Production of hydrogen from renewable resources.

375 Pages·2015·8.801 MB·English

by  Z. Fang, R. L. Smith, Jr., X. Qi (Eds.)

Biofuels and Biorefi neries 5
Zhen Fang
Richard L. Smith, Jr.
Xinhua Qi Editors
Production of
Hydrogen from
Renewable
Resources
Biofuels and Biorefineries
Volume 5
Editor-in-Chief
Professor Zhen Fang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
Editorial Board Members
Professor Liang-shih Fan, Ohio State University, USA;
Professor John R. Grace, University of British Columbia, Canada;
Professor Yonghao Ni, University of New Brunswick, Canada;
Professor Norman R. Scott, Cornell University, USA;
Professor Richard L. Smith, Jr., Tohoku University, Japan
Aims and Scope of the Series
TheBiofuelsandBiorefineriesSeriesaimsatbeingacomprehensiveandintegrated
reference for biomass, bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. The Series provides
leadingglobalresearchadvancesandcriticalevaluationsofmethodsforconverting
biomass into biofuels and chemicals. Scientific and engineering challenges in
biomass production and conversion are covered that show technological advances
andapproachesforcreatingnewbio-economiesinaformatthatissuitableforboth
industrialists and environmental policy decision-makers.
The Biofuels and Biorefineries Series provides readers with clear and
concisely-written chapters that are peer-reviewed on significant topics in biomass
production,biofuels,bio-products, chemicals,catalysts,energypolicy, economics
and processing technologies. The text covers major fields in plant science, green
chemistry, economics and economy, biotechnology, microbiology, chemical
engineering, mechanical engineering and energy.
Series Description
Annual global biomass production is about 220 billion dry tons or 4,500 EJ,
equivalent to 8.3 times the world’s energy consumption in 2014 (543 EJ). On the
other hand, world-proven oil reserves at the end of 2011 reached 1652.6 billion
barrels, which can only meet 54.2 years of global production. Therefore,
alternative resources are needed to both supplement and replace fossil oils as the
raw material for transportation fuels, chemicals and materials in petroleum-based
industries. Renewable biomass is a likely candidate, because it is prevalent over
theEarthandisreadilyconvertedtootherproducts.Comparedwithcoal,someof
the advantages of biomass are: (i) its carbon-neutral and sustainable nature when
properly managed; (ii) its reactivity in biological conversion processes; (iii) its
potentialtoproducebio-oil(ca.yieldsof75%)byfastpyrolysisbecauseofitshigh
oxygen content; (iv) its low sulphur and lack of undesirable contaminants (e.g.
metals, nitrogen content) (v) its wide geographical distribution and (vi) its
potential for creating jobs and industries in energy crop productions and
conversion plants. Many researchers, governments, research institutions and
industries are developing projects for converting biomass including forest woody
and herbaceous biomass into chemicals, biofuels and materials and the race is on
for creating new “biorefinery” processes needed for future economies. The
development of biorefineries will create remarkable opportunities for the forestry
sector, biotechnology, materials, chemical processing industry, and stimulate
advances in agriculture. It will help to create a sustainable society and industries
that use renewable and carbon-neutral resources.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11687
Zhen Fang (cid:129) Richard L. Smith, Jr. (cid:129) Xinhua Qi
Editors
Production of Hydrogen
from Renewable Resources
Editors
ZhenFang RichardL.Smith,Jr.
ChineseAcademyofSciences TohokuUniversity
XishuangbannaTropical Sendai,Japan
BotanicalGarden
Kunming,China
XinhuaQi
NankaiUniversity
Tianjin,China
ISSN2214-1537 ISSN2214-1545 (electronic)
BiofuelsandBiorefineries
ISBN978-94-017-7329-4 ISBN978-94-017-7330-0 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-94-017-7330-0
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015955605
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2015
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Preface
Asacleanenergycarrierwithhighenergycapacity,hydrogenhasthepotentialto
supplementorreplacetraditionalfossilfuelsinthenearfuture.Theuseofrenew-
ablebiomassresourcesfrommanydifferentsubstratesforhydrogenproductionis
receiving much attention for innovative and robust processes that demonstrate
hydrogenproduction.Thistextprovides state-of-the-artreviews,currentresearch,
andprospectsofproducinghydrogenbyfermentation,electrochemical,bioelectro-
chemical,gasification,pyrolysis,andsolartechniquesfrommanypossiblebiomass
resources.Hydrogenseparation,storage,andapplicationsarealsocovered.
ThisbookisthefifthbookoftheseriesentitledBiofuelsandBiorefineries,andit
contains12chapterscontributedbyleadingexpertsinthefield.Thetextisarranged
intofourkeyareas:
PartI:Bioconversion(Chapters1,2,and3)
PartII:Thermoconversion(Chapters4,5,6,and7)
PartIII:ElectrochemicalandSolarConversions(Chapters8,9,and10)
PartIV:SeparationsandApplicationswithFuelCells(Chapters11and12)
Chapter1focusesonthetechnologicalbackgroundofdarkfermentativehydro-
genproductionfromlignocellulosicbiomass.Chapter2givesanintroductiontothe
feedstocks, primary technologies, feedstock pretreatment methods, microorgan-
isms, fermenter, types and operational conditions for producing biohydrogen.
Chapter3 presents invitro synthetic (enzymatic) pathwaysthat can provide high-
yieldproductionofbiohydrogenfromcarbohydratesandwater.Chapter4focuses
on the analysis of gasification processes and investigation on the possible options
forhydrogenproductionfromtheproductgasstreamsfromagasificationprocess.
Chapter5providesanoverviewofdifferentcatalyticroutesforproducinghydrogen
from biomass via pyrolysis processes. Chapter 6 describes techniques for the
production of hydrogen by hydrocarbon decarbonization. Chapter 7 focuses on
innovative technology that generates hydrogen by supercritical water gasification
of biomass-related compounds and various biomass sources such as glucose,
v
vi Preface
cellulose, lignin, alcohols, industrial wastewaters and sewage sludge. Chapter 8
reviews the principles, status, and progress in the electrochemical hydrogen pro-
ductionprocessbywaterelectrolysissuchaslowtemperaturealkalineelectrolysis
cells and polymer exchange membrane electrolysis cells. Chapter 9 deals with
development of microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) technology and introduces
critical factors affecting MEC performance, anodic biocatalysts and technical
challenges, and provides perspectives and outlooks on hydrogen production from
organic waste. Chapter 10 summarizes the current status of solar-aided hydrogen
productiontechnologies,withspecialemphasisonhightemperaturethermochem-
icalconcepts.Chapter11reviewsthecarbondioxideandhydrogensulfide-selective
facilitated transport membranes for low-pressure and high-pressure applications.
Chapter 12 covers recent findings on hydrogen generation from reforming pro-
cessesofbioresourcescombinedwithmembranereactortechnology.
Thetextprovidescurrentresearchandprospectsofproducinghydrogenbybio-,
thermal,andelectrochemicalmethods.Hydrogenseparation,storage,andapplica-
tions are also covered. The text should be of interest to students, researchers,
academicians,andindustrialistsintheareasofenergy,environmentalandchemical
sciences, engineering, resource development, biomass processing, sustainability,
andthehydrogeneconomy.
Acknowledgments
Firstandforemost,wewouldliketocordiallythankallthecontributingauthorsfor
their great efforts in writing the chapters and insuring the reliability of the infor-
mation given in their chapters. Their contributions have really made this project
realizable.
Apart from the efforts of authors, we would also like to acknowledge the
individuals listed below for carefully reading the book chapters and giving con-
structive comments that significantly improvedthe qualityof many aspects of the
chapters:
ProfHidayetArgun,PamukkaleUniversity,Turkey
Dr.MarcelloDeFalco,Universit(cid:1)aCampusBio-Medico,Italy
Dr.A´ngelaNuriaGarcia,UniversidaddeAlicante,Spain
Prof.A´ngelPe´rez-NavarroG(cid:3)omez,PolytechnicUniversityofValencia,Spain
Prof.JohnR.Grace,theUniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada
Prof.JosephineM.Hill,UniversityofCalgary,Canada
Prof.Ju¨rgenKarl,FriedrichAlexanderUniversita¨tErlangen-Nu¨rnberg,Germany
Dr.JungRaeKim,PusanNationalUniversity(PNU),Korea
Prof.MasaharuKomiyama,UniversityofYamanashi,Japan
Mrs. Efthymia-Ioanna Koytsoumpa, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe
GmbH,Germany
Dr.Hai-QingLin,UniversityatBuffalo,StateUniversityofNewYork,USA
Prof.G.GlennLipscomb,UniversityofToledo,Italy
Dr.HongLiu,OregonStateUniversity,USA
Prof.Tian-GangLiu,WuhanUniversity,China
Dr.YoujunLu,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,China
Dr.Ade´lioMendes,UniversidadedoPorto,Portugal
Mr. Theodoros Papadopoulos, Siemens AG, Corporate Technology Research and
TechnologyCenter,Germany
Dr.AlissaraReungsang,KhonKaenUniversity(KKU),Thailand
Prof.TheodoreT.Tsotsis,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,USA
vii
viii Acknowledgments
Prof.ShigeyukiUemiya,GifuUniversity,Japan
Prof.KrzysztofUrbaniec,WarsawUniversityofTechnology,Poland
Dr.FrancescaVarsano,ItalianNationalAgencyforNewTechnologies,Energyand
SustainableEconomicDevelopment(ENEA),Italy
Prof.LionelVayssieres,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,China
Prof. Shao-Rong Wang, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences,China
Prof.ZhiWang,TianjinUniversity,China
Prof.ThomasWetzel,KarlsruherInstitutfu¨rTechnologie(KIT),Germany
Dr.WalterWukovits,TechnischeUniversita¨tWien,Austria
Prof.Guo-MinXiao,SoutheastUniversity,China
Dr.Yun-FeiYan,ChongqingUniversity,China
Prof.Shu-ZhongZhan,SouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,China
Prof.Jian-JiangZhong,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China
We are also grateful to Ms. Becky Zhao (senior editor) and Ms. Abbey Huang
(editorial assistant) for their encouragement, assistance, and guidance during the
preparationofthebook.
Finally,wewouldliketoexpressourdeepestgratitude towardourfamiliesfor
theirlove,understanding,andencouragement,whichhelpedusinthecompletionof
thisproject.
June19,2015inKunming
(ZhenFang)
June19,2015inSendai
(RichardL.Smith,Jr.)
June19,2015inTianjin
(XinhuaQi)
Contents
PartI Bioconversion
1 DarkFermentativeHydrogenProductionfromLignocellulosic
Biomass. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 3
IoannisA.Panagiotopoulos
2 BiohydrogenProductionviaLignocelluloseandOrganicWaste
Fermentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Chen-YeonChuandBing-ShunHuang
3 High-YieldProductionofBiohydrogenfromCarbohydrates
andWaterBasedonInVitroSynthetic(Enzymatic)Pathways. . . 77
Jae-EungKimandYi-HengPercivalZhang
PartII Thermoconversion
4 HydrogenProductionfromBiomassGasification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
SotiriosKarellas
5 HydrogenProductionfromCatalyticBiomassPyrolysis. . . . . . . . . 119
Luc´ıa Garc´ıa, Javier A´brego, Fernando Bimbela,
and Jose´ Luis Sa´nchez
6 LowCarbonProductionofHydrogenbyMethane
Decarbonization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
AlbertoAba´nades
7 HydrogenProductionbySupercriticalWaterGasification
ofBiomass. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 179
EkinKıpc¸akandMesutAkgu¨n
ix