Proceedings of the Thirteenth Physics Summer School : Bose-Einstein condensation : from atomic physics to quantum fluids : Canberra, Australia, 17-28 January 2000 PDF
Preview Proceedings of the Thirteenth Physics Summer School : Bose-Einstein condensation : from atomic physics to quantum fluids : Canberra, Australia, 17-28 January 2000
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Physics Summer School B o s e - E i n s t e in C o n d e n s a t i on From Atomic Physics to Quantum Fluids Editors Craig M. Savage Mukunda P. Das World Scientific Bose-Einstein Condensation This page is intentionally left blank Proceedings of the Thirteenth Physics Summer School Bose-Einstein Condensation From Atomic Physics to Quantum Fluids Canberra, Australia 17 - 28 January 2000 Editors Craig M. Savage Mukunda P. Das Department of Theoretical Physics The Australian National University World Scientific Singapore • NewJersey • London • Hong Kong Published by World Scientific PublishingCo. Pte. Ltd. P 0 Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite 1B, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British LibraryCataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION From Atomic Physics to Quantum Fluids Copyright 0 2000 by WorldScientific PublishingCo. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical,includingphotocopying, recording or any informationstorage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In thiscase permission to photocopyis not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-02-4484-3 Printed in Singapore. Contents Preface vii Topics in the Theory of the Ultracold Dilute Alkali Gases 1 A. J. Leggett Statistical Mechanics of Bosonic Systems 43 J. Oitmaa Condensate Oscillations, Kinetic Equations and Two-Fluid Hydrodynamics in a Bose Gas 65 A. Griffin Finite-Temperature Effects in Bose-Einstein Condensates 117 K. Burnett The Theory of Atom Lasers 153 R. J. Ballagh and C. M. Savage Vortices and Solitons in Bose-Condensates 189 P D. Drummond Cooling, Trapping and Manipulation of Neutral Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensates by Electromagnetic Fields 231 K. Helmerson and W. D. Phillips ExperimentalAspects ofBose-Einstein Condensation 281 A. C. Wilson and C. R. McKenzie v This page is intentionally left blank Preface The thirteenth Physics Summer School on Bose-Einstein Condensation: atomic physics to quantum liquids was held for two weeks during January 2000 at the Australian National University, Canberra. This summer school was one of an annual series organised by the Department of Theoretical Physics as part of the program of the ANU Centre for Theoretical Physics. On this occasion the School was jointly organised by Craig Savage (Physics and Theoretical Physics, Faculties) and Mukunda Das (Theoretical Physics, lAS) as convenors. The program covered basic and advanced topics in the area of Bose-Einstein condensation and atom optics. Tony Leggett discussed several conceptual issues in the physics of BEC dealing with phase coherence and superfluidity and gave a lucid picture of dilute Fermionic condensates at ultra low temperatures. Jaan Oitmaa presented a pedagogic survey of Bosonic condensation for both noninteracting and interacting atoms in two and three dimensions. Allan Griffin dealt with the kinetic equations by deriving collective oscillations in two fluid hydrodynamics for the trapped BEC. Keith Burnett took this further by discussing finite temperature effects on the collective states of BEC in traps. Atomic lasers are an exciting outcome of recent BEC studies. Robert Ballagh covered this aspect of coherent atom optics clearly and in detail. Nonlinearity is an important aspect of BEC studies in recent years. Peter Drummond analysed solitons and vortices in nonlinear field equations. One can not talk about the BEC in confinement without knowing how the atoms are trapped. Bill Phillips and Kris Helmerson presented a detailed picture of the science and technology of how the atoms are cooled in a variety of electromagnetic traps. This series on cooling and trapping was supplemented by Andrew Wilson on their recent experimental accomplishments on BEC and atom lasers. Finally we had a series of lectures on BEC-BCS crossover by Mohit Randeria. Unfortunately Randeria was unable to provide his manuscript in time to be included in this Proceedings. We are grateful to Professor Erich Weigold, Director of the RSPhysSE for his keen interest in organising this School. We are also thankful to Professors Robert Dewar and Hans Bachor for their support. We are indebted to all the lecturers, participants and members of our Departments for their helpful cooperation. We are particularly thankful to Heli Jackson for her excellent work in running the Summer School. 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