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US. Deparn J / 14/2: 76/7 Federal Bureau of Investigation PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE FORENSIC ASPECTS OF TRACE EVIDENCE QUANTICO, VIRGINIA JUNE 24-28, 1991 Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of Trace Evidence Host Laboratory Division Federal Bureau of Investigation June 24—28, 1991 Forensic Science Research and Training Center FBI Academy Quantico, Virginia } = p= NOTICE This publication was prepared by the U. S. Government. Neither the U. 8. Govern- ment nor the U. §. Department of Justice nor any of their employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that in use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, mark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U. S. government or any agency thereof. Printed by: The Laboratory Division John W. Hicks Assistant Director in Charge Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S. Department of Justice Washington, D.C. 20535 International Standard Book Number 0-932115-12-8 Printed by the U.S. Government Printing Office Cover: Aerial photograph of the FBI Academy by George February. FOREWORD On June 24-28, 1991, the FBI Laboratory Division hosted an “International Symposium on the Forensic Aspects of Trace Evidence” at the FBI Laboratory's Forensic Science Research and Training Center, FBI Academy, Quantico, Virginia. This symposium was attended by over 200 scientists from industry, academia and crime laboratories from throughout the United States, Belgium, Canada, Great Britain, Israel, Italy and Japan. We in the forensic science community recognize that violent crime continues to plague the cities and towns in our respective countries, It is the crime laboratory that is generally the recipient of the voluminous amount of physical evidence related to these crimes and charged with the responsibility to scientifically determine its evidentiary value. In past years we have attempted to focus our symposia topics on specific forensic disciplines such as DNA, hairs and fibers, questioned documents and latent prints. After conferring with the crime laboratory community, it was decided to host a symposium on the general topic of trace evidence, excluding the area of hair and fiber type evidence. After the topic was selected, we assembled a panel of individuals from the FBI Laboratory representing the many diverse fields to assist in planning the program and identifying the plenary speakers. In addition, Dr. Ralph Allen from the University of Virginia assisted during these planning stages. The program committee reviewed over 50 excellent abstracts from individuals wishing to present posters. Unfortunately only a portion of these could be accepted due to space limitations at the poster sessions. We sincerely hope that the exchange of information and ideas at this symposium will assist in the examination of trace evidence and generate interest into future research in this. We in the FBI Laboratory will continue to sponsor symposia in various scientific disciplines with the dedicated purpose of providing a forum for the transfer of information and technology. On behalf of the FBI Laboratory, we would like to thank all those who participated in making this SyMposium a success. John W. Hicks Assistant Director in Charge Laboratory Division Program Organizing Committee Roger Aaron James E. Corby FBI Laboratory Division FBI Laboratory Division Ralph Allen Robert D. Koons University of Virginia FBI Laboratory Division Bobby D. Blackburn Wayne D. Lord FBI Laboratory Division FBI Laboratory Division Barry L. Brown FBI Laboratory Division Session Moderators Bobby D. Blackburn Robin Keeley FBI Laboratory Division Metropolitan Police Forensic Science laboratory Barry L. Brown FBI Laboratory Division Marg Skirua Royal Canadian Mounted Police Leanora Brun-Conti Michigan State Police Faye Springer California Department of Justice lan Evett Home Office Forensic Science Service Kenneth Zercie Connecticut State Police Martin Fink San Diego County Sheriff's Crime Laboratory GLANS PAGE CONTENTS FOREWORD SECTION | - LECTURES Is it Just Grime or a Crime: The Real Dirt on the Legal Aspects of Trace Evidence ......0.66 .6c. c.ec.e Carol E. Henderson Garcia Trace Evidence: A Holistic View and Approach . 6.6.6 ee ens Peter R. DeForest ITT TT TTT TTTTTTTTTTTTTirrrrrrrriririiriiriiiririiiriiiriiiit Edward A. Stanley Particle Analysis by the Scanning Electron Microscope ......00 00060e eee en ee Murray A. Smith An Overview: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in Forensic Science... 0.0... 6066 eens J. Russell Davis I I PPPTTTTTTTIT TITTLE TTTTTTT ELT rTerrrrereriiirreriririii Ernest R. Peele, Donald G. Havekost, Charles A. Peters, John P. Riley, R. C. Halberstam and Robert D. Koons est Tame Amaivels G8 THUGS HVIGORGS ccc ccc ccc rere reeeereeeeeerereseeeseeeveseveeees Hugh Snodgrass TS FFETITITTTTT TLTEITITTTTTIiiTierIiiiTiriTriiTiiiIiriT IriTte s Raymond C. Murray TTT TITITTITITTLIETITTITITITEiliriiriiiiriiriiririiiitiiei Marg A. Skirda identification of Wood Fragments in Trace Evidence ....... 006eee eee een ees Regis B. Miller Entomotoxicology: Use of Insects as Toxicological Indicators - Recent Advances ..........06..6.0. 0.00.00 5 M. Lee Goff and Wayne D. Lord Automotive Paint Identification Systems .......... ccc ccc cece cece neers esse eee eeeeeeseeeeeeees Warren L. Tillman The Applications of Multielemental Analysis in Trace Evidence Examinations .................0...000005. David A. Hickman The Application of ICP-ES and ICP-MS to the Investigation of Product Tampering...................0005. Karen A. Wolnik ED 96:5555:5:59:9550:090009090009595905000009099909009000000990000008000000000008 Alexander D. Beveridge Analytical Pyrolysis: An Overview with Forensic Applications .......6.66.6 .cc .ec.e 6ee.e 6ee0e e6en s Thomas P. Wampler ee ED 0 0 005 095-99-9990500060096596009690000000900000080000000080008 lan W. Evett SECTION II - EXTENDED ABSTRACTS The Chemistry and Industrial Application of Acrylic Basecoat/Clearcoat Automotive Topcoats .............. L. Brun-Conti Identification of Paint Pigment Sublimates by Optical Crystallography ..............00. 0cc0c 0ce0ce0 e0en s D. A. Stoney, C. Zona andX . Cai EEET TT Te rT Te Terr TTT TTTTTrrTrrrrrrrrrrrrririyTe J. Bixby, D. Schimerbach and M. Howard Analysis and Identification of Photocopied Toners .... 2.0.0cec6e eee e.ee eee eenees S. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, Y. Higashikawa, T. Kishi and Y. Marumo Discremmimation of Automobile Tive RUBRGT . ww ccc cece cece e eee eeeeeceeeesecesessesceses Y. Higashikawa, Y. Suzuki, §. Suzuki, T. Kishi and Y. Marumo vii Identification and Comparison of Polyurethane Foam Particles by FTNMR and Comparison Microscopy ...... 223 D. K. Music and J. E. Over A Neural Network Method for Pattern Recognition of Chromatographic Signature Patterns of TT PTT TET TT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTITTTTTiririrriirrirrrrritee 229 J. F. Casale and J, W. Watterson TORING 19 GRO FOPOREIS TOIOROO TOPVIGS 0. cece reer renee eeeeeeeeeeseererseseeeseseseees 231 K. Hadley A Use for Expert Systems in Forensic Science... .......00 6ce ee e eee ee eens 233 R. Pinchin, J. S. Buckleton and I. W. Evett The Characterization of “Color Release” Lipsticks .......... 0. 0c cece cece eee eee eee eee eee eee eeees 235 R. D. Blackledge, M. C. Fink, M. Grieve and B. Garland Designer Evidence: The Use of Taggants at the Metropolitan Police Laboratory.......0.66.60.0. e.e e.e. uu e 237 D. A. Castle and B, Gibbons The Forensic Application of Some Uniquely Prepared Marking Powders ......0.660.6 .cc e.ce. e.ee .een s 239 C. M. Lau and B. N. Dailly An Interactive Graphic Database for use in the Identification of Pollen Grains ..........0... 006000 241 J. B. Smith On the Possibility of Accidental Contamination of GSR. Study of the Diffusion and ED «+. rc rec ererereeeeeesSOSORREOE SEERBT OEO SROREESS ERODSS ESERF E S 243 L. Garofano, L. Ripani, P. Tomao, A. Virgili, L. Varteeo, C. Torre and P. L. Pavanelli The Elemental Composition of Bullet Wipings on Cloth and its Relationship to Suspected Ammunition ....... 245 F. A. Springer Hand Grenade and Primer Residue Particles... 0.0.0.0. 0 0c cee ee eee eee eee e eee ees 247 P. Bergman, E. Springer and N. Levin Determination of Tampering of Heat-Sealed Plastic Bags... .. 0... 0... cece eee eee e eee 249 T. R. Hagney Discrimination of Soil Materials Using Identification of Microfossils .......066. c.c e.c.e .ee.e 0een s 251 S. Kurata A Simple Mineralogical Soil Analysis Method Using Dispersion Staining with Five Oils ................... 253 H. D. Fraysier and H. VanHoven The Forensic Significance of Diatomaceous Earth Trace Evidence in Washington State .................... 255 W. M. Schneck Morphological Examination of Grass Fragments in Forensic Soil Comparison ..........0.0.0 e.e .ee6 eu6ue s 257 Y. Marumo, T. Kishi, S. Suzuki, Y. Higashikawa and Y. Suzuki Three-man Screening Technique for Trace Evidence Recovery ......000. cc .ece. ee.e ee.e e.e ee. ee.eee ne 259 E. T. McDonough, M. Graham, K. Zercie and W. D. Lord A Strange Case of Analyses on the Tessera of an Ancient Mosaic ......06.00. cc .ece. eee. ee.e e. en6e nn es 261 L. Garofano, L. Ripani, M. Verita and P. Sanzopadre Trace Element Analysis of Glass Fragments by ICP-AES with Ultrasonic Nebulization..................... 263 P. S. Rebbert and C. A. Peters The Use of Physical Characteristics for the Comparison and Discrimination of Glass Particles............... 265 B. M. Dixon and M. J. McVicar Systematic Approach to the Identification of Explosive Residues. VI. Surry/gel and Emulsion Explosives ..... 267 A. N. Walters and C. R. Midkiff, Jr. A Simple, Inexpensive Thermal Desorption Method for the Trace Analysis of Headspace Vapors from Explosives and Organic Nitro Compounds ......c.cc c.cc. .ce.e .ee.e e0ee e0e ee0 nee nes 269 J. R. Hobbs and E. P. Conde Ultra-Trace Analysis of Explosives by Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection: i TTTTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TT TT TTT TTT TTT Trrrrrrrrrrrrrrrre 271 G. A. Reiner and H. M. McNair Analysis of Plastic Bonded Explosives I: An Analytical Scheme for the Separation and rTry err rr rer rrr rr r TT rrrrrrrrerrrrrrrrrrrerriry 273 M. W. Tungol, F. W. Whitehurst, R. L. Keagy and B. R. McCord Vili Explosive Residue Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis and lon Chromatography ........0.6..00.0. 00.00 5 275 K. A. Hargadon and B. R. McCord Analysis of Plastic Bonded Explosives II: Bulk Analysis by Infrared Internal Reflection Spectroscopy ........ 277 E. G. Bartick and R. A. Merrill ED os ces ee es eer ee Het EE TES ESETT ULES ESTEE ES 0090400000 6090990500000590000953000000 281 FFT TTT TTT TTTTT TT TTT rerrireeesrreeerrierrrrrerirrireererrrrTe 285