Prognostic Factors in Cancer

305 Pages·1995·8.486 MB·English

by  M. K. Gospodarowicz, P. Hermanek, D. E. Henson (auth.), Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. P. Hermanek, Dr. Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Dr. D. E. Henson, Dr. R. V. P. Hutter, Dr. L. H. Sobin (eds.)

VICC International Union Against Cancer
Union Internationale Contre Ie Cancer
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Budapest
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Tokyo
Prognostic Factors
in Cancer
Edited by
P. Hermanek, M.K. Gospodarowicz,
D.E. Henson, R.Y.P. Hutter, L.H. Sobin
With 14 Figures and 60 Tables
Springer
UICC
3, rue du Conseil-Gent!ral, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
Editors:
Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. P. Hermanek
Vorstand der Abteilung fUr Klinische Patho1ogie i. R.
Chirurgische Universitiitsklinik Erlangen
Krankenhausstr. 12,91054 Erlangen, FRG
Dr. Mary K. Gospodarowicz
Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Toronto, 500 Sherbourne Street
Toronto, Ontario M4X 1K9, Canada
Dr. D.E. Henson
Early Detection Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control
National Cancer Institute, EPN Building, Room 305
9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Dr. R.V.P. Hutter
Clinical Professor of Pathology
University of Medicine and Dentistry
New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
Department of Pathology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center
Old Short Hills Road, Livingston, NJ 07039, USA
Dr. L.H. Sobin
Professor of Pathology
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, MD
Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Prognostic factors in cancer I edited by P. Hennanek '" let al.]. p. crn.
"UICC, International Union Against Cancer - Union Internationale Contre Ie Cancer" --Po preceding t. p.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-3-540-58688-3
1. Cancer--Prognosis. I. Hermanek, Paul. II. International Union against Cancer.
[DNLM: 1. Neoplasms--diagnosis. 2. Prognosis. 3. Neoplasm Staging. 4. Survival Rate. QZ 241 P964 1996]
RC262.P688 1995 616.99'4075--dc20 95-19216
ISBN-13 :978-3-540-58688-3 e-ISBN -13 :978-3-642-79395-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-79395-0
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© International Union Against Cancer, Geneva 1995
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Preface·
This monograph is the result of an effort by the International Union
Against Cancer (UICC) to study prognostic factors related to cancer.
It is an.extension of the long-term work on the TNM classification, the
most widely used "staging" classification and the strongest prognostic
factor for most cancer.
Although anatomic extent of disease (TNM) is generally the most
important indicator of prognosis for cancer patients and provides the
main criterion for selection of therapy, anatomic extent coupled with
other factors could provide an even more powerful system for prog
nostic assessment and choice of therapy.
The purpose of this monograph is to compile information on
prognostic factors for most tumour sites and selected tumour types.
Each site- or tumour-specific chapter provides a general overview of
the relevant literature on prognostic factors. Where possible, the
authors have attempted to assess these factors in terms of their strength
and independence to influence prognosis and their clinical relevance.
The TNM classification, which describes the anatomic extent of
disease, is the most time proven prognostic classification. As such,
TNM serves as a standard against which other prognostic factors and
classifications are measured.
We hope that the present compilation of prognostic factors will aid
in: (l) portraying the scope of this field; (2) stimulating the study of
these and other prognostic factors; and (3) bringing some perspective
to those working on specific factors.
March 1995 P. Hermanek, Erlangen
M.K. Gospodarowicz, Toronto
D.E. Henson, Bethesda, MD
R.V.P. Hutter, Livingston, NJ
L.H. Sobin, Washington, DC
Acknowledgement
Reviewer
Bielach S, MD, Hamburg, Germany
Diehl V, MD, Prof., Koln, Germany
Dold UW, MD, Priv. Doz., Freiburg, Germany
Gebhardt Ch, MD, Prof., Niirnberg, Germany
Hofiken K, MD, Prof., Jena, Germany
Hohenberger W, MD, Prof., Erlangen, Germany
Kindermann G, MD, Prof., Miinchen, Germany
Konig HJ, MD, Prof., Erlangen, Germany
Laperriere NJ, MD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Meister P, MD, Prof., Miinchen, Germany
Mennel HD, MD, Prof., MarburgiLahn, Germany
Payne DG, MD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Schlag P, MD, Prof., Berlin, Germany
Schrott KM, MD, Prof., Erlangen, Germany
Siewert JR, MD, Prof., Miinchen, Germany
Steiner W, MD, Prof., Gottingen, Germany
Wigand ME, MD, Prof., Erlangen, Germany
Winkler K, MD, Prof., Hamburg, Germany
Wustrow TPU, MD, Prof., Miinchen, Germany
The editors have much pleasure in acknowledging the great help
received from the reviewers listed above.
Contents
Introduction .................................... .
M.K. Gospodarowicz, P. Hermanek, and D.E. Henson
2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck 12
E.W. Strong, H. Kasdorf, and J.M. Henk
3 Parotid Carcinoma ................................ 23
C. Calearo and A. Pastore
4 Thyroid Carcinoma ............................... 28
A. Antonaci, J. Brierley, G. Bacchi, F. Consorti,
C. Consoli, A. Manzini, M. TAgliaferri,
F. Ficulccilli, F. Menichelli, C. Miani, P. Miani,
M. DI Paola, and M. Piemonte
5 Oesophageal Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
J.D. Roder, H.J. Stein, and J.R. Siewert
6 Stomach Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
P. Hermanek, K. Maruyama, and L.H. Sobin
7 Colorectal Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
P. Hermanek and L.H. Sobin
8 Anal Canal Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
B.J. Cummings
9 Hepatocellular Carcinoma .......................... 88
C. Wittekind
10 Carcinoma of the Gallbladder ....................... 94
M.T. Carriaga and D.E. Henson
11 Carcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts 100
M.T. Carriaga and D.E. Henson
12 Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma ...................... 105
M. Yamamoto, Y. Saitoh, and P. Hermanek
13 Lung Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 118
H. Asamura and T. Naruke
X Contents
14 Osteosarcoma 130
H. Fukuma
15 Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Adults ...................... 138
S. Toma, W. Hohenberger, R. Palumbo, o. Schmidt,
G. Nicolo, G. Canavese, and F. Badellino
16 Skin Carcinoma .................................. 149
P. Hermanek and H. Breuninger
17 Malignant Melanoma of Skin ....................... 152
P. Hermanek and N.N. Blinov
18 Breast Carcinoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 165
H.B. Burke, R.V.P. Hutter, and D.E. Henson
19 Vulvar Carcinoma ................................ 177
J.L. Benedet, D.M. Miller, E. Kovacs, and H. Ludwig
20 Cervix Uteri Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 185
A Fy1es and P. Kirkbride
21 Corpus Uteri Carcinoma ........................... 193
J.L. Benedet, T.G. Ehlen, E. Kovacs, and H. Ludwig
22 Fallopian Tube Carcinoma ......................... 203
A.C. Rosen and M.J. Klein
23 Ovarian Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 207
A Pfleiderer
24 Prostate Carcinoma ............................... 216
L.J. Denis, P.A. Catton, M.K. Gospodarowicz,
G.P. Murphy, P.O. Hedlund, and F.K. Mostofi
25 Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 224
M.K. Gospodarowicz and J.F.G. Sturgeon
26 Renal Cell Carcinoma ............................. 234
M.K. Gospodarowicz and J.E. Montie
27 Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 241
M.K. Gospodarowicz
28 Ophthalmic Tumours .............................. 249
G.K. Lang, C.W. Spraul, and G.O.H. Naumann
29 Neuroepithelial Tumours of Brain ....... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257
K. Nomura and AB.M.F. Karim
30 Hodgkin Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 263
M.K. Gospodarowicz, L. Specht, and S.B. Sutcliffe
31 Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas ......................... 271
M.K. Gospodarowicz and M. Hayat
Subject Index ....................................... 281
List of Contributors
Antonaci, A.
Department of Clinical Surgery IV,
University "La Sapienza" di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
Asamura, H.
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery,
National Cancer Center Hospital, I-I, Tsukiji 5-Chome,
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan
Bacchi, G.
Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Ospedale Civile Regionale,
33100 Udine, Italy
Badellino, F.
Division of Surgical Oncology, National Institute for Cancer
Research-1ST, 10132 Genoa, Italy
Benedet, J.L.
Department of Gynaecology, Vancouver General Hospital,
805 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z IM9
Blinov, N.N.
N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, 68 Leningradskaya St.,
Pesochny 2, St. Petersburg 189646, Russia
Breuninger, H.
Universitatshautklinik, 72076 Tiibingen, Germany
Brierley, J.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto,
Princess Margaret Hospital, 500 Sherbourne Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M4X lK9
Burke,B.
Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla,
NY 10595, USA
XII List of Contributors
Calearo, C.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Ferrara,
Arcispedale S. Anna, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
Canavese, G.
Division of Surgical Oncology, National Institute for Cancer
Research-1ST, 10132 Genoa, Italy
Carriaga, M.T.
Department of Pathology, Georgetown University School
of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA
Catton, P .A.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto,
Princess Margaret Hospital, 500 Sherbourne Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M4X lK9
Consoli,C.
Department of Clinical Surgery IV, University "La Sapienza"
di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
Consorti, F.
Department of Clinical Surgery IV, University "La Sapienza"
di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
Cummings, B.J.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto,
Ontario Cancer InstitutelPrincess Margaret Hospital,
500 Sherbourne Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4X lK9
Denis, L.J.
Department of Urology, A.Z. Middelheim, 2020 Antwerp,
Belgium
DiPaola, M.
Department of Clinical Surgery IV, University "La Sapienza"
di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
Ehlen, T.G.
Department of Gynaecology, Vancouver General Hospital,
805 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z IM9
Ficulccilli, F.
Department of Clinical Surgery IV, University "La Sapienza"
di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
Fukuma,H.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital,
1-1, Tsukiji 5-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan