Professional English (профессиональный английский): учебное пособие

43 Pages·2015·0.616 MB·Russian

by  Пристаев В. Х.

МИНИСТЕРСТВО СПОРТА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
ЧАЙКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Кафедра философии и социально-гуманитарных наук

В.Х. Пристаев

Professional English
(профессиональный английский)

Учебное пособие

для магистрантов направления 49.04.01 «Физическая культура»
очной и заочной форм обучения

Чайковский, 2015
УДК 811
ББК 81.2 Англ
П 77

Рецензент: ст.преподаватель кафедры философии и социально-гуманитарных наук
Чайковского государственного института физической культуры Селиванова Е.Г.

Печатается по решению учебно-методического Совета
Чайковского государственного института физической культуры.
Протокол № 04 от 24.12.2014 г.

П 77 Пристаев В.Х.
Professional English (профессиональный английский): учебное пособие /
В.Х. Пристаев. - Чайковский: ФГБОУ ВПО ЧГИФК, 2015. - 43 с.

Учебное пособие предназначено для магистрантов очной и заочной форм обучения
и разработано на основании федерального государственного стандарта высшего
профессионального образования, утвержденного приказом Министерства образования и
науки Российской Федерации.
В учебном пособии представлены такие разделы: физическое воспитание (Physical
Education), компьютерные технологии в исследовательской работе (Computer technologies
in doing research), реферирование (Summarizing), аннотация (Abstract writing).

УДК 811
ББК 81.2 Англ

© Пристаев В.Х., 2015
© ФГБОУВПО ЧГИФК, 2015

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4
PART I. PHYSICAL EDUCATION ......................................................................................... 5
UNIT ONE. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ............................................................ 5
UNIT TWO. VALUES OF EXERCISE ..................................................................................... 9
UNIT THREE. VALUES OF EXERCISE ............................................................................... 12
UNIT FOUR. COACH IS THE CENTRE OF SPORTS .......................................................... 16
UNIT FIVE. COACH IS THE CENTRE OF SPORTS ............................................................ 19
UNIT SIX. COACH IS THE CENTRE OF SPORTS .............................................................. 22
UNIT SEVEN. SPORTIVE TRAINING AND COACHING ................................................... 27
PART II. COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES IN DOING RESEARCH ...................................... 31
PART III. SUMMARIZING .................................................................................................... 34
PART IV. ABSTRACT WRITING .......................................................................................... 38
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ .............................................................. 42

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INTRODUCTION

Предлагаемое учебное пособие предназначено для магистрантов очной и заочной
форм обучения.
Целью пособия является развитие коммуникативных умений и навыков различных
видов речевой деятельности, а также навыков аннотирования и реферирования научной
литературы.
Пособие состоит из четырёх разделов, каждый из которых включает несколько
оригинальных текстов по теме раздела, а также комплекс условно- речевых и речевых
упражнений, образцы коммуникативных ситуаций диалогической и монологической
речи, что отвечает принципам современной коммуникативной методики.
При отборе текстов автор стремился к тому, чтобы каждый текст носил
общенаучный характер и был насыщен лексикой, связанной с научной работой.
Активный лексический и грамматический минимум определяется темами пособия.

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PART I. PHYSICAL EDUCATION

UNIT ONE. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

I Предтекстовые задания
1 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и назовите их русские
эквиваленты.
ˊphysical, athˊletic, ˊmotor, ˊsocial, aesˊthetic, ˊextra, ˊmedical, ͵recreˊational, peripheral
[рəˊrifər(ə)1], ˊmuscular;
ˊphase, acˊtivity, ˊexercise, ˊmuscle, ͵contriˊbution, ˊstudent, ˊcategory, ͵indiˊvidual,
͵recreˊation, ˊreservoir, ˊorgan, ˊperson, inˊstruction, ˊstrategy, co͵opeˊration, iˊdeal, ˊstatus,
͵termiˊnology, ˊinterest.
2 Переведите словосочетания, включающие интернациональные слова.
physical education, athletic competition, motor skills, social objectives, aesthetic
objectives, extra effort, medical fact, peripheral vision, rhythmical muscular coordination,
phase of education, to build up the muscles, to make contribution to, measure of physical
fitness, to participate in recreation, reservoir of endurance, with the help of instruction, the
strategy of the game, habits of loyalty, habits of cooperation, knowledge of terminology, sports
interest.
3 Запомните следующие слова и переведите словосочетания, данные к ним.
1 оbjective [əbˊdʒektiv] n цель, задача; social objectives;
2 concern [kənˊsə:n] v заниматься, интересоваться; касаться; concerned [kənˊsə:nd]
а связанный с чём-л.; concerned with the teaching of skills;
3 muscle [ˊmʌsl] n мышца, мускул; a muscle builder; to build up some muscles;
muscular [ˊmʌskjulə] а мышечный, мускульный; muscular coordination;
4 contribution [͵kɔntriˊbju:ʃ(ə)n] п вклад; to make a contribution to = to contribute to;
5 benefit [ˊbenifit] n польза, благо; преимущество; to receive benefit from smth;
6 fitness [ˊfitnis] n подготовленность (к чему-л.); выносливость,
натренированность; physical fitness; the achievement of some measure of physical fitness;
7 aesthetic [i:sˊѲetik] а эстетический; aesthetic objectives;
8 appreciation [ə͵pri:ʃiˊeiʃ(ə)n] n оценка (по достоинству), признательность;
appreciate v оценивать; to appreciate the full value of sport;
9 load [loud] n нагрузка; work load;
10 recreation [͵rekriˊeiʃ(ə)n] n отдых, восстановление; to participate in recreation with
enjoyment;
11 endurance [inˊdjuər(ə)ns] n выносливость; to have a reservoir [ˊrezəvwa:] of
endurance;
12 demand [diˊma:nd] v требовать; to demand extra effort; syn. to require;
13 wisely [ˊwaizli] adv разумно; exercise used wisely;
14 capable [ˊkeipəbl] а способный; to be capable of doing smth;
15 strain [strein] n напряжение, нагрузка; to take more strain; to be capable of taking
more strain;
16 disease [diˊzi:z] n заболевание; physical disease; syn. Illness;
17 health [helѲ] n здоровье; mental health; physical health;
18 spirit [ˊspirit] n душа, дух; настроение; refreshed in spirit; the spirit of fair play;
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19 skill [skil] n умение; motor skills; the skills of swimming; to learn the skills
овладевать умениями; to learn the skills necessary for participating in sport;
20 acquire [əˊkwaiə] v приобретать, овладевать, получать; to acquire safety skills; to
acquire knowledge of strategy;
21 mental [ˊmentl] а умственный, душевный; mental content; mental illness.
4 Соедините слова из списков а) и б) в пары антонимов.
а) 1. constructively, 2. wise, 3. limited, 4. mental, 5. to retain;
б) 1. unwise, 2. unlimited, 3. destructively, 4. physical, 5. to lose.
5 Соедините слова из списков а) и б) в пары синонимов.
а) 1. vital, 2. objective, 3. disease, 4. to demand, 5. to receive, 6. to concern with;
б) 1. to acquire, 2. purpose, 3. illness, 4. to be connected,5. important, 6. to require.
6 Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний.
социальные задачи; связанный с формированием навыков; мышечная координация;
внести вклад в; извлекать пользу из; физическая подготовленность; эстетические цели;
оценить важность спорта; рабочая нагрузка; с удовольствием участвовать в активном
отдыхе; иметь запас выносливости; требовать дополнительных усилий; дух честной
игры; двигательные навыки; овладевать знаниями стратегии игры.
II Задания к тексту
1 Ознакомьтесь с заглавием и подзаголовками текста. Прочитайте введение и
скажите, какое из данных ниже предложений наиболее точно передает основное
содержание текста.
1 The text is about the contribution of physical education to the education of an
individual.
2 The text is about objectives of physical education which are considered under five
categories such as physical fitness, motor skills, knowledge, social and aesthetic objectives and
the benefits one may receive from physical education.
3 The text is about the role of social objectives in the education of the individual.
TEXT. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Introduction. Physical education is the phase of education, concerned with the teaching
of skills, knowledge and habits in activities dealing with body movement (1). Physical
education is more than exercise, more than a muscle builder, it is more than athletic
competition. Physical education is education. Consequently it makes a great contribution to the
all-round development and education of students.
The benefits one may receive from physical education are closely connected with the
objectives of physical education which are considered here under five categories: physical
fitness, motor skills, knowledge, social and aesthetic (or appreciation) objectives. Therefore the
discussion that follows includes both the objectives and benefits (values) of physical education.
Physical fitness objectives. By its very nature, physical education’s chief contribution to
the education of an individual is in the area of physical namely the achievement of some
measure of physical fitness. Physical fitness means the ability to carry one’s work load with
ease, to participate in recreation with enjoyment, to have a reservoir of endurance in the cases
that demand extra effort.
Properly directed physical activity helps maintain the body in good health. It is a well-
known medical fact that exercise, used wisely, helps keep body from getting into the state of
lowered resistance (2). Besides it builds up the muscles and vital organs of the body so that
they are capable of taking more strain.
Health is more than freedom from physical disease. It includes mental health. One of
physical education’s greatest contributions to health is in this area. Participation in sport or
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game takes one’s thoughts away from oneself. Life’s troubles and problems are forgotten for
the moment and the participant emerges from the game tired in body but refreshed in spirit (3).
Motor skills objectives. In order to enjoy going in for sports a person is to learn the skills
necessary for participating in sports and other recreational activities. The road to learning skills
can be shortened with the help of guidance and instruction.
In addition students should strive to acquire certain safety skills such as the skills of
swimming, lifesaving, protecting the body from falling, peripheral vision, coordination of mind
with body and many others one’s life depends on.
Knowledge objectives. At first glance, it may seem that there is little mental content in
physical education. Quite the contrary is the truth. Before one can learn to play a game, he must
learn the rules. Once he knows the rules, he will be interested in acquiring knowledge of the
strategy of the game or sport. In some situations knowledge of strategy facilitates the makings
of split-second decisions. One should also learn much about health precautions of exercise to
avoid strains and pains and to enjoy taking up sports.
Social objectives. Physical education offers unlimited opportunities for fulfilling the
broad social objectives of education. The social objectives in education are concerned with
learning standards of human conduct and a person’s acquiring traits of loyalty, cooperation,
initiative, self-control, self-discipline, which may be summed up in one ideal in sport, namely,
sportsmanship. In sports activities an individual learns to give credit where credit is due, he
learns how to take defeats as well as victories, how to react properly and get along with people.
In sports he must learn to play the game according to the rules and the spirit of fair play (4) if
he wishes to retain his self-respect and status among his fellow men and to be successful in
sports. All this allows to believe that physical education makes a significant contribution to
education of an individual as any other subject.
Aesthetic (or appreciation) objectives. In the field of physical education, the aesthetic
objectives may be confined to three general areas: (a) appreciation of exercise and its aesthetic
effect on the body; (b) appreciation of sports and (c) appreciation of the wise use of leisure.
Everybody admires a person who walks with grace and ease, moves effortlessly, and
maintains a youthful figure. The individual who holds his head high, talks with forcefulness,
possesses rhythmical muscular coordination, agility and skill, is indeed one to be envied.
It is not to be denied that to appreciate the full value of sports requires a certain amount of
knowledge about sports: rules, strategy, terminology.
It is known that people can use their time either constructively or destructively, wisely or
unwisely. A primary objective of physical education is to impart to the students a philosophy of
the wise use of leisure time. Students must be aware of the vital part that wholesome sports and
recreation can play in the enjoyment of a full life. It is the purpose of physical education to
teach students sports skills and sports interests that will become a permanent part of their
everyday adult life.
Пояснения к тексту
1 habits in activities dealing with body movement – навыки, необходимые для
деятельности, связанной с движением тела;
2 helps keep body from getting into the state of lowered resistance – позволяет
сохранить сопротивляемость организма;
3 emerges from the game tired in body but refreshed in spirit – чувствует себя
после игры усталый телом, но бодрый духом;
4 and the spirit of fair play – и духом честной игры.
2 Найдите в тексте определения понятий «физическое воспитание» и
«физическая подготовленность» и ответьте на вопросы:
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1 What is physical education concerned with?
2 What is ʻphysical fitness’?
3 Найдите в тексте абзац, в котором говорится о влиянии физических
упражнений на здоровье человека, и объясните, почему занятия физической культурой и
спортом положительно влияют на физическое и психическое состояние человека.
4 Прочитайте часть текста, озаглавленную"Motor skills objectives", и ответьте
на вопрос: Why is it very important to learn motor skills when participating in sports and other
recreational activities?
5 Найдите абзац, в котором говорится о том, какие преимущества дает знание
правил и стратегии игры. Выскажите ваши мнения по данному вопросу.
6 а) Найдите абзац, в котором раскрываются возможности физического
воспитания в реализации социальных задач воспитания личности, б) Выпишите слова,
раскрывающие понятие ʻsocial objectivesʼ. в) Ответьте на вопрос: What are social
objectives in education concerned with? г) Переведите последнее предложение этого
абзаца. Скажите, согласны ли вы с данным выводом. Аргументируйте ваше мнение
примерами из текста.
7 Прочитайте и переведите часть текста, озаглавленную "Aesthetic (or
appreciation) objectives". Ответьте на вопросы:
1 How many areas may the aesthetic objectives be confined to?
2 Why is it important to learn to be expert in the three areas: (a) appreciation of exercise
and its athletic effect on the body, (b) appreciation of sports, (c) appreciation of the wise use of
leisure?
III Послетекстовые задания
1 Выберите утверждения, соответствующие содержанию текста.
Аргументируйте ваш выбор.
1 What are the main objectives of physical education?
a) motor skills; b) social and aesthetic; c) physical fitness, motor skills, knowledge, social
and aesthetic.
2 What is physical education’s chief contribution to the education of an individual
in the area of physical?
a) to build up muscles; b) the attainment of a high level of physical fitness; c) helps keep
the body from getting into the state of lowered resistance.
3 Why is physical exercise helpful in treating certain types of mental diseases?
a) participation in a sport takes one’s thoughts away from oneself; b) physical activity
helps maintain the body in good health; c) mental illness demands extra effort.
4 In order to enjoy any physical activity a person must:
a) learn the skills necessary for this sport or recreational activity with the help of
guidance or instruction; b) learn the necessary skills on his own; c) know only certain safety
skills.
5 The social objectives in education are concerned with:
a) teaching standards of right ideals and of human behavior (conduct); b) such qualities as
self-discipline and initiative only; c) acquiring the quality of loyalty.
2 Суммируйте информацию, полученную в результате выполнения задания 1, и
кратко перескажите основное содержание текста "Objectives of Physical Education".
3 Прочитайте каждое предложение. Выразите согласие или аргументированное
несогласие с данными высказываниями, используя разговорные формулы, приведенные ниже.
1 Physical education can make a contribution to all the phases of individual
development.
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2 Physical exercise is not a means of curing disease but it is a means of building up the
muscles and vital organs of the body.
3 To enjoy any physical activity a person must learn the skills necessary for going in for it.
4 Any game or sport implies learning and acquiring knowledge of strategy.
5 Participation in physical activities changes the social conduct of athletes.
6 In sports life a person may learn valuable lessons to get along together.
____________________________
1 I agree entirely.
2 I agree in the whole.
3 I cannot make up my mind.
4 I disagree on the whole.
5 I disagree entirely.

UNIT TWO. VALUES OF EXERCISE

I Предтекстовые задания
1 Прочитайте следующие интернациональные слова и назовите их русские
эквиваленты.
͵Indiˊvidual, ˊsystem, ˊperson, efˊfect, fact, ˊminute, pulse, ˊmarathon, ˊdistance, ˊsprinter,
ˊmuscle, ˊmechanism, ˊproduct, ˊappetite, ͵hemoˊglobin, ͵circuˊlation, ͵respiˊration,
co͵ordiˊ'nation, ͵relaˊxation;
͵Characteˊristic, efˊfective, ͵fundaˊmental, 'regular, ͵physioˊlogical, ˊmuscular, trained,
ˊregulating, ͵neuro-ˊmuscular, ͵periˊstaltic, eˊlastic, ˊcirculatory, ˊgeneral.
2 Переведите словосочетания, включающие интернациональные слова.
muscular system, regular exercise, normal individual, trained athlete, respiratory system,
peristaltic action, muscle groups, elastic muscles, neuro-muscular tension, waste products,
circulatory system, general effect.
3 Запомните следующие слова и переведите словосочетания, данные к ним.
1 value [ˊvælju:] n ценность, важность; to be of value; value of exercise;
2 meet v отвечать, соответствовать (требованиям); to meet requirements; syn. to suit;
3 expend [iksˊpend] v тратить, расходовать; to expend energy on smth;
4 circulation [͵sə:kjuˊlei∫(e)n] n циркуляция (крови); improved circulation; to speed up
circulation; circulatory а кровеносный; circulatory system;
5 pump v (out) выкачивать, откачивать; to pump out a greater volume of blood;
6 pulse n пульс; pulse rate;
7 heart beat удары сердца; rate of heart beat;
8 aid [eid] v помогать, содействовать; to aid digestion; aid n помощь, содействие;
syn. assistance, help;
9 blood [blʌd] n кровь; blood supply; blood cell; blood pressure;
10 assure [eˊ∫ue] v обеспечивать, гарантировать; to assure improvement in;
11 evaporation [i͵væpəˊrei∫(ə)n] n испарение; to increase evaporation;
12 respiration [͵respiˊrei∫(ə)n] n дыхание; the rate of respiration; to have a slower or
deeper respiration; respiratory а дыхательный; respiratory system;
13 digestion [diˊdӡest∫(ə)n] n пищеварение; усвоение пищи; to aid digestion; digestive
а пищеварительный; digestive organs;
14 abdominal [æbˊdɔminl] а брюшной; abdominal muscles; abdomen n живот; sagging
9
abdomen; flabby abdomen;
15 agility[əˊdӡiliti] n ловкость, подвижность; to increase agility;
16 fatigue [fəˊti:g] n утомление, усталость; to retard the onset of fatigue.
4 Соедините слова из списков а) и б) в пары антонимов.
а) 1. regular, 2. trained, 3. common, 4. fast, 5. high, 6. long;
б) 1. untrained, 2. slow, 3, low, 4. short, 5. irregular, 6. uncommon.
5 Найдите в каждом ряду слов с одинаковым корнем то слово, перевод которого
дан в начале ряда.
циркуляция circulate, circulatory, circulation
координация coordinate, coordination, coordinating
пищеварение digest, digestion, digestive
дыхание respiratory, respire, respiration
релаксация relaxation, relax, relaxed
6 Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих русских словосочетаний.
Представлять ценность; важность (значение) упражнения; отвечать требованиям;
тратить энергию на; улучшенная циркуляция; ускорять циркуляцию; выкачивать
большой объем крови; частота пульса; частота биения сердца; помогать (содействовать)
пищеварению; клетки крови; обеспечивать улучшение; увеличивать испарение
(потоотделение); система органов дыхания; частота дыхания; отвислый живот; мышцы
брюшной полости (живота); органы пищеварения; замедлять наступление усталости.
II Задания к тексту
1 Прочитайте и переведите название текста и подзаголовков к его частям.
Скажите, какую информацию вы предполагаете получить из данного текста.
TEXT. PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUES OF EXERCISE
1 Introduction. Life is activity. Movement is characteristic of all types of life. Once
movement ceases, so does life. The scientific opinion today is that exercise is of value to most
individuals. It is further agreed that exercise, to be effective, should meet certain fundamental
requirements. It must be regular, enjoyable, vigorous, and suited to the individual, because not
all people have the same general abilities or capacities. Neither can everybody engage in the
same sports or recreations. A person should select those activities which are best suited to his
needs and individual preference.
One common benefit of exercise is the improvement of efficiency of the vital organs and
the muscular system. The physically trained person will, in his everyday pursuit, expend
proportionally less energy and put less strain on his body than the physically untrained
individual. Another general effect of regular exercise is that it helps promote the growth and
development of different body parts. There are many other physiological benefits of regular
exercise that will be discussed briefly.
2 Improved circulation. Exercise serves to promote better circulation throughout the
entire body. This results in part from the fact that the heart pumps out a greater volume of
blood with fewer strokes per minute. For example, the pulse or rate of heart beat for the normal
individual under ordinary circumstances is between 70 and 80. For the trained athlete a pulse
about 60 is not uncommon; in many cases it may be about 50 or 40. Training in the endurance
type of activities usually results in a lower pulse rate than training in speed or strength type of
activities. For example, in a study of track and field champions it was found that marathon
runners on the average had a pulse rate of 59, long distance men of 61, middle distance runners
of 63 and sprinters of 66. Activities that develop muscular strength, like weightlifting, do not
have such a remarkable effect on the circulatory system as the above type of activities, and
therefore should be accompanied by some form of endurance exercise such as running.
10