Program Language as a Mechanism for Community Creation in Alcoholics Anonymous

66 Pages·2017·0.33 MB·English

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Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center
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Talya Wolf
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
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SPEAKING SOBER: PROGRAM LANGUAGE AS A
MECHANISM FOR COMMUNITY CREATION IN
ALCOHLICS ANONYMOUS

by

TALYA WOLF

A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York

2018
© 2018

TALYA WOLF

All Rights Reserved

ii
Speaking Sober: Program Language as a Mechanism for Community Creation in
Alcoholics Anonymous

by
Talya Wolf

This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal
Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts.

Date Barbara Katz Rothman
Thesis Advisor

Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis
Executive Officer

THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
iii
ABSTRACT

Speaking Sober: Program Language as a Mechanism for Community
Creation in Alcoholics Anonymous
by
Talya Wolf

Advisor: Barbara Katz Rothman

Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) is a fellowship of more than two million members in 180 countries
worldwide who are joined by their common desire to achieve and maintain sobriety. A.A. is
comprised of small, self-sustaining groups of individuals who meet, typically weekly or biweekly,
to share their successes and struggles and to provide support to their fellow alcoholics. There are no
dues or requirements for membership other than the wish to stop drinking. The organization is not
evangelical; it does not recruit, but rather welcomes those who wish to participate. The open nature
of this program attracts individuals of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and socioeconomic positions.
Furthermore, the A.A. literature makes clear that strong community ties within the program are
necessary for the success of each and all participants. In the context of the diversity of participants,
the mandate for strong interpersonal relationships seems one that could be difficult to achieve.
However, over three months of ethnographic investigation, during which I regularly attended AA
meetings, I found a sense of fellowship to be prevalent within the program. This observation was
supported by a series of interviews with members. Through this fieldwork, I encountered a unique
rhetoric employed by A.A. members. The goal of this study is to illustrate some of the mechanisms
by which the common language of A.A. contributes to the community ties between participants in
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the program. Herein, I suggest that shared language allows for easy communication, expresses a
shared identity, and facilitates humorous interactions between members, thereby contributing to the
community ethos of the fellowship.
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work could not have been done without the guidance of Dr. Barbara Katz Rothman, to whom I
am extremely grateful. Thanks are due to Dr. Katz Rothman for her incredible patience, insightful
edits, and generosity of time. I also express my gratitude to Dr. Tamara Mose, who fueled the
inception of this work, to my family for their support throughout the process, to my husband,
Josiah Cavanaugh, for his continual encouragement and love, and especially to my grandmother,
Rita Heiferman. Without her support, phone calls, loving letters, and words of wisdom, this thesis,
and my graduate studies in general, would not have been possible. Thanks, Grammy!

I am also indebted to the many members of Alcoholics Anonymous who shared their stories with
me. This work could not have been done without you and I very much hope that I have done your
stories justice.

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………1
A Brief History of A.A. ……………………………………………………………………...4
Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………...6
Language in Identity Formation …………………………………………………………….6
Methods ……………………………………………………………………………………………..9
Ethnography ……………………………………………………………………………….10
Description of Fieldwork Sites and Research Participants ………………………………..11
The Texts …………………………………………………………………………………...14
My Role …………………………………………………………………………………….15
Findings ……………………………………………………………………………………………18
Back to the Source …………………………………………………………………………19
In It Together ………………………………………………………………………………22
Talking the Talk…………………………………………………………………………… 27
You Know What I Mean? …………………………………………………………………..32
Humor ……………………………………………………………………………………...39
Conclusions ………………………………………………………………………………………..44
References …………………………………………………………………………………………48
Appendix A ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
Appendix B ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
Appendix C ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
Appendix D ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
Appendix E ………………………………………………………………………………………...58

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Introduction

We are average Americans. All sections of this country and many of its occupations are
represented, as well as many political, economic, social, and religious backgrounds. We are
people who normally would not mix. But there exists among us a fellowship, a friendliness,
and an understanding which is indescribably wonderful. We are like the passengers of a
great liner the moment after rescue from shipwreck when camaraderie, joyousness and
democracy pervade the vessel. … The feeling of having shared in a common peril is one
element in the powerful cement which binds us. But that in itself would never have held us
together as we are now joined (Alcoholics Anonymous 2008: 19).

This quotation comes from Alcoholics Anonymous, affectionately called the Big Book,
which serves as the backbone of the practices of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) (Alcoholics
Anonymous 2008). While this passage initially appeared in the first printing of Alcoholics
Anonymous in 1939, my research reveals that this camaraderie between “people who would not
normally mix” remains a fundamental feature of the organization nearly eighty years later. My field
notes from one meeting read:
The 37-person group is comprised of men and women of varying ages, ethnicities, and
(seemingly) socioeconomic backgrounds. It is a near even split of White and Black
attendees, group members with caramel skin and Spanish-sounding accents that I assume to
be Latinx, and two Asian Americans. There are women in their mid-forties who carry
expensive designer purses, men in jeans and work boots that look as if they’ve walked off a
construction site, a woman who appears to be in her 70’s with a deep blue pixie cut and
1
suspiciously smooth skin, and several younger looking women who I would be unsurprised
to run into at a music venue in Williamsburg.1 [Field note, March 29, 2017]

Despite the superficial differences of the members in attendance, the community ethos present in
the room could not have been more evident, as shares continually included messages of gratitude,
support, and love.
The importance of unity is made abundantly clear in the texts of A.A. In his book As Bill
Sees It, A.A. founder Bill Wilson writes:
The unity of A.A. is the most cherished quality our Society has. Our lives, the lives of all to
come, depend squarely upon it. Without unity, the heart of A.A. would cease to beat; our
world arteries would no longer carry the life-giving grace of God” (Wilson 2000: 125).

Other appeals for unity from the foundational texts of the fellowship include: “Our common
welfare should come first; personal recovery depends on A.A. unity” (Twelve Steps and Twelve
Traditions 2011:129); “The remarkable unity of A.A. is one of the greatest assets that our Society
has” (Alcoholics Anonymous 2008: xix); “Realization dawns on each member that he is but a small
part of a great whole; that no personal sacrifice is too great for preservation of the Fellowship…. It
becomes plain that the group must survive or the individual will not” (Wilson 2000: 9); “The
conviction grew that A.A.’s had to hang together or die separately. We had to unify our Fellowship
or pass off the scene” (Alcoholics Anonymous 2008: xix). These quotations are only a sampling of
the calls for community ties present in the texts of A.A.
Throughout my interviews with members of A.A., participants repeatedly attested to the

1 Williamsburg is a neighborhood in Brooklyn, NY known for its community of aspiring artists and
plethora of DIY music venues.
2