Table Of Content

SUBJECT INDEX Acid digestion methods composition of vapor in boundary layer 410 for petroleum products 127 effect of atmospheric composition on for solid fuels/ashes 146 vaporization 429 Acid dissolution methods for solids 142 effect of sample composition on element Acid/salt matrix interferences, corrections for vaporization 428 Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate experimental setup for detection of (APDC) 52, 59-61 acetylides 420 Ash fusion methods 147 interaction of metals with substrate during ATR-IR spectroscopy 3 vaporization process 418 ATR-UV spectroscopy kinetic limitations of quasi-equilibrium ATR-VIS spectroscopy theory 413 metal vapor diffusion through graphite 424 metal vapor pressure 413 ‘apillary arc (DC) plasma 3 metal vaporization 413 ‘apillary vibration induced by laser (CVL) molecular spectra of vapors in equilibrium ‘apillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) 288 with condensed phase of substance under arboxymethylated polyethyleneimine- study 430 polymethylene polyphenylene isocyanate particle transport in analytical zone 411 (CPPI) 52, 60, 61, 63, 64 quasi-equilibrium theory of atomization 410 Cascade dilution 195 recording of molecular spectra at high Celluloses 53 temperatures 432 Chelating extraction agents 50, 52 separation of vaporization and vapor dissociation Chelating extraction systems 60 processes 426 Chelating ion exchange resins 50 spatial distribution of particles in tube furnace Chelating resins 49, 53, 65 during stationary vaporization 411 Chemical species, measurement and assignment thermal effect of vaporization 413 of 270 vapor transport 423 Chemiluminescence reaction 479 Electrothermal atomization (ETA) 469 Chloride ion in aqueous samples 324 Electrothermal vaporization-atomic absorption Chlorinated purgeable organic compounds 330 spectrometry (ETV-AAS) 33 Chlorine in water 324 Elevated pressure-assisted methods 142 Chromatograph detectors 261 Ethanol determination in gasohol 331 Chromatography 287 Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) 292 Extraction discharge 482 Data acquisition and processing systems (DAPS) 386 Decomposition automation 84 FANES 469, 476 Decomposition procedures 83 FAPES 477 Digestion procedures 82 FlAtron SHS-300 129 Direct analysis methods 150 Flame atomic absorption spectrometry Direct current plasma (DCP) (FAAS) 23, 201 historical development 161 Flame/furnace infrared emission (FIRE) in geochemical analysis 161 spectrometry 303 selected applications 164 analytical applications 321 selected fundamental papers 163 as compound-specific detector for determination spectrometry 111 of ethanol in gasohol 331 Direct current plasma-optical emission as detector for high-pressure liquid spectrometry (DCP-OES) 33 chromatography 329 Direct dilution of petroleum products 126 as element-specific detector for gas Donnan dialysis 211 chromatography 326 Dry ashing technique for solids 141 background subtraction 319 collection optics 313 combustion flames 309 Electron-beam-boosted glow discharge lamp 472 dispersive radiometers 317 Electronic dilution 195 electrically-heated furnaces 310 Electrophoresis 287 emission source 308 Electrothermal atomic absorption analysis field of view 313 (ETAAA) 201-3, 409 future prospects 332 atom residence time in analytical zone 423 infrared detectors 318 chemical transformations in sample during instrumentation 308 vaporization 426 interference filters 315 composition of atmosphere in analytical laboratory applications 304 zone 429 modulation 314 composition of graphite furnace noise 307 atmosphere 412 noise reduction techniques 318 Subject Index optical materials 313 dispersion in eluate transport 241 phase-sensitive detection 319 dispersion in sample loading 239 signal irradiance 306 dispersion in sorption and elution 240 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 308 elution 244 solid angle considerations 314 enrichment factor (EF) 237 theory 304 evaluation of 237 wavelength isolation 314 fundamental aspects 236 Flow-injection analysis (FIA) 235 future trends 257 Flow-injection atomic spectrometry (FIAS) 169 injection valve 245 basic characteristics 170 manifold designs 245 basic concepts 169 manifolds for flame AA and ICP calibration strategies 222 spectrometry 245 combined procedures 214 manifolds for graphite furnace AAS 247 compensation fluid 188 manifolds for hydride generation and cold concentration-time profile 171 vapour AAS 247 continuous dilution 222 practical aspects 241 controlled dispersion analysis 185 retention efficiency 238 development of 172 sample loading 241 equipment 174 strongly basic anion exchangers 251 flame chemistry 219 Fluorescence spectrometry 263 future developments 226 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) ATR dichroism high dissolved solid content 182 technique 353 indirect methods 218 Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) injection valves 184 spectroscopy 291, 316 interference effects 186 Furnace atomic non-thermal emission spectrometry liquid-liquid extraction 197, 219 (FANES) 469, 476 manifold design 191 matrix addition 224 merging zones 192, 223 Gas chromatography 262, 326 microsampling 175 Gasohol, ethanol determination in 331 nature of the solvent 186 Geoanalysis nebulizer efficiency 187 inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry nebulizer uptake rate control 189 (ICP-MS) in 3 overlapping peaks 192 plasma spectrochemistry in peak area 195 Geochemical analysis, direct current plasma (DCP) peak area measurement 188 in 161 peak parameters 223 Geochemical exploration 79 peak width 194 Geochemical processing of analytical data 92 precipitation reactions 221 Geochemical prospecting 79 real samples 174 Glow discharge lamps 470 reverse flow injection 223 Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry sample types 175 (GFAAS) 23, 476 segmented carrier streams Graphite rod electrothermal vaporization serial dilutions 222 (ETV) 55 solid phase extraction 200, 2 solid phase reaction 219 speciation studies 216 standard additions method Helium ICP (He-ICP) 483 tandem injection 196 Hexamethylene ammonium hexamethylenedithio- time-based methods 194 carbamate (HMAHMDC) 60 useful working range 191 High performance liquid chromatography vapor generation 212 (HPLC) 167 variable injection volume 194 High pressure liquid chromatography variable tube dimensions 192 (HPLC) 329 viscosity effects 183 High temperature furnace ashing (HTA) 141 zone penetration method 223 Hollow anode FANES 477 Flow-injection on-line column preconcentration in Hollow cathode lamp 474 atomic spectrometry 235 Hydride generation/DCP-AES 111 activated alumina 251 Hydride generation/ICP-AES and liquid chromatography 236 applications 107 applications 251 detection limits 101 Cig bonded silica gel and polymer sorbents interelement effects 105 chelating ion-exchangers 249 interferences 101 column designs 242 Hydride generation/ICP-AES system 98 column packings 249 Hydride generation techniques column washing 243 advantages and disadvantages 95 concentration efficiency (CE) 237 covalent hydrides 96 consumptive index (CI) 238 in inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission dispersion control 238 spectrometry (ICP-AES) 95 dispersion effects in atomic spectrometric reducing agents and sources 96 detectors 239 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid (SOX) 59 Subject Index ICP 469, 478, 481, 482 definition 337 aS process monitor 438 determination in solutions 337 flow control and autosampling 128 direct absorption of ions 339 in petroleum industry 125 emission 338 online process control 437 excitation of ions via energy transfer 341 power modulated 447 fluorescence enhancement of ligand 347 ICP-AES 6, 8, 23, 46, 47, 48, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, fluorescent labelling 348 79, 134, 475 fluorimetric methods 341 background correction 155 intermolecular energy transfer 344 calibration and interference corrections 86 intramolecular energy transfer 341 hydride generation techniques in 95 laser-induced fluorescence 341 instrumental analysis 150 micellar effect 345 instrumentation 84 micellar solutions 343 multielement analysis 84 organic chelates 347 of fossil fuels and related materials 141 photoacoustic spectroscopy 340 multielement calibration and analysis 151 properties of 337 multielement optimization 151 solvent extraction using crown ethers preconcentration and separation techniques 45 spectral properties 338 quality assurance and monitoring program 157 synergistic agents 343 REE detection limits and chondrite values 11 thermal lens spectrometry 339 reproducibility of interference calibrations 155 Laser atomization 478 resolution 153 Laser enhanced ionization (LEI) 461 sample preparation 141 Laser induced breakdown spectrometry sequential simplex method 111 (LIBS) 441 spectral interference corrections 152 Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) 461 ICP-MS _ 65, 201 Laser induced plasma 478, 479 advantages in geochemical analysis 5 Liquid chromatography 266 as geological exploration tool 134 using plasma spectrometry as specific element calibration curve 39 detector 130 disadvantages in geochemical analysis Lithium metaborate (LMB) 147 fire assay 22 Lithium metaborate-tetraborate fusion 59 in geoanalysis 3 Lithium tetraborate (LTB) 147 instrumentation 34, 204 Low temperature oxygen plasma ashing interferences 36 (LTA) 141-2 isotope dilution 40 mass bias correction 135 monitoring of environmentally important Metastable transfer emission spectroscopy elements 139 (MTES) 475 Pb isotopes 25 Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 48 performance characteristics 5 4-Methyl pentan-2-one (MIBK) 211 preconcentration and separation techniques 45 Microarc atomizer 480 quantitative analysis 39 Microwave induced plasma (MIP) 3, 473, 474, REE detection limits and chondrite values 11 478, 480 sample preparation 36, 135 Microwave-assisted methods for solids 142 semiquantitative analysis 38 MIP-MIP 481 system schematic 4 Mn-nodules, trace elements in 27 trace elements 9 Molecular non-thermal excitation spectrometry in Ca-rich samples 25 (MONES) 477 trace metals in water resource monitoring Molecular spectroscopic methods for determination programs 33 of lanthanides in solutions 337 ICP-OES 33, 34, 196, 201, 437 Multielement analysis with ICP-AES 84 Imino-diacetic-acid-ethyl-cellulose (IDALC) 52, Multiphoton ionization spectrometry 263 60 Inductively coupled plasma. See ICP Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) 23 Nd:YAG laser 273 lon bombardment-glow discharge 483 NIOSH-NBS freeze-dried urine 55 Ion exchange chromatography 49 NIST isotope standards 135 lon exchange resins 65 Nitric acid, wet ashing with 128 Isotope dilution analysis 31 Nondestructive analyses, photoacoustic Isotope ratio determination 27 spectroscopy 289 Kerr effect 379, 380 Os isotope ratios 29 Oscillatory electric birefringence (OEB) 379 background 380 Lanthanides characterization of polymer solutions 379 absorption 338 data acquisition and processing systems absorption methods 339 (DAPS) 386 co-luminescence effect 346 errors due to amplitude modulation 392 complexation methods 340 experimental apparatus 382 Subject Index factors influencing selection of modulation pulse-interrupted modulation 450 frequency 391 types of modulation 449 form of optical signal 385 Power modulated analytical inductively coupled samples and solutions 396, 403 plasma spectroscopy 447 solvent relaxation, in polymer solutions 394 Precipitation for preconcentration and zero birefringence solvents 402 separation 205 Oxygen bomb combustion for liquid and solid Precipitation/flotation techniques 46 fuels 149 Preconcentration techniques 45, 65, 150 miscellaneous 49 on-line 61, 63, 69, 196 solid samples, fusions 47 Pb isotope ratios 30 Process control ICP. See PC-ICP Pb mineral concentrates Purgeable organic compounds (POCs) isotope ratio determination 22 rapid isotope ratio determination 23 PC-ICP general component layout 438 Quality assura‘ nce“ e and monitori. ng 15S77 in aluminium alloy manufacturing 444 Quality control in coal gasification 442 plasma conditions 88 incinerator stack gas monitoring 441 procedures 86 industrial effluent monitoring 440 PDTC 59, 63 Petroleum industry . Radiogenic isotope ratio determination analytical results of crude samples 136 Rare-gas ion sputtering 470, 474 c. urren> t a. nalytica- l proc“e2 dures> 12, 6 hd Reduced-pressure afterglow 482> inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in 125 REEs Photoacoustic spectrometry, single micro- calibration curves 12 particle 284 determination in silicate rocks and Photoacoustic spectroscopy, nondestructive minerals 10-20 analyses 289 general spectral characteristics 11 Photothermal deflection, single microparticle in SY-3 at 0.1% 15 analysis 284 in W-1 at 0.5% 15 Photothermal spectroscopy mineral analysis 20 analytical and chemometric applications spectra in geological materials 13 applications 283 Resonance ionization mass spectrometry biological substances 293 (RIMS) 464 chemometric applications 293 RF arc-inductively coupled plasma 483 condensed matters 294 Rock digestion 128 depth profiling 290 Round robin analysis 129 instrumentation 275, 279, 296 methodology 296 microanalyses 284 photothermal effect in condensed phases 276 Sample preparation 82 spectroanalytical and chemometric informa- SARA analysis 132-4 tions 278 SEC-ICP 131 spectroanalytical applications 291 Separation techniques 45, 65, 150 spectrochemical applications 293 on-line 61, 69, 196 ultrafast method 297 Sequential simplex method 111 ultrafine particle detection by laser breakdown Sequential simplex optimization 112 acoustic effect 286 applications 118 ultratrace analyses and applications 281 Silicate rocks and minerals, determination of Plasma spectrochemistry, in geoanalysis REEs in 10-20 Platinum group elements (PGE), determination by Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) 68, 131 fire assay ICP-MS 22 Sludge digestion 128 Poly(acrylamidoxime) (PAAO) 51, 56 Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) 52 Polyatomic ion interferences 15 Solvent extraction methods 48 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 261 on-line 64 Poly(dithiocarbamate) (PDTC) 51, 54, 56-8 Solvent relaxation, in polymer solutions 394 Polymer solutions Sorbent extraction methods, on-line 65 oscillatory electric birefringence (OEB), Spectral similarity, evaluation of 271 characterization of 379 Sputtered neutral MS (SNMS) 464 solvent relaxation in 394 Stable isotope ratio determination 28 Polymers, preparation of 128 Sulfated ash 127 Power modulated analytical inductively coupled technique for liquid fuels/resids/polymers 148 plasma Supercritical fluid chromatography 268 analytical applications 459 Supersonic jet spectrometry 261 as diagnostic tool 447 exciting source 272 diagnostic studies with pulsed modulation 450 sensitivity 272 diagnostic studies with sinusoidal spectral congestion 272 modulation 449 SY-3 spectra 16 precedents with other discharges 447 SYMISOL 84, 90 Subject Index Tandem sources instrumentation 362 active 470 internal reflection element 361 active versus passive 468 materials and film preparation 363, 369 advantages of 464 materials and sample preparation 372 categorization 466 non-absorbing sample 355 characterization 469 PHST films 363 definition 463 polarity of PHST films 367 differential pressure versus identical polarity of SPUU films 370 pressure 468 principles 355 for analytical spectrometry 463 SPUU films 369 graphical representation 464 Total inorganic carbon (TIC) 321 graphite-furnace-based 475 Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) integrated versus separated 467 spectroscopy. See Time-resolved TIRF literature review 470 spectroscopy mathematical modeling 469 Trace elements in Mn-nodules 27 passive 468, 482 Trace metals in water resource monitoring pre-vaporization techniques 484 samples 33 radiation-induced phenomena 483 Thin-layer chromatography 269 Time-resolved TIRF spectroscopy 353, 354 Ultraviolet/visible spectrometry 261 absorbing sample 356 angular spectrum 372 applications 363 Water resource monitoring samples, trace metals concentration gradient in SPUU films 372 399 in 33 depth profile Wet ashing with nitric acid 128 dynamics in PHST films 365 dynamics of SPUU films 371 effect of gas environment in baking : process 368 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 82, 438 future perspectives 375 X-ray photoacoustic spectrontetry 292 homogeneous depth profile 373 X-ray spectrometry (XRS) 46 inhomogeneous depth profile 374 inhomogeneous distribution of pyrene in PHST films 364 Zero birefringence solvents 402