Proceedings of the 50th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 11, Issue 1,2

224 Pages·1990·5.448 MB·English

50th Conference on Glass Problems
Proceedings of the
50th Conference on Glass Problems
Clifton G. Bergeron
Editor
A Collection of Papers Presented at the
50th Conference on Glass Problems
Sponsored by the
Departments of Materials Science and Engineering
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
and
The Ohio State University
November 7-8, 1989
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Illini Union Building
Urbana, IL
ISSN 0196-6219
Published by
The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
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Westerville, OH 43081-6136
Copyright@ 1990, The American Ceramic Society, Inc.
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CESPDK VOI. 11, NO.1 -2, pp. 1-216, 1990
The American Ceramic Society assumes no responsibility for the statements
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at its programs.
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$Z.OOl.
Each issue of Ccrurnic Erigineering arid Science Proceedings includes a collection of
technical articles in a general area of interest, such as glass, engineering ceramics, and
refractories. These articles are of practical value for the ceramic industries. The
issues are based on the proceedings of a conference. Both The American Ceramic
Society, Inc., and non-Society conferences provide these technical articles. Each issue
is organized by an editor who selects and edits material from the conference. Some
issues may not be complete representations of the conference proceedings. There is
no other review prior to publication.
Foreword
The conference was sponsored by the Departments of Materials Science
and Engineering of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
(UIUC) and the Ohio State University.
C. G. Bergeron, Professor of Ceramic Engineering, was Director of
the Conference. Local arrangements and conference operations were
handled by G. W. Conlee, Assistant Director of the Glass Conference,
also of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC.
Chester S. Gardner, Associate Dean of the College of Engineering,
UIUC, gave the welcoming address. James Economy, Head, Depart-
ment of Materials Science and Engineering, UIUC, gave the Depart-
mental Greeting.
Themes and chairmen of the conference session were as follows:
Furnace Operation and Glass Melting
Ralph Chinella
Owens-Illinois, Incorporated
Environmental Considerations
Edward R. Begley
Corhart Refractories Company
Panel Discussion on Control of Emissions and Hazardous Waste
C. Philip Ross, Moderator
Kerr Corporation
Selected Topics
John McConnell
PPG Industries
Charles Drummond, 111, Associate Professor of Ceramic Engineer-
ing, the Ohio State University, presided at the banquet. Entertainment
was provided by the University of Illinois Jazz Band with Fay V.
Tooley as soloist.
The Conference was held in the Illini Union Building, Urbana, IL.
Preface
In keeping with the precedent established by the previous glass
conferences, the papers from the 50th Annual Conference on Glass
Problems have been brought together for the 1989 edition of The
Collected Papers.
Manuscripts are reproduced largely as furnished by the authors but
were reviewed prior to presentation by the respective session chairmen.
A modest amount of editing was also done by C. G. Bergeron. The
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is not responsible, as a
body, for the statements and opinions expressed in this publication.
C. G. Bergeron
Urbana, IL
November, 1989
Acknowledgments
It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance and advice provided by
the Program Advisory Committee whose members are listed below:
Edward R. Begley
Corhart Refractories Corporation
Ralph Chinella
Owens Illinois Incorporated
Charles H. Drummond, I11
The Ohio State University
W. Kenneth Enos
Phillips Lighting Company
Foster L. Harding
Manville Sales Corporation
Carl W. Hibscher
Toledo Engineering Company
Jerry Kersting
Corning Glass Works
John F. McConnell
PPG Industries
Philip Ross, Jr.
Kerr Glass Manufacturing Company
C. G. Bergeron
Conference Director
Dedication
It is fitting that this 50th Annual Conference on Glass Problems be
dedicated to Dr. Fay V. Tooley. Fay has been actively involved in all
but one of the 50 conferences. He demonstrated the blowing of rock
wool to the attendees at the very first conference, which was held on
the Urbana campus in 1934. Thirteen years later he became director of
the conference at Illinois and continued in that capacity for the next 28
years.
Born in Nokomis, Illinois, on May 4, 1908, Fay attended elementary
school and high school in Mattoon, Illinois. He attended the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and received degrees in Chemistry
(BA, 1932), Ceramic Science (M.S., 1936), and Ceramic Engineering
(Ph.D., 1939). Following graduation, Fay joined the Owens Corning
Fiberglass Corporation; in 1940, he was appointed Director of Glass
Research, Development and Control. He returned to UIUC in 1947 to
assume the position of Professor of Glass Technology. In addition to
his teaching and research duties, Fay assumed the direction of the Glass
Conference when it was held at Illinois. During that period the Glass
Conference attendance grew from approximately 100 to over 500
people. Fay has contributed much to the glass industry through his
research, his editorship and co-authorship of the popular Handbook of
Glass Manufacture, and the students who passed through his courses,
many of whom later became leaders in the glass industry.
Fay has received numerous honors and awards for his contributions
to the industry, including the Glass Industry’s Phoenix Award and the
Toledo Glass and Ceramics Award. A Fellow of the American Ceramic
Society, he served as Secretary of the Glass Division for 20 years and
on numerous committees of that Division. Most recently, he received
the American Ceramic Society’s highest honor when he was awarded
honorary life membership.
Long-time attendees will recognize that this dedication would be
incomplete without an acknowledgment of the many contributions of
Fay’s charming wife, Rosemary, who assisted Fay with many of the
myriad details involved in putting on a Glass Conference and whose
warmth and graciousness made many a newcomer feel welcome.
A Note on the History of the Glass Conference
Professor C. W. Parmelee, Head of the Department of Ceramic
Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from
1922 to 1942, conceived the idea of a conference directed toward
benefitting the glass industry by sharing university research and
exchanging ideas among manufacturers. With the assistance of friends
from the glass industry, he put together a program and invited those
"within convenient distance of Urbana" to attend. The first conference,
held on June 1 and 2, 1934, was enthusiastically received and it
attracted some 50 participants from 8 states. A second conference was
held in November of the same year and attracted 98 glass manufactur-
ing practitioners from 12 states. It was clear that a conference of this
type met the needs of the glass industry and the conference subsequent-
ly became an annual event with the exception of those years during
World War I1 when it did not meet.
Following World War 11, UIUC invited The Ohio State University
to join with it in sponsoring and directing those conferences, an
arrangement that has continued to the present. The Annual Conference
on Glass Problems has often been cited as an example of a very
successful cooperative effort between a basic U.S. industry and two
major universities.
In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Glass Conference,
Dr. Fay V. Tooley has written a lively and informative history of the
Glass Conference based on many of his personal recollections as well
as on archival material from the two universities and various trade
sources. Copies of this 240-page document, which includes numerous
photos of participants-beginning with the first conference-as well as
a listing of the programs and speakers, are available from the Newark
Leader Printing company in Newark, Ohio. An order blank is included
with the advance program mailing.
C. G. Bergeron
Urbana, IL
Table of Contents
...........
The United States Glass Industry-Then and Now 1
Fay V. Tooley
Identifying Glass Penetration of Furnace Bottoms
.................
during Cool-Down of Drained Furnaces 14
Bradley Q. Kinsman
..........
Time-Lapse Video Photography in a Glass Melter 18
Glenn Neff, Jr. and James Nabors
............
Ceramic Welding at Latchford Glass Company 32
Thad R. Busby
....................................
Color Plates 39
................
Operation of a Cullet Preheating System 53
W. E. Cole, F. Becker, L. Donaldson, and S. Panahe
The Health and Safety Aspects of Man-Made
..................................
Mineral Fibers 69
W. B. Bunn, G. R. Chase, and R. A. Versen
........
Toxic and Acid Gas Reduction from Glass Furnaces 80
Donald J. Keifer
.......................
LoNoP Glass Melting Furnace 89
Ronald H. Moore
Pilot-Scale Testing and Preliminary Commercial
System Design of a Gas-Fired Advanced Glass
................................
Melting Furnace 102
D. J. Bender, J. G. Hnat, A. F. Litka, L. W. Donaldson, Jr.,
G. L. Ridderbusch, D. J. Tessari, and J. R. Sacks
Panel Discussion on Control of Emissions and
...............................
Hazardous Waste 125
Experimental Studies of the Thermal Performance
.............
of Various Cruciform Regenerator Packings 127
A. Zanoli, E. R. Begley, R. Vidil, and D. Largarenne
.........
Managing a Sale of Technology Project in China 145
Andrew H. Jackson
Advantages of New Refractories for Electric Melters
....................
Producing Insulating Fiber Glass 151
Glenn Aspholm and Thomas M. Wehrenberg
....................
Soda Ash and the Glass Industry 161
Andrew F. Zeller
................
Non- Axisymmetric Jet Oxygen Lancing 175
T. A. Yap
Computer Modeling of Glass Flow in Ribbon
......................................
Process 196
Simon M. Rekhson, Yang Wang, and H. P. Wang
AGRASIP Glass Container Production Process
.................................
Improvements 205
John S. Wasylyk
50th Conference on Glass Problems
Editor John B, Wachtman
Copyright@ 1990, The American Ceramic Society, Inc
Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 1111-21 pp. 1-13 (1990)
The United States Glass Industry-Then and Now
FAY V. TOOLEY
As I was putting some thoughts together on the development and health
of our industry, I ran across a paper that I earlier had much admired.
The paper contained the substance of a talk given in 1953 by Dr.
William C. Taylor of the Corning Glass Works.' (Many of you may
recall that Dr. Taylor along with Eugene C. Sullivan were co-inventors
of the original Pyrex glass laboratoryware composition.) His subject
was a review of some aspects of the glass industry back to 1903, some
thirty years prior to our first glass problems conference meeting. The
major emphasis of the talk was the effect of technological development
in our industry over a half century, and it embraced a philosophy that
I came to share enthusiastically over the ensuing years.
Dr. Taylor's paper recalls a trenchant and pervasive aspect of our
industry's development. It is that "the bulk of glass manufactured prior
to 1900 was based either on its use as a container or on its transparen-
cy." Taking into account the great versatility of glass as we know it
today, we must agree with Dr. Taylor, who believed that attempts to
spread information about the usefulness of glass were ineffective
because of a lack of knowledge.
We can imagine that in the very early days of glass development
there were a few entrepreneurial persons who wished to make some-
thing new and useful out of glass. Let us consider in historical
perspective one such hypothetical person. He had very little informa-
tion concerning glass composition-physical-optical properties that fitted
his dream. He did not have the phase equilibrium diagrams and data
on glass-viscosity relations which have been so helpful with respect to
the melting, forming, and annealing problems basically inherent in any
glass. He did not have methods adequate for conducting accurate
chemical analyses of raw materials and glass, or methods for accurately
measuring the physical properties of his experimental glasses. He had
a few glasses that were largely dependent on a very few raw materials,
and had but few physical and chemical properties relating to them.
And if our hero had had a vision of semi- or fully automatic process-
ing, he would have had insufficient knowledge of metals and mechani-
cal motions.
What might such a person have accomplished if he had had access
to the information we have today?
50th Conference on Glass Problems
Editor John B, Wachtman
1
Copyright@ 1990, The American Ceramic Society, Inc