Proceedings of the Alaska Forest Soil Productivity Workshop

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United States Proceedings
Department of
Agriculture
of the Alaska
Forest Service

Pacific Northwest Forest Soil Productivity
Research Station
General Technical
Workshop
Report
PNW-GTR-219
I
Papers were provided in camera-ready form for printing by the
authors, who are therefore responsible for the content and ac-
curacy. Opinions expressed may not necessarily reflect the
position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication
is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use
does not constitute an official endorsement of approval by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the
exclusion of others that may be more suitable.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ALASKA
FOREST SOIL PRODUCTIVITY
WORKSHOP
Anchorage, Alaska
April 28-30, 1987
Charles W. Slaughter and
Tony Gasbarro, Editors
Teri Lawson, Technical Editor
Sponsored by:
Society of American Foresters, Cook Inlet Chapter
Cosponsors:
Alaska Department of Natural Resources
Alaska Society of Professional Soil Scientists
Alaska Soil and Water Conservation Board
Tanana Chiefs Conference
University of Alaska Fairbanks
USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station
USDA Soil Conservation Service
USDI Bureau of Land Management
Published by:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Pacific Northwest Research Station
Portland, Oregon
and
School of Agriculture and Land Resources Management
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, Alaska
General Technical Report PNW-GTR-219
April 1988
STEERING COMMITTEE
TOM WARD, Chairman
KEN, WINTERBERGER
KEITH QUINTAVELL
EARL W. FORD,
CHIEN-LU PING
TONY GASBARRO
CHUCK SLAUGHTER
SUSAN BROCK
EUGENE WHEELER
EARL ALEXANDER
CRAIG OLSON
HAL BRACKETT
JIM LABAU
DEDICATION
The workshop was dedicated to the memory of Jim Downs, a friend and colleague
killed in a helicopter accident March 6, 1987, while returning from a field assignment.
CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
Charles H. Slaughter and Anthony F. Gasbarro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
AGENCY OBJECTIVES IN MONITORING
AND ENHANCING FOREST PRODUCTIVITY
(Moderator: Tom Ward)
THE ROLE OF THE USDA SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE IN MONITORING AND ENHANCING LONG-TERM
FOREST SOIL PRODUCTIVITY
Burton L. Clifford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RESEARCH IN FOREST PRODUCTIVITY WITHIN THE SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND LAND RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA-FARIBANKS
James V. Drew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
THE ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SOIL PRODUCTIVITY
Craig Olson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT IN ALASKA
Russell E. Hanson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
FOREST SOIL PRODUCTIVITY RESEARCH IN ALASKA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE USDA FOREST
SERVICE, PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION
D.N. Swanston, C.T. Dyrness, and V.J. LaBau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM
Keith R. Quintavell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A BRIEF HISTORY OF TANANA CHIEFS CONFERENCE, INC. AND POST LOGGING SOIL
EROSION OF CLEAR CUT SITES
John C. Mainsch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING SOIL
PRODUCTIVITY AND TREE GROWTH MEASUREMENTS
(Moderator: Craig Olson)
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY - WHAT IS IT?
Glen O. Klock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
ASSESSING SOIL PROPERTIES WHICH LIMIT FOREST PRODUCTIVITY
S.P. Gessel, D.W. Cole, and H.N. Chappell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
CORRELATION OF FOREST GROWTH AND YIELD WITH SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
Edmond C. Packee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE WASHINGTON FOREST LAND GRADING PROGRAM
Lyn R. Townsend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
SITE QUALITY, FOREST GROWTH, AND SOIL-SITE STUDIES IN THE FORESTS OF COASTAL ALASKA
Wilbur A. Farr and Earl W. Ford. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SELECTED SOUTHEAST ALASKA FORESTED SOILS
W. David Loggy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY MONITORING
FOR PROJECT ASSESSMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND COMPLIANCE
(Moderator: Dean Davidson)
STRATEGY AND TACTICS FOR MONITORING LONG-TERM SITE PRODUCTIVITY
Richard E. Hiller and John H. Hazard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
iii
Page
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT: OBJECTIVES, POLICY, AND STANDARDS IN
THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION OF THE FOREST SERVICE
Robert T. Meurisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63
MONITORING SOIL PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ON A NATIONAL FOREST IN EASTERN OREGON: A CASE STUDY
Timothy E. Sullivan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND TREE GROWTH
IN COASTAL SPRUCE AND HEMLOCK FORESTS
(Moderator: Dean Davidson)
ESTIMATION OF SITE INDEX IN FOREST INVENTORIES OF COASTAL
ALASKA--AND OTHER CONFESSIONS
George L. Rogers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
77
AN APPROACH TO SOIL PRODUCTIVITY ASSESSMENT IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Willem W. S. van Hees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
81
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF FOUR SOIL VARIABLES AND THEIR RELATION TO SITE INDEX
OF SITKA SPRUCE IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Earl H. Ford, Wilbur A. Farr, and Chien Lu-Ping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
84
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND TREE GROWTH
IN INTERIOR SPRUCE AND HARDWOOD FORESTS
(Moderator: Tom Sheehy)
EFFECT OF PODZOLIZATION ON SOIL FERTILITY
Fiorenzo C. Ugolini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
MODELING APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF SITE PRODUCTIVITY
J. Yarie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
94
WHITE SPRUCE SITE INDEX IN THE KANTISHNA AND COPPER RIVER AREAS OF INTERIOR ALASKA
Darrell R. Kautz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
VEGETATION PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL FERTILITY IN POST-FIRE SECONDARY
SUCCESSION IN INTERIOR ALASKA
K. Van Cleve, L.A. Viereck, and C.T. Dyrness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121
TREE IMPROVEMENT AND ITS ROLE
IN OVERCOMING SITE LIMITATIONS
(Moderator: Eugene Wheeler)
INTEGRATING SILVICULTURE AND GENETICS IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Roy Silen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103
ALASKA'S TREE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY PLAN - A CHALLENGE,
Earl Stephens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105
THE IMPROVEMENT OF SITKA SPRUCE USING PRECOMMERCIAL THINNING
William H. Pawuk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
108
SPECIES SELECTION FOR FOREST DEVELOPMENT IN ALASKA
John R. Alden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
110
iv
INTRODUCTION
Charles W. Slaughter and Anthony F. Gasbarro
Valuable and extensive discussions, stimulated by
The Alaska Forest Soil Productivity Workshop
the formal presentations, occurred during the
provided an opportunity to enhance cooperation in
workshop and after hours. An evening poster
the development and use of soil-productivity
session, moderated by Earl Alexander, included
information for forest management in Alaska. The
three presentations: Podzolization and windthrow:
workshop was designed to address. the role of soil
natural fluctuations in long-term productivity and
information for forest management; assessment,
implications for management, by Bernard Bormann;
monitoring, and enhancement of soil productivity;
Growth of tamarack in the non-glaciated northern
and research on productivity of forests and soils.
portion of its range, by Trudy Heffernan and E.C.
Packee; and Morphology and classification of
The environments for forest growth in Alaska are
selected southeast Alaska soils, by H. David
extremely diverse. Forests range over 14º of
Loggy. A final workshop critique was provided in
latitude, from Ketchikan to the Brooks Range at
the form of an open panel discussion moderated by
680 N., and from temperate coastal to subarctic
John Henley; panelists included Stanley Gessel,
and Arctic permafrost-underlain settings.
Jere Christner, Glen Klock, and Charles Slaughter.
Management of forests on public and private lands
varies from intensive to essentially no
management, with virtually no quantitative This proceedings includes only submitted papers.
information available about the resource in some These papers have not necessarily been
locales. In consequence, this workshop peer-reviewed; technical review was the
accommodated a broad range of technical and responsibility of the individual authors. Kelly
managerial questions. The sponsors and conveners Wenzlick (Institute of Northern Forestry) and Mayo
wished to improve direct communication between Earnest (Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
soil scientists and resource managers, facilitate Station) provided valuable and timely assistance
transfer of new understanding for forest and soil in preparing manuscripts for publication.
systems from research to application, and identify
The conveners wish to acknowledge the leading role
major information deficiencies.
of the Cook Inlet Chapter, Alaska Society of
American Foresters, in initiating and organizing
this workshop. We are especially indebted to Tom
CHARLES W. SLAUGHTER is principal watershed
Ward, Earl Ford, and Chien-Lu Ping for their
scientist at the Institute of Northern
generous contribution of ideas, time, and
Forestry, Fairbanks, Alaska. ANTHONY F. enthusiasm. .
GASBARRO is an extension forester at the
School of Agriculture and Land Resources
Management, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
v
PARTICIPANTS
Adams, Larry R. Drew, James V.
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR School of Agriculture & Land Resources Management
S.R. 2, Box 107 University of Alaska
Soldotna, Alaska 99669 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
Alden, John N. Dyrness, C.T.
Institute of Northern Forestry Institute of Northern Forestry
USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Service
308 Tanana Drive Fairbanks, 308 Tanana Drive Fairbanks,
Alaska 99775 Alaska 99775
Alexander, Earl Farr, Wilbur A.
USDA Forest Service, Region 10 P.O. Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Box 021628 USDA Forest Service
Juneau, Alaska 99802 P.O. Box 20909
Juneau, Alaska 99802
Beebe, Bill
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR Fletcher, Lou
P.O. Box 520455 USDA Soil Conservation Service 201
Big Lake, Alaska 99652 East 9th Avenue, Suite 300
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Bormann, Bernard
Forestry Sciences Laboratory Ford, Earl
USDA Forest Service P.O. Box USDA Forest Service, Region 5 630
20909 Sansome Street
Juneau, Alaska San Francisco, California 94111
Brackett, Hal Furbush, Clarence
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR Star Route A, Box 6001
P.O. Box 7-005 Palmer, Alaska 99625
Anchorage, Alaska 99510
Gasbarro, Anthony
Brook, Susan J. Cooperative Extension Service
P.O. Box 200010 University of Alaska
Anchorage, Alaska 99520-0010 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5200
Christner, Jere Gessel, Stanley P.
USDA Forest Service College of Forest Resources, AR-10
204 Siginaka Hay University of Washington
Sitka, Alaska 99835 Seattle, Washington 98195
Clark, Hark Hanson, Russel
USDA Soil Conservation Service USDI Bureau of Land Management
268 E. Fireweed, Suite 3 701 C Street, Box 13
Palmer, Alaska 99645 Anchorage, Alaska 99173
Clifford, Burt Hauver, Richard N. USDA
USDA Soil Conservation Service Forest Service
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 300 3418 Hawkins
Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3687 Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
Colla, Jim Heffernan, Trudy
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station
P.O. Box 520455 University of Alaska
Big Lake, Alaska 99652 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
Davidson, Dean Helm, Dorothy J.
Chugach National Forest Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station
USDA Forest Service University of Alaska
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 206 533 E. Fireweed
Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Palmer, Alaska 99645
Davis, Arlene Henley, John
Forestry Sciences Laboratory Forestry Sciences Laboratory
USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Service
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303 P.O. Box 20909
Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Juneau, Alaska 99802
vi
Hovland, Dwight Maricle, Martin
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
USDI Bureau of Land Management
P.O. Box 185
701 C Street, Box 13
Glennallen, Alaska 99588
Anchorage, Alaska 99173
Hudak, George McMahon, Richard
Chugach National Forest Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
USDA Forest Service 3601 C Street, Suite 1008
P.O. Box 390 Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Seward, Alaska 99664
Mead, Delbert R.
Kautz, Darrel Forestry Sciences Laboratory
USDA Soil Conservation Service USDA Forest Service
268 E. Fireweed, Suite 3 Palmer, 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303
Alaska 99645 Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Meurisse, Robert T.
Klock, Glen
Western Resources Analysis 2113 USDA Forest Service, Region 6
Sunrise Circle P.O. Box 3623
Wenatchee, Washington 98801 Portland, Oregon 97208
Miller, Richard E.
Koleser, Ray
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
Forestry Sciences Laboratory
USDA Forest Service
USDA Forest Service
3625 93rd Avenue, SW
201 E. 9th Avenue, Suite 303
Olympia, Washington 98502
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Miller, Cal
Kramer, Ray
USDA Soil Conservation Service
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 300
S.R. 2, Box 107
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Soldotna, Alaska 99669
LaBau, V.J. "Jim" Moore, Joe
Forestry Sciences Laboratory USDA USDA Soil Conservation Service
Forest Service 268 E. Fireweed, Suite 3
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303 Palmer, Alaska 99645
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Olson, Craig
Larson, Fred R. Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
Forestry Sciences Laboratory P.O. Box 7-005
USDA Forest Service Anchorage, Alaska 99510
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303
Anchorage, Alaska 99501 Packee, Edmond C.
School of Agriculture & Land Resource Management
University of Alaska
Latocha, William
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
3601 C Street, Suite 1008
Pawuk, William H.
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
USDA Forest Service
P.O. Box 309
Lawton, Gary
Petersburg, Alaska 99833
USDA Forest Service
P.O. Box 1
Ping, Chien-Lu
Thorne Bay, Alaska 99919
Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station
, Lehner; Devony University of Alaska
533 E. Fireweed
USDA Soil Conservation Service
Palmer, Alaska 99645
P.O. Box 400
Homer, Alaska 99603
Quintavell, Keith
Alaska Soil and Water Conservation Board
Loggy, David W.,
P.O. Box 949
Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan Area
Palmer, Alaska 99645
USDA Forest Service
Federal Building
Rogers, George L.
Ketchikan, Alaska 99901
USDA Forest Service, Region 10
Maisch, John "Chris" P.O. Box 021628
Tanana Chiefs Conference, Inc_ Juneau, Alaska 99802-1628
201 First Avenue
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
vii
Sanders, Richard Van Cleve, Keith
P.O. Box 46 Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station
Hope, Alaska 99605 University of Alaska
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
Setzer, Theodore S.
Forestry Sciences Laboratory van Hees, Willem
USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory
201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303 USDA Forest Service
Anchorage, Alaska 99501 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Sheehy, Thomas
USDA Forest Service, Region 10 Van Patten, Doug
P.O. Box 021628 USDA Soil Conservation Service
Juneau, Alaska 99801-1628 P.O. Box 400
Homer, Alaska 99603
Silen, Roy
Forestry Sciences Laboratory Viereck, Leslie A.
USDA Forest Service Institute of Northern Forestry USDA
3200 Jefferson Way Forest Service
Corvallis, Oregon 97331 308 Tanana Drive
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
Slaughter, Charles W.
Institute of Northern Forestry Wahrenbrock, Wade W.
USDA Forest Service Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR
308 Tanana Drive S.R. 2, Box 107
Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 Soldotna, Alaska 99669
Sprague, Lynn Ward, Tom
USDA Forest Service, Region 10 USDA Soil Conservation Service
P.O. Box 21628 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 300
Juneau, Alaska 99802-1628 Anchorage, Alaska 99501-3687
Stam, Joe Watts, Wallace
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR Chugach National Forest
Box 130 USDA Forest Service
McGrath, Alaska 99627 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 206
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Stehlik, Joe
Alaska State Forest Nursery Wheeler, Eugene,
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR State & Private Forestry, Region 10
S.R. 9001, Hiland Road USDA Forest Service
Eagle River, Alaska 99577 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 206
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Stephens, Earl P.
Division of Forestry, Alaska DNR White, Joe
3601 C Street, Suite 1008 USDA Soil Conservation Service
Anchorage, Alaska 99503 1760 Westwood Way
Fairbanks, Alaska 99701
Sullivan, Tim
Malheur National Forest Winterberger, Kenneth C.
USDA Forest Service Forestry Sciences Laboratory
139 N.E. Dayton Street USDA Forest Service
John Day, Oregon 97845 201 East 9th Avenue, Suite 303
Anchorage, Alaska 99501
Townsend, Lyn
USDA Soil Conservation Service WNTC Yarie, John
511 N.W. Broadway, Room 547 Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station
Portland, Oregon 97209 University of Alaska Fairbanks
c/o Institute of Northern Forestry
Ugolini, Fiorenzo 308 Tanana Drive
College of Forest Resources, AR-10 Fairbanks, Alaska 99775
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
viii