Proceedings of the XXIII Spanish Relativity Meeting on Reference Frames and Gravitomagnetism: Valladolid, Spain, 6-9 September 2000 PDF
Preview Proceedings of the XXIII Spanish Relativity Meeting on Reference Frames and Gravitomagnetism: Valladolid, Spain, 6-9 September 2000
l!i7rT«awTmTaJ«iT nTmil tty Rumi'Ju [tr4<iiuci]ii Reference Frames and Gravitomagnetism A. San Miguel and F. Vicente World Scientific Reference Frames and Gravitomagnetism This page is intentionally left blank Proceedings of the XXIII Spanish Relativity Meeting on Reference Frames and Gravitomagnetism Valladolid, Spain 6-9 September 2000 Editors J. F. Pascual-Sanchez, L. Floria A. San Miguel and F. Vicente Universidad de Valladolid, Spain V fe World Scientific «k SSininagaappoorree • • N Neeww J Jeerrsseeyy ' L'Loonnddoonn • • Hong Kong Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P O Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite IB, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. REFERENCE FRAMES AND GRAVITOMAGNETISM Proceedings of the XXIII Spanish Relativity Meeting Copyright © 2001 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-02-4631-5 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Printed in Singapore by Uto-Print PREFACE This is the 23rd occasion in which the Spanish Relativity Meeting — En- cuentros Relativistas Esparioles (ERE)— has been held. This time (September, 6-9, 2000) Valladolid has acted as the host University and City for EREs2000. Every year most of the Spanish scientific community developing active research in the fields of Relativity, Gravitation and Cosmology every year gather in this series of ERE Meetings, which are also attended by some of the leading inter national specialists at the highest level. Due to these facts, the ERE Meetings have been acquiring an unquestionable international prestige and scientific rep utation, mainly during the last decade. This year, the Scientific Programme has consisted of morning sessions devoted to Invited Lectures dealing with the main subject(s): Reference frames and Gravitomagnetism, and afternoon parallel sessions for Oral Communications. One of the series of Communications was also dedicated to the said topic of Reference frames and Gravitomagnetism. Consequently, we hope that the present book will constitute a useful introduction to the current state of the art in this field, since most of the volume concerns this topic and an updated general list of references on this subject is also included. A key point concerning Gravitomagnetism is that it shows the main differ ence between Newton's theory of gravitation and the linear approximation of Einstein's General Relativity, which would be something similar to what hap pens with the difference between Coulomb's electricity and Maxwell-Lorentz's electromagnetism. In this Proceedings, the various tools, both theoretical and experimental, for testing this crucial difference, are discussed. Within the wider framework of Gravitoelectromagnetism, the analogy be tween the linear theory of Electromagnetism and linearized General Relativity has been extended to the nonlinear regime by means of the introduction of an observer formalism of nonlinear reference frames and it has provided the stimu lus to develop a more complete and clear picture of the theoretical framework of extending time-plus-space language and concepts to strong field gravity. Some works along this line are also published in this book, including the implica tions of the theory of relativistic reference frames for the GPS communication system and Astrometry. After more than thirty years, the gyroscope Gravity Probe B project to measure the gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect is nearing completion. Meanwhile, indirect evidence has been reported concerning possible observa tions and measurements of this effect by LAGEOS satellites orbiting the Earth. v VI Preface The current state of these and other proposed gravitomagnetic experiments, as the Gravity Probe Ci k, are also reviewed in this book. oc We would like to thank the Invited Speakers for accepting to deliver their Lectures in the Meeting. We are also grateful to the participants, and specially to those who accepted to act as the Chairperson of a scientific session. We are in debt to the people who helped us to organize the Meeting, specially F.J. Tapiador for the graphic implementation of the poster and the members of the Organizing Committee, I. Aparicio (database support and web page) and M. Esteban Pineiro. Also, we would like to express our gratitude to all Institutions that provided some financial help. In particular we must mention: the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, the Junta de Castilla y Leon regional government and the University of Valladolid. The Organizing Committee wishes all the participants to have enjoyed a stimulating and friendly atmosphere during the Meeting, in both scientific and personal sense. Finally, we wish to recall that, in the opening ceremony, we also had the opportunity to pay homage to Professor Jose Martinez Salas for all his scien tific and academic career. Valladolid, January 2001 The editors J.-F. Pascual-Sanchez L. Floria A. San Miguel F. Vicente CONTENTS Preface v INVITED LECTURES ON REFERENCE FRAMES AND GRAVITOMAGNETISM Spacetime splitting techniques and gravitoelectromagnetism in general relativity 1 D. Bini and R. T. Jantzen Gravitoelectromagnetism: applications to black hole circular orbits 13 D. Bini and R. T. Jantzen Gravitomagnetism, Lense-Thirring effect and de Sitter precession 25 /. Ciufolini Gravitomagnetic phenomena due to spin, Lense-Thirring effect and its 1995-2000 measurements with earth satellites 35 J. Ciufolini Elements for a theory of relativistic coordinate systems. Formal and physical aspects 53 B. Coll Black hole astrophysics: Gravitomagnetism and non keplerian orbits 67 F. de Felice Theory of relativistic-reference frames for high-precision astrometric space misions 79 S. M. Kopeikin Geometry and dynamics of the brane-world 93 R. Maartens Gravitoelectromagnetism 121 B. Mashhoon Vll Vlll Contents Relativity and nonlocality 133 B. Mashhoon General electric-magnetic decomposition of fields, positivity and Rainich-like conditions 145 J. M. M. Senovilla COMMUNICATIONS ON REFERENCE FRAMES AND GRAVITOMAGNETISM The dominant energy condition and generalised Rainich conditions 165 G. Bergqvist On turning over gyroscopic precession 171 J. L. Herndndez-Pastora, J. Martin and E. Ruiz Solid and ocean earth tides and the detection of some gravitomagnetic effects 179 L. Iorio Properties of Bel currents 185 R. Lazkoz, J. M. M. Senovilla and R. Vera Sagnac and the g-clock effect revisited 191 A. Tartaglia A List of references on spacetime splitting and gravitoelectromagnetism 199 D. Bini and R. T. Jantzen INVITED LECTURE* AND COMMUNICATIONS ON OTHER TOPICS On thermal equilibrium in general relativity 227 E. Santos- Corchero* Entropy in the universe: A new approach 237 A. Alfonso-Faus On cyclically symmetrical spacetimes 241 A. Barnes Contents ix A theory of time-varying constants 247 J. A. Belinchon and A. Alfonso-Faus Relations between lightlike foliations and observers in symplectic mechanics 253 V. J. Bolos, V. Liern and J. Olivert Scalar field cosmologies 259 J. Carot and M. M. Collinge Thermodynamics and the dominant energy condition in gravity theories 265 M. Cataldo and S. del Campo Twisting type-N fields with symmetries 271 F. J. Chinea and F. Navarro-Lerida Ideal gas Stephani universes 279 B. Coll and J. J. Ferrando Constructing models for stars and voids in the universe: A comprehensive approach 285 F. Fayos, J. M. M. Senovilla and R. Torres Vacuum spacetimes with an isometry 293 F. Fayos and C. F. Sopuerta Multipole corrections to perihelion and node line precession 299 L. Fernandez-Jambrina Comments on purely electric Weyl tensors 305 J. J. Ferrando and J. A. Sdez Ring-down of an accreting black hole 311 J. A. Font and P. Papadopoulos Magnetised cosmological perturbations: A dynamical systems approach 317 S. Hobbs and P. K. S. Dunsby
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