PRODUCT SAFETY AND RESTRICTED SUBSTANCES IN APPAREL

260 Pages·2016·45.35 MB·English

Product Safety and
Resticted Substances in
Apparel
(2nd Edition)

Product Safety and
Restricted Substances in
Apparel
(2nd Edition)
Subrata Das
WOODHEAD PUBLISHING INDIA PVT LTD
New Delhi
Published by Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.,
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First published 2016, Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd.
© Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd., 2016
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Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 978-93-85059-15-5
Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd. e-ISBN: 978-93-85059-70-4
Typeset by Allen Smalley, Chennai
Printed and bound by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd.
Contents
Preface xi
Foreword xv
List of tables xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Risk analysis of textile and apparel 1
1.2 Sources of restricted substances in textile and apparel 2
1.3 Evaluation of restricted substances 2
1.4 Legal requirements of harmful substances 4
1.5 Product compliance for environmental protection 5
1.6 Need for chemical management system 5
References 6
2 Management of restricted substances in the textile
and apparel supply chain 8
2.1 Purpose and importance of restricted substances list 8
2.2 Risk associated with restricted substances 9
2.3 Education of the supply chain 9
2.4 Importance of evaluation through testing 12
2.5 Implementation procedure of a RSL program 13
References 14
3 Review of restricted substances in textile
and apparel supplychain 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 Restricted substances in fabric 17
3.3 Restricted substances in trim 25
3.4 Restricted substances in embellishments 27
vi Product risk review and chemical management
3.5 Restricted substances in apparel 28
3.6 Overview of Manufacturing Restricted Substances
List(MRSL)(41, 42) 28
References 31
4 Compliance of restricted substances in safety
aspects of textile and apparel 35
4.1 Introduction 35
4.2 Banned amines in azo dyes 36
4.3 Allergenic disperse dyes 36
4.4 Carcinogenic dyes 39
4.5 Formaldehyde 39
4.6 Heavy metals 41
4.7 Pentachlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, and
orthophenylphenol 42
4.8 Organotin compounds 43
4.9 Chlorinated organic carriers 44
4.10 Fluorocarbons 44
4.11 Phthalates 46
4.12 Polyvinyl chloride 46
4.13 Alkyl phenol ethoxylates 47
4.14 Flame retardants 48
4.15 Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) 48
4.16 Solvents 49
4.17 Dioxins and furans 50
4.18 Residual pesticides 51
4.19 Chlorinated paraffins 54
4.20 Dimethyl fumarate (DMFu) 55
4.21 Isocyanates 56
4.22 Asbestos 56
4.23 Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) 57
References 58
Contents vii
5 Product safety requirements of children’s apparel 62
5.1 Importance of safety issues 62
5.2 Small parts – choking hazards 63
5.3 Metal fasteners 63
5.4 Zipper fasteners 65
5.5 Dungaree clips (hasps) and sliders 67
5.6 D-rings 68
5.7 Functional and non-functional drawstrings, cord/ties 69
5.8 Toggles 73
5.9 Fixed bows 73
5.10 Buttons 74
5.11 Pom-poms and frings 74
5.12 Decorative trims and embellishments 75
5.13 Bead 76
5.14 Sequins 76
5.15 Jewel 76
5.16 Heat transfer diamante (rhinstone) and stud guidelines 77
5.17 Fire safety 78
5.16 Sun protection 78
References 78
6 Safety review of children’s apparel 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Safety review 81
6.3 Flammability requirements in children apparel 97
References 104
7 Some important test methods to evaluate restricted
substances in textile and apparel 105
7.1 Introduction 105
7.2 Lead content in surface coating 106
7.3 Lead content in substrate (metal) 110
7.4 Lead content in substrate (non-metal) 114
viii Product risk review and chemical management
7.5 Cadmium in coated/plastic items 120
7.6 Evaluation of phthalates 122
7.7 Nickel release test: BS EN 1811 (22) and
BS EN 12472 (23) 127
7.8 Test method for formaldehyde (24) 130
7.9 Test method of azo dyes (25, 26) 131
7.10 Test method of azo dyes (polyester fabric) (27, 28) 132
7.11 New standard for azo dyes 133
7.12 Miscellaneous test methods 138
References 140
8 Global regulatory requirements on harmful substances
in textile and apparel 143
8.1 Introduction 143
8.2 Canada Hazardous Products Act 144
8.3 Canada Consumer Product Safety Act (CCPSA) 144
8.4 EU regulations 145
8.5 Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) 174
8.6 OEKO- TEX Standard 100 190
8.7 US regulations 191
8.8 China (GB18401–2010) 214
8.9 Korea Certification 217
8.10 Japanese regulation (28,29) 220
8.11 Regulation of Vietnam (32, 33) 221
8.12 Regulation of Taiwan (34) 222
8.13 Regulation of India (35, 36, 37) 223
References 224
9 Understanding chemical management system for
compliance in textile/apparel supply chain 228
9.1 Introduction 228
9.2 Practices for restricted substances compliance (1) 229
9.3 Role of NGO campaigns to tackle toxic chemicals 234
Contents ix
9.4 Understanding of 11 classes of priority chemicals (2) 234
9.5 Impact of zero discharge of hazardous chemicals
on the supply chain (2) 235
References 236
10 Conclusion 237
Index 239