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document Historic, archived Do assume not content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices United States Proceedings of the Second and Department of Agriculture Third Annual Meetings of the Forest Service International Boreal Forest General j J Technical Research Association Report WO-61 - r CP r if5 JO fn United States Proceedings of the Second and Department of Agriculture Third Annual Meetings of the Forest Service International Boreal Forest General Technical Research Association Report WO-61 September 11-18, 1992 USA Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, September 26-October 1993 2, Norway and Umea, Sweden Biri, Sponsors for meetings are: USDA DC Forest Service, Washington, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki Umea Swedish University ofAgricultural Sciences, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Aas International Forestry Institute, Moscow The fourth annual meeting was held on September 25-28, 1994, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Sheila Andrus, technical coordinator Rebecca Nisley, managing editor Contents Papers presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the International Boreal Forest Research Association, September 11-18, 1992 1 Papers presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the International Boreal Forest Research Association, September 26-October 2, 1993 23 Papers Presented at the Second Annual Meeting of the International Boreal Forest Research Association September 11-18, 1992 USA Anchorage and Fairbanks, Alaska, Advance of Pine Beyond the Timber Line in Northernmost Finland During Expert Systems on the Basis of GIS the 20th Century "Carbon Ecosphere": ALAS, Its GustafSiren 3 Principles and Structure Alexander S. Isaev, V.A. Rozhkov, Theodore High-Resolution Remote Sensing for Vinson, Tatyana P. Kolchugina, and A Boreal Forest Monitoring: Review Anatoly Z. Shvidenko 7 A.D. Vyas, Y.Y. Lee, T.B. Cobb, and Sinyan Shen 3 Boreal Forest Pathology Monitoring Nickolay P. Pavlinov 8 Biological Long-Term Evidence of Circumpolar Subarctic Climate System Analysis of Forest Monitoring Oscillation Anatoly Z. Shvidenko, Alexander S. Isaev, GustafSiren and Sinyan Shen 4 and V.I. Sukhih 9 Characterizing Boreal Vegetation Boreal Forests: Problems of Learning Ecosystems With Satellite Images and Alexander S. Isaev 9 Ancillary Data Kenneth C. Winterberger, Long-Term Monitoring ofBoreal Fredric R. Larson, Carl Markon, and Forests Using Fossil Pollen Records: Mark Shasby 5 The Past as Prologue to the Future Glen M. MacDonald 10 Mapping Forest Distribution with AVHRR Data Integration of Boreal Ecosystem- David L. Evans, Zhiliang Zhu, and Process Models Within a Prognostic Kenneth C. Winterberger 6 Carbon Budget Model for Canada David T. Price and Michael J. Apps 10 Siberian Dendroclimatic Project: Network in Boreal Forests, First NBIOME: A Biome-Level Study of Results, Perspectives, and Biospheric Response and Feedback to Applications in Environmental Potential Climate Change Sciences Michael J. Apps 11 Eugeni Vagano and S. Shiyatov 6 Forest Status in Norway: Research, Boreal Forests of Russia: Inventory, and Forest Monitoring State-of-the-Art and Forecasting T. Opheim, S. Nersten, O.J. Wefald, and Valery Shubin 7 Hans-Olav Moen 12 I. l A The Swedish National Forest Proposed Forest Health Monitoring Inventory: Current Design and Plans Database for Use in Boreal Forests for the Future Vernon J. LaBau 18 Bo Ranneby 13 Boreal Forest Status and Research The Dynamics of Reforestation in the in Finland European North of Russia Eino Malkonen and Seppo Kellomaki 19 Vasily F. Tvetkov 14 System of Forest Inventory and Dendroclimatology and Global Change Monitoring in Russia VV in Alaska and Canada Nefediev 20 Gordon C. Jacoby and Roseanne D. D'Arrigo 14 Monitoring Long-Term Forest Succession With Synthetic Aperture North-Russian Forests: Their State, Radar in the Taiga of Interior Alaska Management, and Reforestation Phyllis C. Adams, Leslie A. Viereck, Jobea Vasily F. Tsvetkov 15 Way, and Cynthia L. Williams 20 The Anthropogenic Dynamics of Environmental Monitoring of the Forests on the Kola Peninsula Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest LTER Vasily F. Tsvetkov 16 Site Leslie A. Viereck, Phyllis C. Adams, Joanna The Dynamics of Boreal Forest E. Roth, and Linda J. Patton 21 Ecosystems in the European North of Russia The Bonanza Creek Long-Term GenrikhA. Chibisov 16 Ecological Research (LTER) Program Leslie A. Viereck and K. Van Cleve 21 Biodiversity, Natural Dynamics, and Forest Management in Boreal Forest Forest Succession on the Floodplain of Ecosystems the Tanana River in Interior Alaska Olle Zackrisson 17 Leslie A. Viereck, Joan M. Foote, Phyllis C. Adams, and Joanna E. Roth 22 Projections of the Possible Effects of Global Warming on Boreal Forests in Alaska, Minnesota, and Siberia Robert Nisbet 18 2 Advance of Pine Beyond the Timber Line in Northernmost Finland During the 20th Century GustafSiren The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland This report deals with the currently widely quency of seed years that seems to be a recognized phenomenon ofadvance of pine basic precondition for the present develop- at the expense ofmountain birch in the ment. In order to provide seed for the tundra forest area ofnorthernmost afforestation of a 140,000-ha denuded area, Finland. This change in the structure of a method ofproducing viable seed oflocal the ecosystem has been going on for about provenance is presented. Furthermore, the a century. With the exception of some advance ofpine is described. The change of minor experiments for purposes of control, dominant tree species seems to improve the development has been rather free from the class ofland utilization. influences, except for the increased fre- High-Resolution Remote Sensing for Boreal Forest A Monitoring: Review A.D. Vyas, Y.Y. Lee, T.B. Cobb, and Sinyan Shen Natural Resources Management Division, SUPCON International, USA Woodridge, Illinois, We review the state ofthe art ofremotely ancillary data sets such as ecoregion data, sensed data processing for international terrain data, and climate data. The moder- boreal forest research, in particular, ate resolution ofthe data makes them species health and changes in distribution more accessible to more researchers in due to climate change and environmental terms of storage and processing. Historical change. Critical evaluation is performed in LANDSAT data are now more affordable in terms of spatial resolution, ancillary data volume than before. Processing time for needs, and configuration ofdata collection, boreal species classification using cluster- storage, and processing systems. The avail- ing approach were compared for projected ability and types ofremotely sensed data in 50 MSS scenes. Supercomputers make different time frames for time-series stud- computation practical when workstations ies are assessed. Spatial resolution of sen- are not for continental areas. AVHRR LANDSAT sors including (1.1 km), MSS (80 m), LANDSAT TM (30 m), SPOT Recent large-scale AVHRR — multispectral (20 m), and SPOT panchro- applications including conterminous U.S. matic (10 m) are analyzed. LANDSAT is AVHRR data set, land-cover characteristics found to be necessary for treeline studies. database for the conterminous U.S., map- AVHRR is very useful when combined with ping Mexico's forest lands with AVHRR, 3 and the North American Vegetation Index LANDSAT TM data for each path/row — Map are reviewed. TM and MSS were along the tree line intercontinentally in TM compared for different applications. Siberia, Lapland, and North America to data are superior to MSS data for species monitor recent treeline changes. BLEC- type identification. However, TM data are SCO is expanding its scope to employ MSS not significantly better than data for future acquisition ofhigh-resolution conifer and hardwood separation. The LANDSAT TM data. SPOT data may be International Tree Line Project (BLEC- included where necessary to provide cloud- — SCO) is comparing three dates 1970's, free scenes. Data processing and analysis LANDSAT MSS 1980's, and 1990's—of and on the super computer are discussed. Biological Long-Term Evidence of Circumpolar Subarctic Climate Oscillation Gustaf Siren The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland Sinyan Shen Warming SUPCON Global International Center, International, Woodridge, Illinois The goals ofthis International Tree Line climatic oscillation. Project (BLECSCO) are to understand the 2. Measurements ofconiferous seedling dynamics ofecosystem response to environ- advancement (following the cluster conven- mental change and to understand the tion for definition ofboundary ofthe forest impact ofterrestrial ecosystems on global line). climate. The near-term objectives ofthis 3. Standard sowing areas for providing study are to forest ground truth along transects perpen- dicular to the present forest line. • Assess (with state-of-the-art methods) 4. Monitoring the correlation between the potential for increase in forest area and ground truth with NOAA, NASA, and forest product resources as a result ofglob- Canadian Center for Remote Sensing's al warming in the most climate-sensitive remote sensing imagery. areas ofthe circumpolar zone. 5. Analysis oflength and variation in • Assemble the best interdisciplinary sci- growing season with non-destructive entific team for establishing the standards tree-ring width measurements near the ofdata needed in utilizing the biological tree line and the forest line. information contained between the forest 6. Meteorological measurements to define line and the tree line for the above goals. the changes in climatic external variable in relation to the tree's photoperiod for The approach uses the following tech- assessing the increase in forest resources niques: in the most climate-sensitive areas ofthe Northern Hemisphere. 1. Observations of changes in seed year frequency, which is a strong function ofthe This project represents a comprehensive 4