Professional Practice Standards

116 Pages·2017·5.23 MB·English

Professional Practice
Standards
VERSION 5 | 2017
PSA Australia’s peak body for pharmacists
© Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2017
This publication contains material that has been provided by the
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA), and may contain material
provided by the Commonwealth and third parties. Copyright in
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to them. PSA owns the copyright in the publication as a whole and
all material that has been developed by PSA. In relation to PSA
owned material, no part may be reproduced by any process except
in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth),
or the written permission of PSA. Requests and enquiries regarding
permission to use PSA material should be addressed to:
Pharmaceutical Society of Australia,
PO Box 42,
Deakin West ACT 2600.
Where you would like to use material that has been provided by the
Commonwealth or third parties, contact them directly.
Disclaimer
The Professional Practice Standards (PPS) is intended to provide
guidance on the expected standards of professional behaviour of
pharmacists towards individuals, the community and society. It has
been designed for use by individual pharmacists to assess their own
practice. It is the sole responsibility of the individual pharmacist to
determine, in all circumstances, how to apply the criteria and actions in
these standards.
The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia Ltd has made every effort to
ensure that, at the date of publication, this document is free from errors
and that advice and information drawn upon have been provided in
good faith. Neither the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia Ltd nor
any person associated with the preparation of this document accepts
liability for any loss which a user of this document may suffer as a result
of reliance on the document and in particular for:
• use of the PPS for a purpose for which it is not intended
• any errors or omissions in the PPS
• any inaccuracy in the information or data on which the PPS is based
or which are contained in them, or
• any interpretations or opinions stated in, or which may be inferred
from, the PPS.
Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in this document
should be made without delay in order that the issue may be
investigated and appropriate action taken.
Please forward notification to [email protected] or
[email protected]
ISBN:
Print      978-0-908185-04-7
Digital    978-0-908185-05-4
Title: Professional Practice Standards – Version 5 – June 2017
Edition: 5th
Date of Publication: June 2017
Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
Foreword
The publication of Professional Practice Standards (PPS), Version 5, represents the culmination of a comprehensive review
process involving many pharmacy and consumer organisations and an extensive range of subject matter experts across various
areas of pharmacy practice, as well as consultation with the wider pharmacy and medical professions. The resulting document is
a testament to the commitment of those involved to enhancing the quality of pharmacy practice in Australia.
This latest version of the PPS reflects the important role of pharmacists in the evolving healthcare sector. There is a renewed focus
on patient-centred collaborative care, and importantly, new standards detail emerging professional activities such as vaccination
and minor ailment services. The creation of four key streams in the document–Foundations of practice, Providing therapeutic
goods, Providing health information and Delivering professional services–clearly highlights the breadth of professional roles and
activities that contemporary pharmacists undertake. The standards have been endorsed by the Pharmacy Board of Australia.
We sincerely thank and acknowledge the work of all those involved in the review as part of the Project Advisory Group or
Standards Review Groups, as well as the numerous pharmacists and professional bodies who provided feedback and advice in
the public consultation period. These contributions have helped shape the PPS into a document that reflects both professional
requirements of contemporary pharmacist practice, and expectations of Australian healthcare consumers.
To pharmacists across the profession, familiarise yourself with these standards and use them to assess and guide your practice as
a means to optimising the contribution of the profession to improving the health of all Australians.

Grant Kardachi
Chair, Project Advisory Group
Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 3
Acknowledgements
The review of the Professional Practice Standards (PPS) has been funded by the Australian Government Department of Health
as part of the PBS Access and Sustainability Package including the Sixth Community Pharmacy Agreement. The work to update
the PPS has involved review by experts, public consultation and stakeholder feedback, and consensus of organisations and
individuals involved.
The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA) thanks all those involved in the review process and, in particular, gratefully
acknowledges the contribution of the following individuals and organisations.
Project Advisory Group
Grant Kardachi, Chair
Claire Bekema / Peter Halstead, Australian Pharmacy Council
Jenny Bergin, Australian College of Pharmacy
Bernard Borg Caruana, Consumers Health Forum of Australia
Bob Buckham, Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand
Michael Dooley, The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia
William Kelly, Pharmacy Board of Australia
Peter Little, Council of Pharmacy Schools: Australia and New Zealand Inc.
Mark Lock, Professional Pharmacists Australia
Grant Martin, Australian Association of Consultant Pharmacy
Shefali Parekh, National Australian Pharmacy Students’ Association
Christopher Parker, Australian Government Department of Health
Curtis Ruhnau, Pharmaceutical Defence Limited
Rick Samimi / Chris Flood, The Pharmacy Guild of Australia
Anne Todd, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
Standards Review Group Members
Karen Allen Stefanie Johnston Gerard Stevens
Rosemary Allin Heidi Karonen Bill Suen
Elise Apolloni Sue Kirsa Lyn Todd
Parisa Aslani Greg Kyle Helen Trenerry
Jeff Au Esther Lau Dimitra Tsucalas
Travis Bailey Andrew Matthews Sam Turner
Selena Boyd Therese McGuren Michael Ward
John Chapman Kevin McNamara Pene Wood
Gabrielle Cooper Omar Mubaslat Rodney Whyte
Ken Cox Irvine Newton
Shelley Crowther Marea Patounas PSA Project Team
Greg Duncan Neil Petrie Claire Antrobus
Sue Edwards Adam Phillips Anna Ezzy
Mark Feldschuh Stacey Putland Rose Nash
Christopher Freeman Debbie Rigby Trish Russell
Beverley Glass Krysti-Lee Rigby Kay Sorimachi
Ben Gilbert Daniel Roitman
Karalyn Huxhagen Robyn Saunders
Shane Jackson Judith Singleton
Robert Jamieson Andrew Sluggett
4 Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
Contents
Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
About PSA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Foundations of Practice
Standard 1: Fundamental Pharmacy Practice ................................................................................................................................................................................13
Standard 2: Leading and Managing Pharmacy Practice ..........................................................................................................................................................18
Providing Therapeutic Goods
Standard 3: Dispensing and Other Supply Arrangements .....................................................................................................................................................23
Standard 4: Provision of Non-prescription Medicines and Therapeutic Devices. ......................................................................................................30
Standard 5: Compounding ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................34
Providing Health Information
Standard 6: Medicines Information .....................................................................................................................................................................................................41
Standard 7: Health Promotion and Education ..............................................................................................................................................................................45
Standard 8: Counselling .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................48
Delivering Professional Services
Standard 9: Collaborative Care ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................52
Standard 10: Screening and Risk Assessment ...............................................................................................................................................................................57
Standard 11: Vaccination Service .........................................................................................................................................................................................................62
Standard 12: Minor Ailments Service .................................................................................................................................................................................................69
Standard 13: Disease State Management ........................................................................................................................................................................................73
Standard 14: Medication Review ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................78
Standard 15: Dose Administration Aid Service .............................................................................................................................................................................84
Standard 16: Harm Minimisation ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................91
Appendix 1: Comparison of standards in versions 4 and 5 of the Professional Practice Standards .....................................................................96
Appendix 2: Patient healthcare plan........................................................................................................................................................................................................97
Appendix 3: Template referral letter .......................................................................................................................................................................................................99
Appendix 4: Process for managing transitions of care ...............................................................................................................................................................100
Appendix 5: Adherence assessment tool .........................................................................................................................................................................................101
Appendix 6: The plan-do-study-act cycle ........................................................................................................................................................................................102
Appendix 7: Compounding decision support and risk assessment tool ........................................................................................................................103
Appendix 8: The healthcare team .........................................................................................................................................................................................................105
Appendix 9: Screening and risk assessment record and referral form ...............................................................................................................................106
Appendix 10: Summary of the history of the Professional Practice Standards .............................................................................................................107
Glossary .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................108
Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 5
Abbreviations
AEFI adverse event following immunisation
DAA dose administration aid
PBS Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme
PBA Pharmacy Board of Australia
PSA Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
PPS Professional Practice Standards
QUM quality use of medicines
SOP standard operating procedure
TGA Therapeutic Goods Administration
WHS work health and safety
6 Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
About PSA
The Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA) is recognised by the Australian Government as the peak national professional
pharmacy organisation. It represents Australia’s 29,000 pharmacists1 working in all sectors and locations.
PSA’s core functions relevant to pharmacists include:
• providing high-quality continuing professional development, education and practice support to pharmacists
• developing and advocating standards and guidelines to inform and enhance pharmacists’ practice
• representing pharmacists’ role as frontline healthcare professionals.
PSA is also a registered training organisation, and offers qualifications including certificate- and diploma-level courses tailored for
pharmacists, pharmacy assistants and interns.
Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 7
Introduction
Purpose and scope of the standards Furthermore, compliance with PSA’s Code of Ethics and PPS
is a requirement for pharmacists to be able to dispense and
supply medicines on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme,3,4
Pharmacists in Australia are facing new and evolving
and is relevant to the delivery of professional services by
challenges related to an increasingly complex healthcare
pharmacists.
system. In addressing these challenges, it is paramount
that pharmacists practise ethically and professionally at all
times, and know how to respond to the specific needs of Relationship of the standards to other
individuals and the community. Ethical, professional practice
guidance documents
is central to PSA’s vision of “improving our nation’s health
through excellence in the practice of pharmacy”.
The PPS sit within a broader hierarchy of guidance
The PSA’s Professional Practice Standards (PPS) articulate the underpinning and supporting the practice of pharmacists
expected standards of professional behaviour of pharmacists (see Figure 1).
in Australia. Pharmacists have an ethical and legal
commitment to the community to ensure safe and effective Figure 1. Broad hierarchy of guidance and regulation of
delivery of pharmacy services; the PPS enable the profession pharmacy practice
to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the commitment
to the quality and reliability of healthcare services and
Legislation –
products. A Commonwealth, state and territory
Pharmacy Board of Australia –
The PPS underpin the professional practice of all pharmacists Registration standards, codes and guidelines
B
in Australia, regardless of the role, scope, level or location of
Codes of ethics / codes of conduct
practice: C
Competency standards
• For those entering or planning to return to the D
profession, the PPS identify the basic professional Professional practice / quality standards
E
requirements of pharmacist care, and serve as a source of
Professional / practice guidelines
education and reflection.
F
• For those within the profession, the PPS serve as a
basis for pharmacists to monitor their own professional
conduct and that of their colleagues, and encourage Commonwealth, state and territory legislation forms the
involvement in professional services. foundation on which our practice is based. Pharmacists
• For those outside the profession, the PPS provide must fulfil legal obligations at all times, and no part
guidance for assessing or learning about the minimum of the PPS must be interpreted as permitting a breach
professional conduct expected of pharmacists. of the law or discouraging compliance with legal
requirements. If conflict arises between the legislation and
Note that the Pharmacy Board of Australia’s (the Board’s)
these standards, legislative requirements must be adhered to.
definition of ‘practice’ (adapted below) applies to the context
of the PPS.2 The Board is the registering authority of pharmacists in
Australia. The standards, guidelines and codes developed by
To practise as a pharmacist means undertaking any role,
the Board outline specific requirements for pharmacists to
whether remunerated or not, in which the individual
maintain their registration.
uses their skills and knowledge as a pharmacist in their
profession. Practice is not restricted to the provision of Further to our legal responsibilities, pharmacists are required
direct clinical care. It also includes working in a direct non- to apply codes relevant to their practice. These may include
clinical relationship with clients; working in management, the PSA Code of Ethics for pharmacists,5 the Society of Hospital
administration, education, research, advisory, regulatory or Pharmacists of Australia Code of Ethics6 and the Medicines
policy development roles, and any other roles that impact on Australia Code of Conduct.7 These codes state the principles
safe, effective delivery of services in the profession. by which pharmacists interact with patients, other healthcare
professionals and the community when delivering pharmacy
The Board endorses the PPS. It advises pharmacists to
services.
consider the relevance of the PPS to their own professional
practice and to be guided by appropriate standards of the The National Competency Standards Framework for
PPS, in the context of relevant legislation, codes, guidelines Pharmacists in Australia8 describes the skills, attitudes and
and other standards. In its role of public protection, the Board other attributes (including values and beliefs) attained by an
may refer to, or use, the PPS when considering complaints individual based on knowledge and experience that together
or notifications involving the conduct or behaviour of enable the individual to practise effectively as a pharmacist.
pharmacists. Breaches of these standards may result in
notification to the Board.
8 Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
In addition to competency, pharmacists must also focus on Structure of the standards
delivering services that are consistent and of a high quality.
The PPS relate to the systems, procedures and information
The 16 individual standards in the PPS are grouped into
used by pharmacists to achieve a level of conformity and
streams – Foundations of Practice, Providing Therapeutic
uniformity in their practice. They allow pharmacists to reflect
Goods, Providing Health Information and Delivering
on, and measure, their professional practice. They also serve
Professional Services – to promote clarity and help
as a self-assessment quality improvement tool for members
practitioners to navigate the document (see Figure 2).
of the profession to meet appropriate standards for the
professional services they provide, and to make efficient and The streams in the document are hierarchical. The
effective use of resources. There is an inherent assumption two standards in the Foundations of Practice stream –
that pharmacists using the PPS are competent. Personal Fundamental Pharmacy Practice, and Leading and Managing
competence and the adoption of such standards are both Pharmacy Practice – are overarching, and apply to all
required to ensure that professional services deliver optimal pharmacists, regardless of setting or scope of practice.
health outcomes. The standards in the Providing Therapeutic Goods and
Providing Health Information streams detail key functions
Finally, practice guidelines can support pharmacists and their
of pharmacists relevant to the provision of activities
staff in the implementation of quality professional services.
and services covered by the standards in the Delivering
Practice guidelines are generally service- or activity-specific,
Professional Services stream. The Collaborative Care standard
and provide detailed information about how best to deliver
applies to all other standards.
services consistent with professional standards.
Individual standards are interrelated, with links made
Each of these documents provides pharmacists with the
between standards that have similar criteria and actions.
guidance and framework required to practise pharmacy in a
Each standard should be applied in conjunction with all
professional and ethical manner. This ensures that pharmacy
related standards; any specific criteria or actions identified
services are delivered to expected standards, and benefit the
should be given particular consideration.
health and wellbeing of patients.
A comparison of the standards in version 4 (2010) and
version 5 (2017) of the PPS is presented at Appendix 1.
Figure 2. Structure of the standards
Professional Practice Standards Version 5
Collaborative Providing
Care Therapeutic Goods
Delivering
Professional
Services
Providing
Health
Information
Foundations
of Practice
Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 9
Using the standards
Stream: Four key
Foundations of Practice streams have been
developed based
Standard: The
on professional
standard statement
describes Standard 1: Fundamental Pharmacy Practice Stan roles and activities:
the expected The pharmacist displays professional and ethical behaviour, dard Foundations
professional maimaisn ttaoi nasc hthieev ep athtiee nqtu’sa rliitgyh ut steo opfr imvaecdyi cainndes c toon pfirdoemntoitaeli thye, aalnthd and 1: Fun oPrf oPvriadcitnicge ,
bpehharamviaocuirs tosf in wellbeing. damen Therapeutic
relation to an Background and scope tal Ph Goods,
activity or service. arm Providing Health
Background and Pparrineelhal ms mtaatirresuiampcnnntetaeea-ccrcgdatyese t tn pemootdr frate ephocndehtrti ,accn pareaormdr otmem,va ,i iucncisnysui owti lsp tnbthurr eaioarcac tfuh iltod ni sctniadhree,fee eeacr tidctpyn ruci,do nelcisinnvvaseiiti ddcaidoaeul lnlb na hc,ylc e ra ueepars-eslrbeteo.h saaIft cesrt caeahshrsdlesei, ooi prasn residnaaktvclctiiilistlslnusimoc gdare syena .,a s ndIrn newd kd g tnoe hutorthelkhawe iictnc looqegarnudl y itbagn eole eixatrh ty apd a osuovi rfasile oite ccphu ytohir s ,nfda asmoretnmnvaeden-ad cldcsoilhciiapsniortnmid cuie,na lespdl n t(r rhrQtaee eclrUflaoitrteiMl ciepcoe)strn. ;o T mpsahfherneiisisndpa ssc ni atowispann i“nlyta”e hd anso a nyctorh dldrfie eo “einirlssqe t r r,unso ew;iol lteweyths v,oe tarthnkhaitent tr go acy Practice IaPnnrfodof Dremseslaiiovtienoraniln g
impact on safe, effective delivery of services in the profession”.1
scope: Background As a foundation standard, this standard should be used in conjunction with all other standards in this document, noting the Services.
broader hierarchy of guidance underpinning and supporting the practice of pharmacists (Figure 1, p. 7).
and scope provides
background Criteria to achieve the Fundamental Pharmacy Practice Standard
information to
the standard, Ethics and
professionalism
the context
Communication Privacy and
including the role and collaboration confidentiality
of the pharmacist,
raenldev haingth dliegfihntsit ions Evidpernaccet-ibceased Patiencta-rceentred Cualtneuqdru ahale lsaiatlytfeht y
where the
standards should Qumaelidtyic uinsees of Documentation
be used in Continuity of
care
conjunction with
other standards.
Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 13
Overview of criteria: Criteria within individual standards are grouped into
thematic areas.
As displayed by this schema, patient-centred care is central to the delivery of all
activities and services.
10 Professional Practice Standards » Version 5 » 2017 » © Pharmaceutical Society of Australia