Profiting from Diversity: The Business Advantages and the Obstacles to Achieving Diversity

273 Pages·2010·2.58 MB·English

by  Gloria Moss (eds.)

Profiting from Diversity
Profiting from Diversity
The Business Advantages and the Obstacles
to Achieving Diversity
Editedby
Gloria Moss
SeniorLecturer,BucksNewUniversity
Editorialmatter,selectionandintroduction©GloriaMoss2010
Chapters©theirauthors2010
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010
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Contents
ListofFigures vii
ListofTables viii
NotesonContributors ix
Part I TheBackground
1 Introduction 3
GloriaMoss
Part II ProfitingfromDiversity
2 Diversity,Innovation,andCorporateStrategy 19
AlanH.David
3 EastwardEnlargement,CulturalandNationalIdentity,
andDiversityintheEuropeanUnion 45
HeatherSkinnerandKrzysztofKubacki
4 KnowledgeManagementandthePositiveImpact
ofaCollectivistCulture 59
GloriaMoss,KrzysztofKubacki,MarionHersh,andRodGunn
5 Gender-BasedMotivesforPurchasingFairTradeProducts
inFrance 75
FlorencedeFerran
6 WomenManagersinLatvia:AUniversalFootprintforthe
Future? 91
GloriaMoss,DavidFarnham,andCarynCook
7 VarietyistheSpiceofLife:HowDesignDiversityCan
EnhanceProfitability 119
GloriaMoss
Part III ObstaclestoDiversityInitiatives
8 EmbeddingDiversity:TheObstaclesFacedbyEqualityand
DiversitySpecialists 137
AlisonPreece
v
vi Contents
9 DesignDiversity:TheOrganisationalObstacles 149
GloriaMoss
10 ObstaclestoGreaterDesignDiversity:Genderand
WebdesignSoftware 171
GaborHorvath,GloriaMoss,RodGunnandEszterVass
11 TacklingAgeisminEmployment:AgetheFinalFrontierof
Discrimination? 194
DavidFarnham
12 DisabledPeopleandEmployment:BarrierstoPotential
Solutions 215
MarionHersh
13 BarrierstoDiversity:TheCaseofAdvertisingCreatives 241
JimBlythe
NameIndex 256
SubjectIndex 263
List of Figures
2.1 Diversity,structure,andthevaluechain 21
2.2 Diversityandthe‘learningorganisation’a
complimentaryapproach.AdaptedfromKandolaand
Fullerton(1998) 28
2.3 AbsorptiveCapacitywithintheContextofDiversity.
AdaptedfromHopkinsetal.(2008) 35
2.4 Diversitystrategicprocessmeasurementmodel 36
5.1 (a)Hierachicalvaluemapoffairtradecoffeepurchase
bymen(n=180/threshold=5)and(b)hierarchical
valuemapoffairtradecoffeepurchasebywomen
(n=400/threshold=8) 83
7.1 Modelshowingthelinksneededbetweenperformance
andpreferenceinordertocreatecongruence(Moss,
2007) 131
9.1 Thegainstobederivedfromachievingamatchbetween
productionandpreferenceaesthetics 150
9.2 Thegainstobederivedfromachievingamatchbetween
productionandpreferenceaesthetics 151
10.1 Gendercharacteristicsofgrocerywebsites 177
10.2 TheGenderIndexofgroceryhomepages 178
10.3 Shapesonthetemplates 185
10.4 Layoutofthetemplates 186
10.5 Numberofdifferenttextcoloursused 187
10.6 Typesofdifferenttextcoloursused 187
10.7 Typographyofthetemplates 188
10.8 Visualgenderindex 189
10.9 Indexofgender–summary 189
12.1 Thecontextcomponentofthecomprehensiveassistive
technologymodel 217
12.2 Themainbarrierstoemploymentofdisabledpeople
relatedtothecontextcomponentofthecomprehensive
assistivetechnologymodel 218
12.3 Therelationshipsbetweenthemainbarrierstothe
employmentofdisabledpeople 235
vii
List of Tables
1.1 Correlationsbetweenperceiveddiversityinthesenior
managementandoutputs(takenfromAllenetal.,2008) 13
2.1 Claimedbenefitsofdiversity 23
2.2 ProposedframeworkbyauthoradaptedfromWheeler
(1998)andHubbard(2004) 31
2.3 Scorecardperspectivesproposedbytheauthoradapted
fromHubbard(2004)andKaplanandNorton(1996) 40
4.1 PercentageofAustraliansandSlovenianscitingcertain
constructsasimportantinteamresearch 69
6.1 PercentageoftheLatvianworkingpopulationemployed
indifferentsectors,1997and2000 93
6.2 Comparisonoftheattributesofmen’sandwomen’s
leadershipstylesnotedintheliterature,withthe
correspondingfeaturesofLatvianmen’sandwomen’s
managementnotedbytherespondents 113
6.3 Comparisonofthebenefitstheliteratureascribesto
transformationalleadershipandthebenefits
respondentsattributetowomenmanagers 115
7.1 Summaryoftheviewsofresearchersastowaysinwhich
personalityismanifestedingraphicexpression,andthe
genderwithwhichaparticularformofgraphic
expressionisassociated 126
7.2 Thesexwithwhichvariousgraphicfeaturesare
associated 128
7.3 Differencesinmaleandfemalegraphicexpressionover
anumberofstudies(Moss2009) 129
7.4 Thestrengthofmaleandfemalepreferencesforwebsites
andelementsofwebsitesproducedbypeopleofthe
samegenderasthemselves(MossandGunn2009) 130
9.1 Theproportionofmenandwomenmembers(andby
gradeofmembership)accordingtomembership
statisticsheldbytheCharteredSocietyofDesigners 154
10.1 Thescoringsystem 184
13.1 Theprocessesofagroundedtheorystudy 243
13.2 Categoriesofdata 244
viii
Notes on Contributors
Dr. Jim Blythe is Visiting Reader in Marketing at Plymouth Busi-
ness School, and a Visiting Professor at Fachhochschule Nordhausen,
Germany.Heistheauthorofover50academicpapersand14textbooks.
His work has been published in the Journal of Marketing Management,
Industrial Marketing Management, the Journal of Business and Industrial
Management, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, and many more. He
is the editor of the Marketing Review, and is on the editorial panels of
fourotheracademicjournals,aswellasbeingChairoftheAcademyof
MarketingSpecialInterestGroupforQualitativeInquiryinMarketing.
Caryn E. Cook, MSc, Chartered FCIPD, PGCE, is a senior lecturer
withtheBusinessSchoolattheUniversityofWales,Newport,teaching
EmployeeRelationsontheCIPDProfessionalDevelopmentProgramme,
HumanResourceManagementandgeneralmanagement.Sheisachar-
tered fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development.
AjointpaperwithGloriaMossandDavidFarnhamon‘LessonsonGen-
der and Management from Latvia’ was presented at the International
Conference,Newsocio-economicchallengesofdevelopmentinEurope
attheUniversityofLatviainOctober2008.PriortoenteringtheHigher
Education Sector Caryn was a training manager within the Railway.
Her research interests are within Employee Relations and conceptual
frameworksofHRM.
Alan David is Senior Lecturer in Strategic Management at the Univer-
sityofWestminster.HeworkedatCourtauldsintheheadofficeStrategic
Planning team and, following an MBA, attended the Advanced Man-
agement Programme International run by faculty at Harvard Business
School. His main teaching interests relate to Corporate Strategy, the
Management of Innovation and Change and Systems Dynamics and
StrategicModelling.Hisresearchinterestsfocusonhowsystemsthink-
inginterventionsimpactonorganisationallearningandhowarangeof
intervention techniques, from ‘Soft Systems’ approaches and Scenario
Thinking,enrichmanagementthinkingaboutstrategy.
David Farnham is Professor at the University of Portsmouth. He has
heldvisitingacademicappointmentsattheUniversitiesofGlamorgan,
ix
x NotesonContributors
Greenwich, East London, the Ecole Supérieure de Commerce Paris
and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. His current research interests
include new forms of employment relationship, the changing faces
of HRM, public management reform, diversity and theories of work,
management and employment. He is currently a chief examiner for a
professionalbody,aboardmemberofahousingassociation,aharbour
commissioner for a trust port and a trustee of a social enterprise, with
specialinterestsinHRpolicyandcorporategovernance.
Florence de Ferran joined the University of La Rochelle in 2008 as
an assistant professor. Prior to joining La Rochelle, she served in ESG
Paris Graduate School of Management, in Avignon and Aix-Marseille
Universities. She earned a Master and a PhD in Marketing from
IAE Aix-en-Provence Graduate School of Management. Her primary
researchinterestsincludeconsumerbehaviour,sociallyresponsiblebuy-
ing behaviour, and advanced data analysis. Prior to entering academe,
sheworkedinanadvertisingagency.
Rod Gunn was a principal lecturer in Quantitative Methods at
Glamorgan University Business School, where he carried out research
intotheuseofthewebinBusiness,CommerceandEducation.
Marion Hersh is a senior lecturer in the University of Glasgow. Her
researchinterestsrelatetotheuseoftechnologytoachievesocialchange
and include assistive technology for people for sensory impairments
andtechnologyandethicalissues.Sheorganisesaconferenceserieson
assistive technology for people with hearing and vision impairments.
Dr Hersh’s recent publications include a book on Mathematical Mod-
ellingforSustainableDevelopment,twoco-authoredbooksonAssistive
Technology for the Hearing Impaired, Deafblind and Deaf and Visu-
ally Impaired and Blind People and a presentation of and applications
of the Comprehensive Assistive Technology (CAT) model which she
co-developed.
Gabor Horvath is Senior Lecturer in Marketing at the Glamorgan
Business School. His research focuses on the extent to which present
web-designs reflect the different aesthetic expectations of the two gen-
ders, that is whether they were tailored to suit the preferences of the
targetmarkets.
KrzysztofKubackiisalecturerinMarketingattheSchoolofEconomic
and Management Studies, Keele University. He is a graduate of the
School of Music in Legnica, Poland, and before joining academia was