Progress in agricultural geography

284 Pages·1986·13.863 MB·English

by  Michael Pacione

Routledge Revivals
Progress in Agricultural Geography
In the second half of the twentieth century, significant changes were
occurring within the agricultural industry, including an increase in
efficiency and government intervention, as well as expanded and more
complicated patterns of trade. This comprehensive volume, first pub-
lished in 1986, reflects how these developments challenged the field of
agricultural geography. Considering agricultural innovations, farming
systems, government policy and land ownership, this title provides an
essential background to students with an interest in agricultural
methods, distribution and reform.
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Progress in Agricultural
Geography
Edited by
Michael Pacione
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
REVIVALS
Firstpublishedin1986
byCroomHelmLtd
Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2013byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
SimultaneouslypublishedintheUSAandCanada
byRoutledge
711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017
RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©1986MichaelPacione
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
knownor hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orin any
informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe
publishers.
Publisher’sNote
Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthisreprintbut
pointsoutthatsomeimperfectionsintheoriginalcopiesmaybeapparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes
correspondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunabletocontact.
ALibraryofCongressrecordexistsunderLCcontrolnumber:85031389
ISBN13:978-0-415-70748-0(hbk)
ISBN13:978-1-315-88673-2(ebk)
Progress in
Rgricultural
GeographY
Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE
CROOM HELM
London. Sydney. Dover, New Hampshire
© 1986 Michael Pacione
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham,K ent BR3 IAT
Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, Suite 4, 6th Floor,
64-76 Kippax Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
British Library Cataloguingi n Publication Data
Progressi n agricultural geography
I. Agricultural geography
1. Pacione,M ichael
338.1' 09 S439
ISBN 0-7099-2095-4
Croom Helm, 51 WashingtonS treet, Dover, New Hampshire,0 3820 USA
Library of CongressC atalogingi n PublicationD ata
Main entry under title:
Progressin agricultural geography.
(Croom Helm progressi n geographys eries)
Includes index.
Contents:t heory and methodologyi n agricultural
geography/ B. W. Ilbery-classificationo f
agricultural systems/ J.W. Aitchison-diffusion of
agricultural innovations/ G. Clark-(etc.}
1. Agricultural geography-addresseess, says,
lectures. I. Pacione,M ichael. II. Series.
S494.5.G46P76 1986 630.9 85-31389
ISBN 0-7099-2095-4
Filmset by Mayhew Typesetting,B ristol, England
Printed and bound in Great Britain
by Billing & Sons Limited, Worcester.
CONTENTS
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Introduction 1
1 . Theory and Methodology in Agricultural
Geography B. W. Ilbery 13
2. Classificationo f Agricultural Systems l. W. Aitchison 38
3. Diffusion of Agricultural Innovations G. Clark 70
4. Farming Systemsi n the Modem World
M.l. Troughton 93
5. GovernmentA gricultural Policies I. R. Bowler 124
6. Agrarian Reform in EasternE urope A.H. Dawson 149
7. Agriculture and Urban Development C.R. Bryant 167
8. Land Ownership and the Agricultural Land
Market P.J. Byrne 195
9. Agricultural Marketing and Distribution W. Smith 219
10. The World Food Problem D.B. Grigg 239
Notes on Contributors 264
Index 265
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FIGURES
1.1 Land Abandonmenti n South-eastS cotlandB efore
1800 18
1.2 America's Richest Farms and Ranches,l ate 1970s 26
2.1 Stagesi n the Processo f Classification 39
2.2 Types of Farming in Finland 50
2.3 First Order Agricultural Types, Poland 57
2.4 Dominant Farm EnterpriseR egions, France 64
3.1 Cumulative Adoption of an Innovation 72
3.2 Stagesi n the Decision to Adopt 77
3.3 Cumulative Diffusion as a CompoundP rocess 79
3.4 Types of Adopter Defined by Time of Adoption 81
3.5 Myrdal's Processo f Cumulative Causation 84
4.1 Three Revolutions 95
4.2 Model Framework for Industrialising Agriculture in
DevelopedC ountries 101
4.3 A Preliminary Typology of IndustrialisedA griculture III
5.1 The Goals of Agricultural Policy 129
5.2 ProductionC hangesu nder the CAP 140
6.1 Agricultural Land in Private Ownership in Poland,
1982 156
6.2 The Size of Privately-ownedF arms in Poland, 1982 162
7.1 The Agriculture-Urban DevelopmentI nteraction
Process 170
7.2 Impacts of Urban Developmento n the Individual
Farm Unit 173
9.1 (a) Theoretical Situation for Three Productsa ssuming
Constantb ut Different Freight Rates 220
(b) Von Thlinen's Concentric Agricultural Zones
around an Isolated Town on a Uniform Plain 221
9.2 Stagesb etweenP roduction and Consumption 223
10.1 Available Calories Per Capita per Day as a
Percentageo f National Minimum Requirements 242
10.2 Percentageo f the PopulationR eceiving Less than 1.2
x Basal Metabolic Rate, 1978-80 244
10.3 Changesi n Food Output Per Capita, 1950-1980,b y
Developing Regions 247