-30737-0SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
ISBN-13 978-3-540-30737-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYork
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Preface
With this edition, EPIA, the Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
celebratesits 20thanniversary.Likeallitspreviouseditions,ithasbeenrunun-
der the auspices of the Portuguese Association for Artificial Intelligence
(APPIA), which was established in 1984 and is also celebrating 20 years of
activity.
The first edition of EPIA was held in Porto, in October 1985, organised by
Pavel Brazdil, Miguel Filgueiras, Lu´ıs Damas and Armando Campos e Matos.
EPIA soon evolved to an international conference by adopting in its fourth
edition English as the official language and having its proceedings published by
Springer,intheLNAIseries.Inrecentyears,theconferencegraduallyprogressed
from a plenary organisationto a workshop-basedstructure. The conference has
steadily assumed high-quality standards, both in its scientific management and
in the scientific program, with the aim of progressively broadening its audience
and improving its impact over young researchers.
EPIA2005wasthe12theditionoftheconference.Withtheabove-mentioned
celebrations in mind, we decided to work towards the involvement of several
generationsofAI researchersinthe organisationofthe event.As aresult,EPIA
2005 involved for the first time an Advisory Committee, composed of all the
founders of APPIA that are still working in AI, and also the Co-chairs of the
lastEPIAs,aslistedelsewhereintheseproceedings.Wewanttoexpresstothem
our gratitude for all the support, advice and confidence.
When we set about organising the event, we committed ourselves to the ob-
jectiveofexpandingthethematicrangeoftheconferencebyattractingemerging
and boundary areas,while still including areas with an already consolidated re-
search history. This led us to adopt from previous issues a conference structure
based on a set of Thematic Workshops, to provide the participants with the
opportunity to focus on specific thematic and unique application areas.
EPIA 2005 was innovative in this matter by issuing a public Call for Work-
shops and setting up a refereed selection process, held by the new Advisory
Committee, which increased the number and diversity of themes in discussion.
As aresult,eightthematic workshopswereapproved,with adiversityofscopes,
including novel proposals (AC, BAOSW, CMB, IROBOT and TEMA) as well
as progressions of workshops held in previous EPIAs (ALEA, MASTA and
EKDB&W). We must acknowledge the key importance of these workshops in
the success of the event. Particular thanks are due to the Workshop Chairs,
listed elsewhere in these proceedings, for their invaluable proposals and collab-
oration.
Thiseditionalsoincluded,forthefirsttime,aGeneralAIworkshop(GAIW),
with its own organising structure, which aimed to address all the AI topics not
covered by the remaining workshops. This wide-scope workshop complemented
VI Preface
the remaining ones by allowing any AI researcher to participate without com-
promising the overallcoherence of the conference structure.
EPIA2005reconfirmedtheinternationalstatusoftheconferenceandthehigh
standardof accepted papers.A total of167contributions were receivedfrom 29
countries (65 from Portugal, 17 from Brazil, 15 from Spain, 10 from Nether-
lands, 9 from the UK, 4 from France, Iran and the USA, 3 from Belgium and
Germany,andthe remaining onesfrom diverseorigins,fromAlgeria to Canada,
from China to Mexico, from Korea to India, and many others). All submissions
were anonymous. All of them were subject to an IJCAI-style triple-blind peer
review.Commonguidelines,toolsandprocedureswereadoptedforallthework-
shops.Fromthesubmittedcontributions,58wereselectedforpublicationinthis
volume as full papers and are organised in chapters, by workshop.
The EPIA 2005 Workshops could count on highly qualified Program Com-
mittees, whichincluded many internationally distinguished researcherscovering
a wide range of AI areas. These committees involved 213 researchers from 24
countries(74fromPortugal,20fromGermany,18fromthe USA,15fromSpain
andthe UK,14fromFrance,13fromBrazil,just to mentionthe mostrepresen-
tative).Ourspecialthanksgotothemandalsotothereviewers,listedelsewhere
in these proceedings, for their excellent work.
TheparticipationasinvitedspeakersofthedistinguishedresearchersRichard
Benjamin (University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands), Gregory Grefenstette
(Commissariat `a l’Energie Atomique, France), Auke Ijspeert (E´cole Polytech-
niqueF´ed´eraledeLausanne,Switzerland),AndrewPhillips(MicrosoftResearch,
UK)andPushSingh(MediaLab,MIT,USA)greatlycontributedtobroadening
the thematic spectrum of the conference.
We are honoured to announce that this conference was organised in cooper-
ation with the following prestigious European and American scientific associa-
tions: ECCAI, AAAI, IEEE-SMC and ACM.
The Research to Industry Day, held in Parkurbis, the incubator associated
to the University of Beira Interior, was another innovation of this EPIA. It
was devoted to the challenging process of going from pre-competitive research
to successful commercial projects, and involved specialists on the settlement
of new enterprises and on relevant legal and financial aspects of the process.
ThisinitiativealsocomprisedanIntelligentSystemsDemonstrationevent,which
contributed to the diffusion of the AI achievements, particularly among young
students.
Several people gave us invaluable help in several stages of this process of
preparing EPIA 2005. Special thanks go to Gabriel Pereira Lopes, S´onia Vaz,
Joa˜o Cunha, Jorge Tavares and Penousal Machado. We are also grateful to the
authorsandpresenters,aswellastoallthosewhoparticipatedinEPIAinsome
way. An acknowledgement is also due to the institutions and companies that
sponsored this event. We list them elsewhere in these proceedings. The final
thanks go to Springer for their help and assistance in producing this book.
December 2005 Carlos Bento, Am´ılcar Cardoso, Ga¨el Dias
EPIA 2005 Conference Organization
Program and Conference Co-chairs
Carlos Bento Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Am´ılcar Cardoso Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Ga¨el Harry Dias Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
Advisory Committee
Salvador Abreu Universidade de E´vora, Portugal
Pavel Brazdil Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Helder Coelho Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Ernesto Costa Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Lu´ıs Damas Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Miguel Filgueiras Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Al´ıpio Jorge Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Ernesto Morgado Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Jos´e Carlos Maia Neves Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Arlindo Oliveira Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Eug´enio Oliveira Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Joa˜o Pava˜o Martins Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Anto´nio Porto Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Workshops Chairs
AC 2005
Ana Paiva Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Carlos Martinho Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Eug´enio Oliveira Universidade do Porto, Portugal
ALEA 2005
Lu´ıs Correia Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Ernesto Costa Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
BAOSW 2005
H. Sofia Pinto Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Andreia Malucelli Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Fred Freitas Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Macei´o, Brazil
Christoph Tempich Universit¨at Karlsruhe, Germany
VIII Organization
CMB 2005
Rui Camacho Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Alexessander Alves Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Joaquim Pinto da Costa Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Paulo Azevedo Universidade do Minho, Portugal
EKDB&W 2005
Joa˜o Gama Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Joa˜o Moura-Pires Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Margarida Cardoso ISCTE, Portugal
Nuno Marques Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Lu´ıs Cavique Instituto Polit´ecnico de Lisboa, Portugal
GAIW 2005
Carlos Bento Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Am´ılcar Cardoso Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
Ga¨el Harry Dias Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal
IROBOT 2005
Lu´ıs Paulo Reis Universidade do Porto, Portugal
Nuno Lau Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal
Carlos Carreto Instituto Polit´ecnico da Guarda, Portugal
Eduardo Silva Instituto Polit´ecnico do Porto,Portugal
MASTA 2005
Joa˜o Balsa da Silva Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Lu´ıs Moniz Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Lu´ıs Paulo Reis Universidade do Porto, Portugal
TEMA 2005
Gabriel Pereira Lopes Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Joaquim Ferreira da Silva Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
V´ıtor Rocio Universidade Aberta, Portugal
Paulo Quaresma Universidade de E´vora, Portugal
Program Committee
Salvador Abreu (Portugal) Paulo Azevedo (Portugal)
Jesus Aguilar (Spain) Franz Baader (Germany)
Paulo Alexandrino (Portugal) Ricardo Baeza-Yates (Spain)
Jonas Almeida (USA) Joa˜o Balsa da Silva (Portugal)
Jos´e Miguel Almeida (Portugal) Jacky Baltes (Canada)
Alexessander Alves (Portugal) Pedro Barahona (Portugal)
Elisabeth Andr´e (Germany) Ana Lu´cia Bazzan (Brazil)
Helder Arau´jo (Portugal) Frederic Benhamou (France)
Organization IX
Carlos Bento (Portugal) Rose Dieng-Kuntz (France)
Estela Bicho (Portugal) Virginia Dignum (The Netherlands)
Timothy W. Bickmore (USA) Ying Ding (Austria)
Guido Boella (Italy) Mark d’Inverno (UK)
Stefano Borgo (Italy) John Domingue (UK)
Lu´ıs Botelho (Portugal) Marco Dorigo (Belgium)
Jean-Francois Boulicaut (France) Edmund Durfee (USA)
Philip Bourne (USA) Inˆes Dutra (Brazil)
Anto´nio Branco (Portugal) Andreas Eisele (Germany)
Ju¨rgen Branke (Germany) Tomaz Erjavec (Slovenia)
Agn`es Braud (France) Mariano Fernandez-Lopez (Spain)
Christopher Brewster (UK) Joaquim Ferreira da Silva (Portugal)
Virginia Brilhante (Brazil) Ma´rio Figueiredo (Portugal)
Vladimir Brusic (Singapore) Miguel Filgueiras (Portugal)
Hans-Dieter Burkhard (Germany) Marcelo Finger (Brazil)
Chris Bystroff (USA) Klaus Fischer (Germany)
Rui Camacho (Portugal) Michael Fisher (UK)
Lu´ıs Camarinha-Matos (Portugal) Carlos Fonseca (Portugal)
Lola Can˜amero (UK) Ana Freitas (Portugal)
Am´ılcar Cardoso (Portugal) Joa˜o Gama (Portugal)
Margarida Cardoso (Portugal) Pablo Gamallo (Spain)
Walter Carnielli (Brazil) Aldo Gangemi (Italy)
Carlos Carreto (Portugal) Grac¸a Gaspar (Portugal)
Andr´e Carvalho (Brazil) Hector Geffner (Spain)
Cristiano Castelfrachi (Italy) Michael Gelfond (USA)
Marco Castellani (Portugal) David Gilbert (UK)
Leandro de Castro (Brazil) Jonathan Gratch (USA)
Lu´ıs Cavique (Portugal) Gregory Grefenstette (France)
An Chen (China) Michael Gruninger (USA)
Ning Chen (China) David Hales (Italy)
Xiaoping Chen (China) Siegfried Handschuh (Germany)
Philipp Cimiano (Germany) Melanie Hilario (Switzerland)
Helder Coelho (Portugal) Owen Holland (UK)
Oscar Corcho (UK) Tan Hongxing (China)
Lu´ıs Correia (Portugal) Andreas Hotho (Germany)
Ernesto Costa (Portugal) Inaki Inza (Spain)
V´ıtor Costa (Brazil) Jose Iria (UK)
Maria dos Rem´edios Cravo (Portugal) Hasan Jamil (USA)
Walter Daelemans (Belgium) Pieter Jonker (The Netherlands)
Eric de la Clergerie (France) Al´ıpio Jorge (Portugal)
Luc Dehaspe (Belgium) Heiki-Jaan Kaalep (Estonia)
Yves Demazeau (France) Alexandros Kalousis (Switzerland)
Fiorella di Rosis (Italy) Walter Kasper (Germany)
Ga¨el Harry Dias (Portugal) Ross King (UK)
Jorge Dias (Portugal) Jelle Kok (The Netherlands)
X Organization
Vijay Kumar (USA) Joaquim Pinto da Costa (Portugal)
Nuno Lau (Portugal) Helder Pita (Portugal)
Mark Lee (UK) Enric Plaza (Spain)
Joa˜o Leite (Portugal) Andr´e Ponce de Carvalho (Brazil)
Israel Lerman (France) Bhanu Prasad(USA)
Dayou Li (UK) Mikhail Prokopenko (Australia)
Pedro Lima (Portugal) Paulo Quaresma (Portugal)
Christine Lisetti (France) Marie-Laure Reinberger (Belgium)
Fernando Lobo Pereira (Portugal) Lu´ıs Paulo Reis (Portugal)
Fernando Lobo (Portugal) Anto´nio Ribeiro (Italy)
Ramon Lopez de Mantaras (Spain) Fernando Ribeiro (Portugal)
Jos´e Machado (Portugal) Maria Isabel Ribeiro (Portugal)
Henrique Madeira (Portugal) Martin Riedmiller (Germany)
Jos´e Maia Neves (Portugal) Jos´e Riquelme (Spain)
Andreia Malucelli (Portugal) Antonio Rocha Costa (Brazil)
Nuno Marques (Portugal) Ana Paula Rocha (Portugal)
Stacy Marsella (USA) Lu´ıs Rocha (USA)
Ernestina Menasalvas (Spain) V´ıtor Rocio (Portugal)
Juan Merelo (Spain) Thomas Rofer (Germany)
Pedro Meseguer (Spain) Marta Sabou (The Netherlands)
John-Jules Meyer (The Netherlands) Kunihiko Sadakane (Japan)
Zbigniew Michalewicz (Australia) Marie-France Sagot (France)
Peter Mika (The Netherlands) Ziad Salem (Syria)
Lu´ıs Moniz Pereira (Portugal) Antonio Sanfilippo (USA)
Lu´ıs Moniz (Portugal) Jorge Santos (Portugal)
Miguel Monteiro (Portugal) Tobias Scheffer (Germany)
Anto´nio Paulo Moreira (Portugal) Marc Schoenauer (France)
Boris Motik (Germany) Steffen Schulze-Kremer (Germany)
Joa˜o Moura Pires (Portugal) Lu´ıs Seabra Lopes (Portugal)
Susana Nascimento (Portugal) Fr´ed´erique Segond (France)
Mohammad Nejad Sedaghat (Iran) Jaime Sichman (Brazil)
Junji Nishino (Japan) Carles Sierra (Spain)
Veska Noncheva (Bulgaria) Alberto Silva (Portugal)
Leo Obrst (USA) Eduardo Silva (Portugal)
Eug´enio Oliveira (Portugal) Ma´rio G. Silva (Portugal)
Michael O’Neil (Ireland) Jorge Sim˜ao (Portugal)
Michael Packianather (UK) Armando Sousa (Portugal)
Ana Paiva (Portugal) Ashwin Srinivasan (India)
H. Van Parunak (USA) Steffen Staab (Germany)
Gabriel Pereira Lopes (Portugal) Leon Sterling (Australia)
Francisco Pereira (Portugal) Ljiljana Stojanovic (Germany)
Jos´e Pereira (Portugal) Heiner Stuckenschmidt
Paolo Petta (Austria) (The Netherlands)
Rolf Pfeifer (Switzerland) York Sure (Germany)
Irene Pimenta Rodrigues (Portugal) Tomoichi Takahashi (Japan)
Organization XI
Joa˜o Tasso Sousa (Portugal) Spela Vintar (Slovenia)
Michael Thielscher (Germany) Ubbo Visser (Germany)
Lu´ıs Torgo (Portugal) Nikos Vlassis (The Netherlands)
Alfonso Valencia (Spain) MariadasGrac¸asVolpeNunes(Brazil)
Maria Vargas-Vera (UK) Christel Vrain (France)
Jorge Vieira (Portugal) Christopher Welty (USA)
Renata Vieira (Brazil) Mohammed Zaki (USA)
Manuel Vilares Ferro (Spain) Pierre Zweigenbaum (France)
Aline Villavicencio (UK)
Additional Reviewers
Nittka Alexander Aleem Hossain Antonio Pereira
Jos´e Ju´lio Alferes Carlos Le˜ao Josep Puyol-Gruart
Luis Antunes Jos Lehmann Francisco Reinaldo
Jorge Batista Jorge Louc¸˜a Gross Roderich
Gerd Brewka Lu´ıs Macedo Pedro Rodrigues
Henrique Cardoso Yves Martin Raquel Ros
Marco Costa Alfredo Martins Luigi Sauro
Paulo Sousa Dias Claudio Masolo Alexandre Sousa
Brian Duffy Truszczynski Mirek Jorge Tavares
Peter Eggenber Nelma Moreira Jos´e Manuel Torres
Ma´rio Florido Dulce Mota Paulo Urbano
Nuno A. Fonseca Joa˜o Neto Jurriaanvan Diggelen
Paulo Gomes Eric Pacuit Jesu´s Vilares Ferro
Local Organization Committee
Elsa Alves Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Isabel Marcelino Instituto Superior T´ecnico, Portugal
Local Organization Team
Ricardo Campos Rumen Moraliyski Cla´udia Santos
Joa˜o Paulo Cordeiro Raycho Mukelov Hugo Veiga
Organizing Institutions
APPIA - Associa¸c˜ao Portuguesa para a Inteligˆencia Artificial
DIUBI - Departamento de Informa´tica, Universidade da Beira Interior
CISUC - Centro de Inform´atica e Sistemas da Universidade de Coimbra