Processing of High Temperature Superconductors Related titles published by The American Ceramic Society: Recent Developments in Electronic Materials and Devices (Ceramic Transactions, Volume I 3 I) Edited by K.M. Nair,A.S. Bhalla, and S.4. Hirano, 02002, ISBN I- 57498- 145-5 Dielectric Materials and Devices Edited by K.M. Nair,Amar S. Bhalla,Tapan K. Gupta, Shin-lchi Hirano, Basavaraj V. Hiremath, Jau-Ho Jean, and Robert Pohanka 02002, ISBN 1-57498- I 18-8 The Magic of Ceramics By David W. Richerson 02000, ISBN 1-57498-050-5 Electronic Ceramic Materials and Devices (Ceramic Transactions, Volume I 06) Edited by K.M. Nair and A.S. Bhalia 02000, ISBN I- 57498-098-X Ceramic Innovations in the 20th Century Edited by John B.Wachtman Jr. 0 1999, ISBN 1-57498-093-9 Impact of Recent Advances in Processing of Ceramic Superconductors (Ceramic Transactions, Volume 84) Edited by Winnie Wong-Ng, U. Balachandran, and Amar Bhalla 0 I 998. 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Bhalla 0 I9 9 I, ISBN 0-944904-38-6 For information on ordering titles published by The American Ceramic Society, or to request a publications catalog, please contact our Customer Service Department at 6 14-794-5890 (phone), 6 14-794-5892 (fax),<[email protected]> (e-mail), or write to Customer Service Department, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, OH 4308 I, USA. Visit our on-line book catalog at <www.ceramics.org>. Processing of High Temperature Superconductors Proceedings of the Processing of High Temperature Superconductors symposium held at the I 04th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society April 28-May I, 2002 in St Louis, Missouri. Edited by Amit Goyal Oak Ridge National Laboratory Winnie Wong-Ng NlST Masato Murakami ISTEC Superconductivity Research Laboratory Judith Driscoll Imperial College Published by The American Ceramic Society 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 4308 I www.ceramics.org Proceedings of the Processing of High Temperature Superconductors symposium held at the I0 4th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society,A pril 28-May I, 2002 in St Louis, Missouri. Copyright 2003,The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved. Statements of fact and opinion are the responsibility of the authors alone and do not imply an opinion on the part of the officers, staff,o r members ofThe American Ceramic SocietyThe American Ceramic Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by the contributors to its publications or by the speakers at its programs. 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Preface ix Second Generation Wires Surface-Oxidation Epitaxy Method for Critical Current ................. Control of YBa,Cu,07+ Coated Conductors 3 K. Matsumoto, I. Hirabaysht, and K, Osamura Control of the Sulfur C (2 x 2) Superstructure on { I OO}< IO O> Textured Metals for RABiTS Applications. ......... I7 C. Cantoni, D.K. Christen, L. Heatherly, F.A. List, A. Goyal, G.W. Ownby, and D.M. Zehner Inclined Substrate Deposition of Magnesium Oxide ........................... for YBCO-Coated Conductors 33 B. Ma, M. Li, B.L. fisher, R. E. Koriala,S .E. Dorris,V.A.M aroni, and U. Balachandran Ion-beam-Assisted Deposition of Magnesium Oxide .......................... Films for Coated Conductors. .45 TF Weber; B. Ma, U. Balachandran,a nd M. McNallan Scaling-up of High-Tc Tapes by MOCVD, Spray Pyrolysis, ................................ and MOD Processes.. .53 S. Beauquis, S. Donet, and F. Weiss ......... Towards an all Chemical Solution Coated Conductor. 67 0. Castafio,A . Cavallaro,A . Palau, J. C. Gonzdez, M. Rossell, T. Puig, F. Sandiumenge, N. Mesters, S. Pifiol, and X. Obradors An Economical Route for Production of High-Quality .............. YSZ Buffer Layers using the ECONOTMP rocess 77 M,A. Zuhuchen, S. Sambasivan, I. Kim, J. Rechner;J . Wessling,J . Ji, S. Barnett, B.F. Kang, A. Goyal, FA. Barnes, and C.E. Oberly Latest Developments in Using Combustion Chemical ........... Vapor Deposition to Fabricate Coated Conductors 9 I A.C. King, S.S. Shoup, M.K. White, S.L. Krebs, D.S. Mattox, TA. Polley, and N.D arnell V Growth of YBCO Thick Films on Nd,Cu04 ................................... Buffered Substrates I03 X. Qi, Z. Lockman, M. Soorie,Y. Bugoslavsky, D. Caplin, and J L. Mac Manus-Dr iscolI , Microstructural Characterization of High Jc,YBCO Thick Films Grown at very High Rates and High ................................. Temperatures by PLD I I I A. Berenov, N. Malde,Y Bugoslavs@, L.F. Cohen, J.L. MacManus-Driscoll, and S.J. Foltyn Development of Coated Conductors on Biaxially Textured ........... Substrates:The Influence of Substrate Parameters. I I9 R.I.Tomov,A . Kursumovic, M. Majoros, R. Huhne, B.A. Glowacki, I.E. Evetts,A .Tuissi, E.Villa, S.Tonies,Y Sun, A.Vostner; and H.W.W eber YBa,Cu30 07-Fi6lm s Through a Flourine Free ................................ TMAP MOD Approach I29 Y Xu, D. Shi, A. Goyal, M. Paranthaman, N.A. Rutter; I? Martin, and D. Kroeger Inclined Substrate Pulsed Laser Deposition of YBCO ................. Thin Films on PolycrystallineA g Substrates I37 M.L i, B. Ma, R.E. Koritala, B.L. Fisher, S.E. Dorris, K.Venkataraman, and U. Balachandran The Growth Modes and Transport Properties ofYBaCuO ...... Prepared by Batch and Continuous Liquid Phase Epitaxy. 147 A. Kursumovic,Y.SC. heng, R.I.Tomov, R. Huhne, B.A. Glowacki, and J.E. Evetts Effect of Transverse Compressive Stress on Transport Critical Current Density of Y-Ba-Cu-0 Coated Ni and .................................. Ni-W RABiTSTapes 157 N. Cheggour; J.W.E kin, C.C. Clicker; R. Feenstra,A . Goyal, M. Paranthaman,a nd N. Rutter Phase and Microstructure Change of High Critical ...... Current DensityTFA-MODYBCO Coated Conductor.. 171 YYamada, T. Araki, H. Kurosaki,T .Yuasa,Y Shio hara, I. H irabayashi, J. Shibata,Y Ikuhara,Y lijima,T. Saito,T: Katoh, and T: Hirayama Growth Kinetics andTexture of SOE NiO/Ni and ............................... Ni-Based Alloys RABiTS I85 Z. Lockman, X. Qi, W. Goldacker; R. Nast, B. deBoer; A. Kursumovic, R.Tomov, R. Huhne, I.E. Evetts, B.A. Glowacki, and J.L.M acManus-Driscoll vi Ion Texturing of Amorphous Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia .............. to form a Template for YBa2Cu30, Deposition 203 F1 Berdahl, J. Liu, RI? Reade, and R.E. Russo YBCONSZHastelloy SuperconductingT apes by IBAD .............................. Magnetron Deposition.. .21 I S. Gnanarajan and N. Sawides ........... Residual Stress Measurement in YBCO Thin Films. 2 I9 J.H.C heon and J.I? Singh Growth Kinetics and Texture of (Nd,Ce),CuO,/NiO ......................... Buffers on Ni-Based RABiTS.. .229 Z. Lockman, X, Qi, J.L. MacManus-Driscoll,W . Goldacker; R. Nast, B. deBoer, A. Kursumovic, R.Tomov, R. Huhne,J ,E. Evetts, B.A. Glowacki, and R. Major ........................ Ca-Doping ofYBCO Thin Films. .243 A. Berenov, J.L. MacManus-Driscoll, D. MacPhail, and S. Foltyn Demonstration of High Current Density YBCO Films .............................. on all Solution Buffers.. .249 M, Parans Paranthaman, S. Sathyamurthy H.Y. Zhai, H.M. Christen, S. Kang, and A. Goyal Bulk Processing Processing and Properties of Melt ProcessedY -Ba-Cu-0 ..................... Containing Depleted Uranium Oxide 257 D.A. Cardwell, N. Hari Babu, M. Kambara, C.D.Tarrant, and K.R. Schneider Application of RE 123-Bulk Superconductors as a Permanent Magnet in Magnetron Sputtering Film ................................ Deposition Apparatus .273 U. Mizutani,T. Matsuda,YYanagi,Y. Itoh, H. Ikuta, and T. Oka Tailoring Dislocation Substructures for High Critical ....................... Current Melt-Textur ed Y Ba&u 307 285 F. Sandiumenge, X. Obradors,T Puig, J. Rabier, and J. Plain Flux-Pinning and Properties of Solid-Solution ................... (Y,Nd) ,+xBa2-xC~30S7u-6p erconductors 299 TJ. Haugan, M.E. Fowler, J.C.Tolliver, FIN. Barnes, W. Wong-Ng, and L.I? Cook vii ..... Studies of Grain Boundaries in MeltTexturedYBa,Cu30,. 309 B.W.Veal, H. Claus, L. Chen, and A.P Paulikas High-Tc Bulk-Superconductor-BasedM embrane-Magnetic ........................ Separation for Water Purification 325 N. Saho,T. Mizumori, N. Nishijima, M. Murakami, and M.Tomita Bulk Superconducting Function Elements for Electric ............................... Motors and Levitation.. 337 T Habisreuther; D. Litzkendorf R Muller, M. Zeisberger, S. Kracunovska,W . Gawalek, 0. Surzhenko, 1, Bierlich, and TA. Prikhna Processing and Properties of Gd-Ba-Cu-0 Bulk ........... Superconductor with High Trapped Magnetic Field 35 I S. Nariki, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami ......... Synthesis and Sintering of MgB, under High Pressure 365 TA, Prikhna,YM. Savchuk, N.V. Sergienk0,V.E. Moshchil, S.N. Dub, PA. Nagorny,W . Gawalek,T. Habisreuther; M.W endt, A,B., Surzhenko, D. Litzkendotf C. Schmidt, 1. Dellith, and V.S. Melnikov .... Adhesive Coated HTS Wire and other Innovative Materials 375 A. Rokhvarger and L. Chigirinsky ................ Melting Equilibria of the BaF2-CuOxS ystem 385 W. Wong-Ng, L.P Cook, and J. Suh Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9 9 vlll Major advances have been made during the last decade in the processing of ceramic, high temperature superconductors (HTS). High temperature super- conductor materials are layered oxide compounds, which exhibit complex c he m is t ry i nc l ud i ng no n-stoi c h i o me tr y and defects (i .e ., dislocations, stacking faults, and intergrowths). For most large-scale, bulk applications of HTS, long lengths of flexible wires car- rying large amounts of supercurrents are required. It has been well established that in order to achieve this long range, biaxial or triaxial crystallographic tex- turing of the superconductor is necessary. Significant efforts are now directed at attempts to fabricate long lengths of near single crystal-like superconducting wires by epitaxial growth on biaxially textured substrates. Typically these sub- strates comprise either a biaxially textured metal substrate with epitaxial oxide buffer layers, or an untextured metal substrate and biaxially textured oxide buffer layers. Techniques of substrate fabrication, which have received the most interest, include IBAD (ion-beam assisted deposition), RABiTS (rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates) and ISD (inclined substrate deposition). Epitaxial growth ofYBa2Cu30, (YBCO) and oxides on such substrates can be accom- plished by a variety of techniques including pulsed laser ablation (PLD), electron beam evaporation, sputtering, chemical corn bustion vapor deposition (CCVD), jet vapor deposition, ex-situ BaF, process, ex-situ sol-gel techniques, and liquid phase epitaxy (LPE). For other bulk applications, large, single crystal-like pucks of the superconductor are required. Applications requiring large domain levitators include frictionless bearings for flywheels, contact-less transportation, damping, flux-trap magnets, magnetic shields, and current leads. The superconducting material of choice in this case is melt-processed YBCO. Lastly, basic information about HTS materials concerning phase diagrams, meas- urement of physical properties, characterization,a nd effects of various defects including grain boundaries on supercurrent transmission are of great interest and importance for further developments in this field. This proceedings volume contains papers given at the Processing of High Temperature Superconductors symposium held during the I 04th Annual Meeting ofThe American Ceramic Society (ACerS),April 28-May I, 2002, in St. Louis, Missouri. The symposium focused on the above-mentioned issues per- taining to HTS materials as well as the following areas: ix
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