Proceedings of the Yamada Conference XV on Physics and Chemistry of Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors. Lake Kawaguchi, Yamanashi, Japan, May 26–30, 1986

580 Pages·1986·96.314 MB·580\580

by  Shoji Tanaka and Kunimitsu Uchinokura (Eds.)

Proceedings of the
Yamada Conference XV on
Physics and Chemistry
of Quasi One-Dimensional
Conductors
Lake Kawaguchi, Yamanashi, Japan
May 26-30, 1986
Editors:
Shoji Tanaka
Kunimitsu Uchinokura
Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo
Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
REPRINTED FROM PHYSICA VOLUME 143B Nos. 1-3 (1986)
NORTH-HOLLAND, AMSTERDAM
Proceedings of Yamada Conference XV on Physics and Chemistry
of Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors
© Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland Physics Publishing Division) and
Yamada Science Foundation, 1986
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any informa­
tion storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holders.
Published by
Yamada Science Foundation
Printed in Japan
IX
PREFACE
The Yamada Conference XV on "Physics and Chemistry of Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors" was held
on 26-30 May 1986 at Lake Kawaguchi,'Yamanashi, Japan under the sponsorship of the Yamada Science
Foundation. The conference hall is located on the foot of Mt. Fuji and there were 176 participants
from 17 countries.
The Organizing Committee nominated 41 invited papers, which were all presented orally, in consul­
tation with the International Advisory Committee. About 140 contributed papers were presented in the
extended poster sessions. Of these all of the invited papers and 117 contributed papers, and in
addition 3 summary papers, are included in the Proceedings.
These papers cover the interdisciplinary field of physics and chemistry of quasi one-dimensional
materials with particular emphasis on the following subjects:
(1) Dynamics of Charge Density Wave,
(2) Superconductivity,
(3) Spin Density Wave,
(4) Crystal structure and synthesis of materials,
(5) Physical properties related with these problems.
In the present volume, the papers were rearranged in order to unify both oral and poster sessions.
The editors express their gratitude to the members of the Program Committee for their cooperation.
The Organizing Committee would like to acknowledge all participants who brought a great success to
this Conference on a new field in both physics and chemistry.
Finally, the Organizing Committee express their sincere gratitude to the Yamada Science Founda­
tion, which supported fully the Conference.
August, 1986.
Shoji TANAKA
Kunimitsu UCHINOKURA
Editors
X
Organizing Committee
Chairman S. NAKAJIMA, Tokai University
Vice-Chairman H. MIKAWA, Fukui Institute of Technology
Program H. FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo
Program H. KURODA, The University of Tokyo
Publication S. TANAKA, The University of Tokyo
Treasure H. NAGASAWA, University of Tsukuba
General Secretary S. KAGOSHIMA, The University of Tokyo
H. SHIRAKAWA, University of Tsukuba
Program Committee
H. FUKUYAMA, The University of Tokyo
H. KURODA, The University of Tokyo
H. INOKUCHI, Institute for Molecular Science
T. ISHIGURO, Electrotechnical Laboratory
T. SAMBONGI, Hokkaido University
International Advisory Committee
J. BARDEEN, University of Illinois
K. BECHGAARD, University of Copenhagen
P.M. CHAIKIN, University of Pennsylvania
R. COMES, Universite de Paris-Sud
E.M. ENGLER, IBM Research Laboratory
R.M. FLEMING, AT&T Bell Laboratories
L.P. GOR'KOV, Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics
G. GRÜNER, University of California, Los Angeles
D. JEROME» Universite de Paris-Sud
P. MONCEAU, Centre de Recherche sur les Tres Basses Temperatures
T.M. RICE, ETH-Honggerberg
J. ROUXEL, Universite de Nantes
I.F. SHCHEGOLEV, Institute of Chemical Physics
C. SCHLENKER, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Proprietes El ectroniques des Solides
A.E. UNDERHILL, University College of North Wales
J.M. WILLIAMS, Argonne National Laboratory
F. WUDL, University of California, Santa Barbara
XI
OPENING ADDRESS
Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen!
It is great pleasure and honor for me to open the Yamada Conference XV on Physics and Chemistry of
Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors in the presence of Mr. K. Mochizuki, the Governor of Yamanashi
Prefecture, Professor Y. Yamada, on the Board of Directors of the Yamada Science Foundation, and one
hundred eighty distinguished scientists including ninety from abroad. We have forty one invited
papers and one hundred thirty nine contributed papers, i.e., one paper per participant, to discuss
over four days.
This is the International Conference sponsored by the Yamada Science Foundation and organized to
provide an interdisciplinary forum for discussion of recent experimental and theoretical progress
made in the basic research field on Quasi One-Dimensional Conductors. In accordance with the general
policy of Yamada Conferences, the number of participants is limited to one hundred fifty, with the
twenty percent error bar, to intensify discussion on specific problems.
As such, we have chosen the following six problems: Dynamics of Charge Density Wave,
Superconductivity, Spin Density Wave, Crystal Structure, Synthesis of Materials, and Physical
Properties related with these problems. As materials, we have in mind transition metal
chalcogenides, bronzes, organic charge transfer salts, and some other related materials.
Those problems which are related to conducting polymers and to technological application are all
left to the sister conference, the International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic
Metals to be held in Kyoto next week.
In the ten years since 1976, there have already been seven International Conferences in this young
and still growing up field. At two preceding Conferences, at Boulder in '81 and at Les Arcs in '82,
it was strongly suggested to have one in Japan in view of Japanese activities which one may trace
back to the early stage of developing organic conductors in 50's. Our colleagues, chemists and
physicists together, started in '83 their effort to organize a Conference and, for some scientific-as
well as more practical reasons, decided finally to split it into two International Conferences of
different characters. One is the present Yamada Conference and the other is ICSM '86 in Kyoto.
I am afraid it must be a little too tight to attend two Conferences in the same field at one time,
especially for participants from abroad. On behalf of the Organizing Committee, therefore, I would
like to express sincere thanks to all the participants for attending our Conference and hope that it
will really be rewarding and enjoyable for you to stay here together and actively discuss the variety
of problems of common interest in front of this beautiful Mt .Fuji.
Finally we should all thank the Yamada Science Foundation for accepting our proposal of the
xii Open ing A ddress
Conference and giving us generous financial support. We are also grateful to Mr. Mochizuki, the
Governor of Yamanashi Prefecture for donating hundreds of bottles of Yamanashi wine and for honoring
us by his presence at this opening session.
Thank you.
Sadao NAKAJIMA
Conference Chairman
Xlll
WELCOME ADDRESS
Ladies and Gentlemen:
On behalf of the Yamada Science Foundation, I would like to extend our hearty welcome to all of
you who are participating in the fifteenth Yamada Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Quasi One-
dimensional Conductors, especially to those who have come a long way to Japan from abroad.
The Yamada Science Foundation develops its activities, by giving support to creative projects in
the field of basic natural science, providing travel funds for scientists, organizing conferences and
so forth. Among these, organization of Yamada Conferences, usually held twice or three times a year,
is one of the most important activities. As the guiding principles to promote these activities, the
Board of Directors of the Foundation puts emphasis on the following three symbolic letter 'I's. The
first Ί' represents 'International1, the second V means 'Interdisciplinary1 and the third and the
most important 'Ι' symbolizes 'Innovative'.
In this context, the present Conference is particularly suited for the scope of the Foundation:
it is international having a number of guests from places all over the world, it treats interdisci­
plinary area bridging between physics and chemistry, and above all, as I understand it, concerns with
one of the most creative and newly developing field of science. Transport properties through charge
density wave, particularly in connection with superconductivity, soliton dynamics, lattice instabili­
ty due to low-dimmensional electron-phonon interactions; these concepts are now giving considerable
impacts in the field of solid state physics and chemistry. I believe that this Conference would
achieve our goal through most active participation of all of you.
Another important aspect of this Conference is to provide opportunities to develop new friendships
among the participants, particularly among young scientists who have not been acquainted with each
other, not only through hot scientific discussions but also through heartwarming chattering drinking
Yamanashi wine. I expect your most active participation in this aspect too.
Finally, I would like to express our thanks to the organizing committee members for their efforts
for the successful performance of the conference, choosing such a nice, scenic and wine producing
district. I hope that all of you will enjoy discussions and also will relax at the foot of Mt. Fuji,
symbol of the beauty of Japan.
Thank you.
Yasusada YAMADA
Member, Board of Directors
Yamada Science Foundation
XIV
Yamada Science Foundation
and
the Scope of Yamada Conferences
Yamada Science Foundation was established in February 1977 in Osaka through the generosity of Mr.
Kiro Yamada. Mr. Yamada was President of Rohto Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, a well-known manu­
facturer of medicines in Japan. He recognized that creative, unconstrained, basic research is
indispensable for the future welfare and prosperity of mankind and he has been deeply concerned with
its promotion. Therefore, funds for this Foundation were donated from his private holdings.
The principal activity of the Yamada Science Foundation is to offer financial assistance to
creative research in the basic natural sciences, particularly in the interdisciplinary domains that
bridge established fields. Projects which promote international cooperation are also favored. By
assisting in the exchange of visiting scientists and encouraging international meetings, this Founda­
tion intends to greatly further the progress of science in the gloval environment.
In this context, Yamada Science Foundation sponsors international Yamada Conference onc eor twice
a year in Japan. Subjects to be selected by the Foundation should be most timely and stimulating.
These conferences are expected to be of the highest international standard so as to significantly
foster advances in their respective fields.
Executive Members
of the
Foundation
Officers:
Board of Directors Leo ESAKI
Kenichi FUKUI
Osamu HAYAISHI
Noboru KAMIYA
Takeo NAGAMIYA Director General
Shuntaro OGAWA Standing Director
Shuzo SEKI
Tomoji SUZUKI
Jin-ichi TAKAMURA
Yasusada YAMADA
Audi tors Jiro KONDO
Shigekiyo MUKAI
Advisors: Shiro AKABORI
Masao YOSHIKI
XIV
Yamada Science Foundation
and
the Scope of Yamada Conferences
Yamada Science Foundation was established in February 1977 in Osaka through the generosity of Mr.
Kiro Yamada. Mr. Yamada was President of Rohto Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, a well-known manu­
facturer of medicines in Japan. He recognized that creative, unconstrained, basic research is
indispensable for the future welfare and prosperity of mankind and he has been deeply concerned with
its promotion. Therefore, funds for this Foundation were donated from his private holdings.
The principal activity of the Yamada Science Foundation is to offer financial assistance to
creative research in the basic natural sciences, particularly in the interdisciplinary domains that
bridge established fields. Projects which promote international cooperation are also favored. By
assisting in the exchange of visiting scientists and encouraging international meetings, this Founda­
tion intends to greatly further the progress of science in the gloval environment.
In this context, Yamada Science Foundation sponsors international Yamada Conference onc eor twice
a year in Japan. Subjects to be selected by the Foundation should be most timely and stimulating.
These conferences are expected to be of the highest international standard so as to significantly
foster advances in their respective fields.
Executive Members
of the
Foundation
Officers:
Board of Directors Leo ESAKI
Kenichi FUKUI
Osamu HAYAISHI
Noboru KAMIYA
Takeo NAGAMIYA Director General
Shuntaro OGAWA Standing Director
Shuzo SEKI
Tomoji SUZUKI
Jin-ichi TAKAMURA
Yasusada YAMADA
Audi tors Jiro KONDO
Shigekiyo MUKAI
Advisors: Shiro AKABORI
Masao YOSHIKI
Physica 143B (1986) 3-7
North-Holland, Amsterdam
SCALING BEHAVIOR IN HIGH FIELD CHARGE DENSITY WAVE TRANSPORT AND THE ROLE OF FREE CARRIER DAMPING
N.P. ONG AND X.J. ZHANG*
Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, U.S.A.
We address the question of what determines primarily the damping of the sliding charge density
wave (CDW). Using pulsed differential conductivity data we have studied the scaling relationship
between the total differential conductivity j' and the Ohmic conductivity σ in the CDW systems
0
NbSe and TaS . In both metallic and semiconducting hosts j' scales with σ in a simple way.
3 3 0
This relationship suggests that the two currents are strongly coupled, possibly via damping of the
sliding condensate by the free carriers. The asymptotic approach of j/E to the infinite field
limit σ«, is also examined and compared with previous studies.
1. INTRODUCTION in the semiconducting hosts whereas in NbSe the
3
Despite 10 years of experimental studies1"5 very large mobility of the free carriers masks
on electron transport by the depinned charge- the contribution of the condensate. The end
density-wave (CDW) condensate the physical under result is the same in both types of hosts.
standing of the process still eludes us. Much Until recently, CDW transport at 4.2 K was hard
has been learned about the intrinsic proper­ to discern and little explored.14
ties5"9 of this novel mechanism of charge trans­
port, to be sure. Thus, the experimentalist has 2. SCALING BEHAVIOR
an impressive number of ways (using transport In an early study Fleming and Grimes2 noted
tools alone) to recognise CDW transport when it that the I-V curve in NbSe is sublinear, i.e.,
3
manifests itself in a new compound.10"12 How­ at high E the total current approaches the line
ever, the theory is much less well-developed. j a σ Ε - j , (E - oo) (1)
β 0
In this paper we wish to return to one of the This implies that when one takes the ratio j/E
earliest questions posed on CDW transport. to get the chordal conductivity15"18 the term
What restricts the mobility of the condensate? j /E dominates the high E data with its long
0
It was apparent from the early studies that hyper-bolic tail. In contrast, the derivative
1) the "high field" limit of the total conduc­ j1 (= dj/dE) ignores j . As a consequence the
0
tance is restricted to a value close to the data for j' approaches the asymptotic value σ^
pre-transition normal conductance suitably ex­ much faster than the j/E data. This is espe­
trapolated, and 2) almost all aspects of the CDW cially significant if one is interested in how
conductance appear to be very sensitive to temp­ the CDW current approaches the asymptotic high E
erature T (even disregarding effects associated limit. Another important result obtained from
with the growth of the order parameter near T ). studying j' vs. E is that it revealed a scaling
For instance, the threshold field E is strongly relation-ship19 between j1 itself and the free
T
T dependent in all the chalcogenide systems. carrier conductivity σ . For E larger than rE
0 T
Furthermore, the CDW fraction of the total (where r is 2 or 3) j' simply scales with σ
0
current diminishes rapidly as T approaches zero j' - σ (γ + ΦΕ), (Ε > rE ) (2)
0 T
^Permanent address: X.J. Zhang, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
0378 - 4363/86/$03.50 © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
(North-Holland Physics Publishing Division)
and Yamada Science Foundation